Steel scrap fragmentation by shredders
Identifieur interne : 000078 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000077; suivant : 000079Steel scrap fragmentation by shredders
Auteurs : L. Aboussouan ; Ph. Russo ; M. N. Pons ; D. Thomas ; J. P. Birat ; D. LeclercSource :
- Powder Technology [ 0032-5910 ] ; 1999.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Aboussouan, Better understanding, Circular silhouettes, Correlation parameter, Deformation scheme, Descriptor, Electrical wires, Elsevier science, Experimental data, Experimental results, Fragment, Fragment silhouette, Image analysis, Industrial shredders, Mass distribution, Mass fraction, Mesh, Mesh size, Mesh sizes, Metal recycling, Morphology, Morphology characterisation, Nancy cedex, Operation conditions, Powder technology, Shape classes, Shape descriptors, Shape distribution, Shredder, Sieving, Sieving time, Silhouette, Size class, Size classes, Size distribution, Small number, Steel fragments.
- Teeft :
- Aboussouan, Better understanding, Circular silhouettes, Correlation parameter, Deformation scheme, Descriptor, Electrical wires, Elsevier science, Experimental data, Experimental results, Fragment, Fragment silhouette, Image analysis, Industrial shredders, Mass distribution, Mass fraction, Mesh, Mesh size, Mesh sizes, Metal recycling, Morphology, Morphology characterisation, Nancy cedex, Operation conditions, Powder technology, Shape classes, Shape descriptors, Shape distribution, Shredder, Sieving, Sieving time, Silhouette, Size class, Size classes, Size distribution, Small number, Steel fragments.
Abstract
Abstract: Tens of millions of used vehicles are destroyed per year in Europe by hammer shredding. However, the quality of the fragments in terms of composition (presence of copper essentially) is not sufficient for their efficient recycling. This difficulty is presented in the first part of the paper in which attempts to improve the scrap quality by a simple separation based on size are described. In the second part, lab-scale experiments, designed to have a better understanding of the phenomena taking place in the shredder, have been performed on model steel products such as cans. The fragments have been analyzed from the point of view of their size, morphology and metallographic distributions. A deformation scheme can be proposed for the cans.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00150-3
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:C247249A988AA2041E99448CB7B619EFCC9B5F3ALe document en format XML
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Aboussouan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IRSID, voie Romaine, BP 30320, F-57283 Maizières-les-Metz, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Russo, Ph" sort="Russo, Ph" uniqKey="Russo P" first="Ph." last="Russo">Ph. Russo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IRSID, voie Romaine, BP 30320, F-57283 Maizières-les-Metz, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pons, M N" sort="Pons, M N" uniqKey="Pons M" first="M. N." last="Pons">M. N. Pons</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Corresponding author. CNRS-LSGC-GSMP, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy Cedex, France. 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Leclerc</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Powder Technology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">PTEC</title><idno type="ISSN">0032-5910</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1999">1999</date><biblScope unit="volume">105</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1–3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="288">288</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="294">294</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0032-5910</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0032-5910</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aboussouan</term><term>Better understanding</term><term>Circular silhouettes</term><term>Correlation parameter</term><term>Deformation scheme</term><term>Descriptor</term><term>Electrical wires</term><term>Elsevier science</term><term>Experimental data</term><term>Experimental results</term><term>Fragment</term><term>Fragment silhouette</term><term>Image analysis</term><term>Industrial shredders</term><term>Mass distribution</term><term>Mass fraction</term><term>Mesh</term><term>Mesh size</term><term>Mesh sizes</term><term>Metal recycling</term><term>Morphology</term><term>Morphology characterisation</term><term>Nancy cedex</term><term>Operation conditions</term><term>Powder technology</term><term>Shape classes</term><term>Shape descriptors</term><term>Shape distribution</term><term>Shredder</term><term>Sieving</term><term>Sieving time</term><term>Silhouette</term><term>Size class</term><term>Size classes</term><term>Size distribution</term><term>Small number</term><term>Steel fragments</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Aboussouan</term><term>Better understanding</term><term>Circular silhouettes</term><term>Correlation parameter</term><term>Deformation scheme</term><term>Descriptor</term><term>Electrical wires</term><term>Elsevier science</term><term>Experimental data</term><term>Experimental results</term><term>Fragment</term><term>Fragment silhouette</term><term>Image analysis</term><term>Industrial shredders</term><term>Mass distribution</term><term>Mass fraction</term><term>Mesh</term><term>Mesh size</term><term>Mesh sizes</term><term>Metal recycling</term><term>Morphology</term><term>Morphology characterisation</term><term>Nancy cedex</term><term>Operation conditions</term><term>Powder technology</term><term>Shape classes</term><term>Shape descriptors</term><term>Shape distribution</term><term>Shredder</term><term>Sieving</term><term>Sieving time</term><term>Silhouette</term><term>Size class</term><term>Size classes</term><term>Size distribution</term><term>Small number</term><term>Steel fragments</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: Tens of millions of used vehicles are destroyed per year in Europe by hammer shredding. However, the quality of the fragments in terms of composition (presence of copper essentially) is not sufficient for their efficient recycling. This difficulty is presented in the first part of the paper in which attempts to improve the scrap quality by a simple separation based on size are described. In the second part, lab-scale experiments, designed to have a better understanding of the phenomena taking place in the shredder, have been performed on model steel products such as cans. The fragments have been analyzed from the point of view of their size, morphology and metallographic distributions. A deformation scheme can be proposed for the cans.