Deterioration of Norway spruce vitality despite a sharp decline in acid deposition: a long‐term integrated perspective
Identifieur interne : 001182 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001181; suivant : 001183Deterioration of Norway spruce vitality despite a sharp decline in acid deposition: a long‐term integrated perspective
Auteurs : Mathieu Jonard ; Arnaud Legout ; Manuel Nicolas ; Etienne Dambrine ; Claude Nys ; Erwin Ulrich ; Raphaele Van Der Perre ; Quentin PonetteSource :
- Global Change Biology [ 1354-1013 ] ; 2012-02.
Abstract
Since the late 1970s, several long‐term ecological studies were conducted to better understand the biogeochemical functioning of Norway spruce stands in the Ardennes as these nutrient‐poor ecosystems were subject to high levels of acid deposition and exhibited symptoms of tree health decline. Between 1978 and 2009, acid deposition declined sharply, especially sulfur and to a lesser extent nitrogen deposition. The aim of this study was (i) to determine if the Norway spruce stands recovered after the reduction of acid deposition and (ii) to explain why such a recovery occurred or not. Therefore, we collected data from different projects carried out in the Ardennes to characterize the long‐term temporal trends in soil solution chemistry, foliar nutrition, and crown condition. In parallel, a model describing the nutrient cycling in forests (NuCM) was calibrated and used to check the consistency of the observed temporal trends and to explain them. The soil solution concentration of most of the elements decreased between 1978 and 2002, which was ascribed to a decrease in atmospheric deposition. For potassium, a decline in the exchangeable pool was also showed based on the simulation carried out with NuCM. As nitrogen (N) deposition remained at an elevated level, Norway spruce stands were progressively saturated in N and mineral nutrition became more and more unbalanced. Except the foliar N and Al concentration that remained constant and increased respectively, the foliar concentration of all other nutrients decreased between 1993 and 2009, which can be explained by the decrease in ion concentration in solution. These nutritional disorders weakened trees and were probably exacerbated during the 2003 summer drought, after which symptoms of vitality loss progressively appeared. In these N‐saturated ecosystems, the N cycle was disrupted by this health decline, which increased NO3− leaching reinforcing soil acidification and risk of aluminum (Al) toxicity.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02550.x
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Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2/009, 1348, Louvain‐la‐Neuve, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: mathieu.jonard@uclouvain.be</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Legout, Arnaud" sort="Legout, Arnaud" uniqKey="Legout A" first="Arnaud" last="Legout">Arnaud Legout</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre INRA de Nancy, Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (UR 1138), 54280, Champenoux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nicolas, Manuel" sort="Nicolas, Manuel" uniqKey="Nicolas M" first="Manuel" last="Nicolas">Manuel Nicolas</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Office National des Forêts, Direction technique et commerciale bois, Département R&D ‐ Bâtiment B, Office National des Forêts, Boulevard de Constance, 77300, Fontainebleau, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dambrine, Etienne" sort="Dambrine, Etienne" uniqKey="Dambrine E" first="Etienne" last="Dambrine">Etienne Dambrine</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre INRA de Nancy, Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (UR 1138), 54280, Champenoux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nys, Claude" sort="Nys, Claude" uniqKey="Nys C" first="Claude" last="Nys">Claude Nys</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre INRA de Nancy, Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (UR 1138), 54280, Champenoux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ulrich, Erwin" sort="Ulrich, Erwin" uniqKey="Ulrich E" first="Erwin" last="Ulrich">Erwin Ulrich</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Office National des Forêts, Direction technique et commerciale bois, Département R&D ‐ Bâtiment B, Office National des Forêts, Boulevard de Constance, 77300, Fontainebleau, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Perre, Raphaele" sort="Van Der Perre, Raphaele" uniqKey="Van Der Perre R" first="Raphaele" last="Van Der Perre">Raphaele Van Der Perre</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2/009, 1348, Louvain‐la‐Neuve, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ponette, Quentin" sort="Ponette, Quentin" uniqKey="Ponette Q" first="Quentin" last="Ponette">Quentin Ponette</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2/009, 1348, Louvain‐la‐Neuve, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Global Change Biology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Glob Change Biol</title><idno type="ISSN">1354-1013</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2486</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2012-02">2012-02</date><biblScope unit="volume">18</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="711">711</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="725">725</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1354-1013</idno></series><idno type="istex">5D35C062C2252991ABEE61E87D27B19F33E062CD</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02550.