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>shredder</json:string><json:string>sieving</json:string><json:string>powder technology</json:string><json:string>descriptor</json:string><json:string>aboussouan</json:string><json:string>size class</json:string><json:string>steel fragments</json:string><json:string>size classes</json:string><json:string>fragment</json:string><json:string>mesh sizes</json:string><json:string>size distribution</json:string><json:string>shape descriptors</json:string><json:string>electrical wires</json:string><json:string>shape distribution</json:string><json:string>metal recycling</json:string><json:string>deformation scheme</json:string><json:string>mass fraction</json:string><json:string>better understanding</json:string><json:string>image analysis</json:string><json:string>experimental results</json:string><json:string>circular silhouettes</json:string><json:string>nancy cedex</json:string><json:string>experimental data</json:string><json:string>small number</json:string><json:string>mesh size</json:string><json:string>sieving time</json:string><json:string>elsevier science</json:string><json:string>industrial shredders</json:string><json:string>shape classes</json:string><json:string>operation conditions</json:string><json:string>correlation parameter</json:string><json:string>morphology characterisation</json:string><json:string>fragment silhouette</json:string><json:string>mass distribution</json:string><json:string>morphology</json:string><json:string>mesh</json:string><json:string>silhouette</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>L. Aboussouan</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France</json:string><json:string>IRSID, voie Romaine, BP 30320, F-57283 Maizières-les-Metz, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ph. Russo</name><affiliations><json:string>IRSID, voie Romaine, BP 30320, F-57283 Maizières-les-Metz, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M.N. Pons</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France</json:string><json:string>Corresponding author. CNRS-LSGC-GSMP, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy Cedex, France. Tel.: +33-383-17-52-77; fax: +33-383-17-53-26; E-mail: pons@ensic.u-nancy.fr</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. Thomas</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J.P. Birat</name><affiliations><json:string>IRSID, voie Romaine, BP 30320, F-57283 Maizières-les-Metz, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. Leclerc</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Scrap</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Shredder</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Metal recycling</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Sieving</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Image analysis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Metallography</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Tens of millions of used vehicles are destroyed per year in Europe by hammer shredding. However, the quality of the fragments in terms of composition (presence of copper essentially) is not sufficient for their efficient recycling. This difficulty is presented in the first part of the paper in which attempts to improve the scrap quality by a simple separation based on size are described. In the second part, lab-scale experiments, designed to have a better understanding of the phenomena taking place in the shredder, have been performed on model steel products such as cans. The fragments have been analyzed from the point of view of their size, morphology and metallographic distributions. A deformation scheme can be proposed for the cans.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>4.391</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595 x 758 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>6</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>745</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>2951</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>16082</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>7</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>120</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Steel scrap fragmentation by shredders</title><pii><json:string>S0032-5910(99)00150-3</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><title>Powder Technology</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><publicationDate>1999</publicationDate><issn><json:string>0032-5910</json:string></issn><pii><json:string>S0032-5910(00)X0067-8</json:string></pii><volume>105</volume><issue>1–3</issue><pages><first>288</first><last>294</last></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>engineering, chemical</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>applied sciences</json:string><json:string>engineering</json:string><json:string>chemical engineering</json:string></scienceMetrix><inist><json:string>sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>sciences exactes et technologie</json:string><json:string>chimie</json:string><json:string>chimie analytique</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>1999</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1999</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00150-3</json:string></doi><id>C247249A988AA2041E99448CB7B619EFCC9B5F3A</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C247249A988AA2041E99448CB7B619EFCC9B5F3A/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C247249A988AA2041E99448CB7B619EFCC9B5F3A/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/C247249A988AA2041E99448CB7B619EFCC9B5F3A/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">Steel scrap fragmentation by shredders</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>©1999 Elsevier Science S.A.</p></availability><date>1999</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">Fig. 1: Mass distribution of pieces containing copper: (□) steel fragments, (■) copper-steel fragments.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Schematic representation of the interaction between the fragment shape and the sieve mesh (a) parallepipedic fragment, (b) cylindrical fragment.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Schematic view of the shredder.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Photograph showing the internals of the small experimental shredder.</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: Size distribution: (■) one can for a crushing time of 6 min, (♦) three cans for a crushing time of 4 min.</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: Global representation of the can fragments size distributions by Rosin–Rammler laws: (a) d′ vs. 1/t and (b) n vs. t.</note><note type="content">Fig. 7: Comparison between experimental data (♦, ○) and first-order Kapur functions (———). Classes containing a small number of fragments are not taken into account (○).</note><note type="content">Fig. 8: Mass distribution: simulated (lines) and experimental (symbol) values; (○) 1–5 mm, (▴) 5–10 mm, (□) >10 mm.</note><note type="content">Fig. 9: Shape descriptors.</note><note type="content">Fig. 10: Examples of the shape class members.</note><note type="content">Fig. 11: Evolution of shape distribution with size, (♦) f01, (■) f02, (▴) f03, (•) f04 and (×) f05.</note><note type="content">Fig. 12: Evolution of shape with time for the size class [5–6] mm (a) and [8–10] mm (b).</note><note type="content">Fig. 13: Behavior of a ball and a coin during sieving.</note><note type="content">Fig. 14: Metallographical analysis of a piece of scrap: (a) general view, (b) zone 2 (×86), (c) zone 1 (×86), (d) enlargement of zone 1 (×430).</note><note type="content">Fig. 15: Proposed deformation scheme of a can during its shredding.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Characteristic shape descriptors for the shape classes</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Steel scrap fragmentation by shredders</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">L.</forename><surname>Aboussouan</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France</affiliation><affiliation>IRSID, voie Romaine, BP 30320, F-57283 Maizières-les-Metz, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Ph.</forename><surname>Russo</surname></persName><affiliation>IRSID, voie Romaine, BP 30320, F-57283 Maizières-les-Metz, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">M.N.</forename><surname>Pons</surname></persName><email>pons@ensic.u-nancy.fr</email><affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">D.</forename><surname>Thomas</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">J.P.</forename><surname>Birat</surname></persName><affiliation>IRSID, voie Romaine, BP 30320, F-57283 Maizières-les-Metz, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">D.</forename><surname>Leclerc</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">C247249A988AA2041E99448CB7B619EFCC9B5F3A</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00150-3</idno><idno type="PII">S0032-5910(99)00150-3</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Powder Technology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">PTEC</title><idno type="pISSN">0032-5910</idno><idno type="PII">S0032-5910(00)X0067-8</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1999"></date><biblScope unit="volume">105</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1–3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="288">288</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="294">294</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1999</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Tens of millions of used vehicles are destroyed per year in Europe by hammer shredding. However, the quality of the fragments in terms of composition (presence of copper essentially) is not sufficient for their efficient recycling. This difficulty is presented in the first part of the paper in which attempts to improve the scrap quality by a simple separation based on size are described. In the second part, lab-scale experiments, designed to have a better understanding of the phenomena taking place in the shredder, have been performed on model steel products such as cans. The fragments have been analyzed from the point of view of their size, morphology and metallographic distributions. A deformation scheme can be proposed for the cans.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Scrap</term></item><item><term>Shredder</term></item><item><term>Metal recycling</term></item><item><term>Sieving</term></item><item><term>Image analysis</term></item><item><term>Metallography</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1999">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C247249A988AA2041E99448CB7B619EFCC9B5F3A/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr2" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr2"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr3" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr3"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr4" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr4"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr5" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr5"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr6" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr6"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr7" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr7"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr8" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr8"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr9" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr9"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr10" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr10"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr11" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr11"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr12" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr12"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr13" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr13"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr14" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr14"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr15" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr15"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>PTEC</jid><aid>3874</aid><ce:pii>S0032-5910(99)00150-3</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00150-3</ce:doi><ce:copyright year="1999" type="full-transfer">Elsevier Science S.A.</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Steel scrap fragmentation by shredders</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>L.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Aboussouan</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1">a</ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2">b</ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Ph.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Russo</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2">b</ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>M.N.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Pons</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1">a</ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="CORR1">*</ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Thomas</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1">a</ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>J.P.