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">GCB2550</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1354-1013</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Since the late 1970s, several long‐term ecological studies were conducted to better understand the biogeochemical functioning of Norway spruce stands in the Ardennes as these nutrient‐poor ecosystems were subject to high levels of acid deposition and exhibited symptoms of tree health decline. Between 1978 and 2009, acid deposition declined sharply, especially sulfur and to a lesser extent nitrogen deposition. The aim of this study was (i) to determine if the Norway spruce stands recovered after the reduction of acid deposition and (ii) to explain why such a recovery occurred or not. Therefore, we collected data from different projects carried out in the Ardennes to characterize the long‐term temporal trends in soil solution chemistry, foliar nutrition, and crown condition. In parallel, a model describing the nutrient cycling in forests (NuCM) was calibrated and used to check the consistency of the observed temporal trends and to explain them. The soil solution concentration of most of the elements decreased between 1978 and 2002, which was ascribed to a decrease in atmospheric deposition. For potassium, a decline in the exchangeable pool was also showed based on the simulation carried out with NuCM. As nitrogen (N) deposition remained at an elevated level, Norway spruce stands were progressively saturated in N and mineral nutrition became more and more unbalanced. Except the foliar N and Al concentration that remained constant and increased respectively, the foliar concentration of all other nutrients decreased between 1993 and 2009, which can be explained by the decrease in ion concentration in solution. These nutritional disorders weakened trees and were probably exacerbated during the 2003 summer drought, after which symptoms of vitality loss progressively appeared. In these N‐saturated ecosystems, the N cycle was disrupted by this health decline, which increased NO3− leaching reinforcing soil acidification and risk of aluminum (Al) toxicity.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Mathieu Jonard</name><affiliations><json:string>Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2/009, 1348, Louvain‐la‐Neuve, Belgium</json:string><json:string>E-mail: mathieu.jonard@uclouvain.be</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Arnaud Legout</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre INRA de Nancy, Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (UR 1138), 54280, Champenoux, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Manuel Nicolas</name><affiliations><json:string>Office National des Forêts, Direction technique et commerciale bois, Département R&D ‐ Bâtiment B, Office National des Forêts, Boulevard de Constance, 77300, Fontainebleau, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Etienne Dambrine</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre INRA de Nancy, Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (UR 1138), 54280, Champenoux, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Claude Nys</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre INRA de Nancy, Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (UR 1138), 54280, Champenoux, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Erwin Ulrich</name><affiliations><json:string>Office National des Forêts, Direction technique et commerciale bois, Département R&D ‐ Bâtiment B, Office National des Forêts, Boulevard de Constance, 77300, Fontainebleau, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Raphaele van der Perre</name><affiliations><json:string>Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2/009, 1348, Louvain‐la‐Neuve, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Quentin Ponette</name><affiliations><json:string>Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2/009, 1348, Louvain‐la‐Neuve, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>atmospheric deposition</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>crown condition</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>foliar nutrition</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Norway spruce</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>nutrient cycling</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>soil acidification</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>soil solution chemistry</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>tree vitality</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>trend analysis</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>GCB2550</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Since the late 1970s, several long‐term ecological studies were conducted to better understand the biogeochemical functioning of Norway spruce stands in the Ardennes as these nutrient‐poor ecosystems were subject to high levels of acid deposition and exhibited symptoms of tree health decline. Between 1978 and 2009, acid deposition declined sharply, especially sulfur and to a lesser extent nitrogen deposition. The aim of this study was (i) to determine if the Norway spruce stands recovered after the reduction of acid deposition and (ii) to