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Birat</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2">b</ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Leclerc</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1">a</ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>IRSID, voie Romaine, BP 30320, F-57283 Maizières-les-Metz, France</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="CORR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author. CNRS-LSGC-GSMP, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy Cedex, France. Tel.: +33-383-17-52-77; fax: +33-383-17-53-26; E-mail: pons@ensic.u-nancy.fr</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Tens of millions of used vehicles are destroyed per year in Europe by hammer shredding. However, the quality of the fragments in terms of composition (presence of copper essentially) is not sufficient for their efficient recycling. This difficulty is presented in the first part of the paper in which attempts to improve the scrap quality by a simple separation based on size are described. In the second part, lab-scale experiments, designed to have a better understanding of the phenomena taking place in the shredder, have been performed on model steel products such as cans. The fragments have been analyzed from the point of view of their size, morphology and metallographic distributions. A deformation scheme can be proposed for the cans.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Scrap</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Shredder</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Metal recycling</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Sieving</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Image analysis</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Metallography</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Steel scrap fragmentation by shredders</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Steel scrap fragmentation by shredders</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Aboussouan</namePart><affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France</affiliation><affiliation>IRSID, voie Romaine, BP 30320, F-57283 Maizières-les-Metz, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ph.</namePart><namePart type="family">Russo</namePart><affiliation>IRSID, voie Romaine, BP 30320, F-57283 Maizières-les-Metz, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pons</namePart><affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France</affiliation><affiliation>Corresponding author. CNRS-LSGC-GSMP, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy Cedex, France. Tel.: +33-383-17-52-77; fax: +33-383-17-53-26; E-mail: pons@ensic.u-nancy.fr</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Thomas</namePart><affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Birat</namePart><affiliation>IRSID, voie Romaine, BP 30320, F-57283 Maizières-les-Metz, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Leclerc</namePart><affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1 rue Grandville BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1999</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1999</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract lang="en">Abstract: Tens of millions of used vehicles are destroyed per year in Europe by hammer shredding. However, the quality of the fragments in terms of composition (presence of copper essentially) is not sufficient for their efficient recycling. This difficulty is presented in the first part of the paper in which attempts to improve the scrap quality by a simple separation based on size are described. In the second part, lab-scale experiments, designed to have a better understanding of the phenomena taking place in the shredder, have been performed on model steel products such as cans. The fragments have been analyzed from the point of view of their size, morphology and metallographic distributions. A deformation scheme can be proposed for the cans.</abstract><note type="content">Fig. 1: Mass distribution of pieces containing copper: (□) steel fragments, (■) copper-steel fragments.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Schematic representation of the interaction between the fragment shape and the sieve mesh (a) parallepipedic fragment, (b) cylindrical fragment.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Schematic view of the shredder.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Photograph showing the internals of the small experimental shredder.</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: Size distribution: (■) one can for a crushing time of 6 min, (♦) three cans for a crushing time of 4 min.</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: Global representation of the can fragments size distributions by Rosin–Rammler laws: (a) d′ vs. 1/t and (b) n vs. t.</note><note type="content">Fig. 7: Comparison between experimental data (♦, ○) and first-order Kapur functions (———). Classes containing a small number of fragments are not taken into account (○).</note><note type="content">Fig. 8: Mass distribution: simulated (lines) and experimental (symbol) values; (○) 1–5 mm, (▴) 5–10 mm, (□) >10 mm.</note><note type="content">Fig. 9: Shape descriptors.</note><note type="content">Fig. 10: Examples of the shape class members.</note><note type="content">Fig. 11: Evolution of shape distribution with size, (♦) f01, (■) f02, (▴) f03, (•) f04 and (×) f05.</note><note type="content">Fig. 12: Evolution of shape with time for the size class [5–6] mm (a) and [8–10] mm (b).</note><note type="content">Fig. 13: Behavior of a ball and a coin during sieving.</note><note type="content">Fig. 14: Metallographical analysis of a piece of scrap: (a) general view, (b) zone 2 (×86), (c) zone 1 (×86), (d) enlargement of zone 1 (×430).</note><note type="content">Fig. 15: Proposed deformation scheme of a can during its shredding.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Characteristic shape descriptors for the shape classes</note><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Scrap</topic><topic>Shredder</topic><topic>Metal recycling</topic><topic>Sieving</topic><topic>Image analysis</topic><topic>Metallography</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Powder Technology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>PTEC</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">19991101</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0032-5910</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0032-5910(00)X0067-8</identifier><part><date>19991101</date><detail type="volume"><number>105</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1–3</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue-pages"><start>1</start><end>460</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>288</start><end>294</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">C247249A988AA2041E99448CB7B619EFCC9B5F3A</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-1W41FW7V-S</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00150-3</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0032-5910(99)00150-3</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©1999 Elsevier Science S.A.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science S.A., ©1999</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C247249A988AA2041E99448CB7B619EFCC9B5F3A/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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