explain why such a recovery occurred or not. Therefore, we collected data from different projects carried out in the Ardennes to characterize the long‐term temporal trends in soil solution chemistry, foliar nutrition, and crown condition. In parallel, a model describing the nutrient cycling in forests (NuCM) was calibrated and used to check the consistency of the observed temporal trends and to explain them. The soil solution concentration of most of the elements decreased between 1978 and 2002, which was ascribed to a decrease in atmospheric deposition. For potassium, a decline in the exchangeable pool was also showed based on the simulation carried out with NuCM. As nitrogen (N) deposition remained at an elevated level, Norway spruce stands were progressively saturated in N and mineral nutrition became more and more unbalanced. Except the foliar N and Al concentration that remained constant and increased respectively, the foliar concentration of all other nutrients decreased between 1993 and 2009, which can be explained by the decrease in ion concentration in solution. These nutritional disorders weakened trees and were probably exacerbated during the 2003 summer drought, after which symptoms of vitality loss progressively appeared. In these N‐saturated ecosystems, the N cycle was disrupted by this health decline, which increased NO3− leaching reinforcing soil acidification and risk of aluminum (Al) toxicity.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 782.362 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1979</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>9999</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>61238</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>15</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>298</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Deterioration of Norway spruce vitality despite a sharp decline in acid deposition: a long‐term integrated perspective</title><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>J Aber</name></json:item><json:item><name>W McDowell</name></json:item><json:item><name>K Nadelhoffer</name></json:item></author><host><volume>48</volume><pages><last>934</last><first>921</first></pages><author></author><title>BioScience</title></host><title>Nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>M Alsheimer</name></json:item><json:item><name>B Kostner</name></json:item><json:item><name>E Falge</name></json:item><json:item><name>JD Tenhunen</name></json:item></author><host><volume>55</volume><pages><last>123</last><first>103</first></pages><author></author><title>Annales des Sciences Forestières</title></host><title>Temporal and spatial variation in transpiration of Norway spruce stands within a forested catchment of the Fichtelgebirge, Germany</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>F André</name></json:item><json:item><name>M Jonard</name></json:item><json:item><name>Q Ponette</name></json:item></author><host><volume>408</volume><pages><last>2294</last><first>2285</first></pages><author></author><title>Science of the Total Environment</title></host><title>Biomass and nutrient content of sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) 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sciences</json:string><json:string>biology</json:string><json:string>ecology</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2012</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2012</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02550.x</json:string></doi><id>5D35C062C2252991ABEE61E87D27B19F33E062CD</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/5D35C062C2252991ABEE61E87D27B19F33E062CD/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/5D35C062C2252991ABEE61E87D27B19F33E062CD/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/5D35C062C2252991ABEE61E87D27B19F33E062CD/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Deterioration of Norway spruce vitality despite a sharp decline in acid deposition: a long‐term integrated perspective</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><availability><p>Copyright © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</p></availability><date>2011-09-29</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>Walloon Region (DGARNE/DNF)</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Deterioration of Norway spruce vitality despite a sharp decline in acid deposition: a long‐term integrated perspective</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Mathieu</forename><surname>Jonard</surname></persName><email>mathieu.jonard@uclouvain.be</email><affiliation>Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2/009, 1348, Louvain‐la‐Neuve, Belgium</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Arnaud</forename><surname>Legout</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre INRA de Nancy, Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (UR 1138), 54280, Champenoux, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Manuel</forename><surname>Nicolas</surname></persName><affiliation>Office National des Forêts, Direction technique et commerciale bois, Département R&D ‐ Bâtiment B, Office National des Forêts, Boulevard de Constance, 77300, Fontainebleau, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Etienne</forename><surname>Dambrine</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre INRA de Nancy, Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (UR 1138), 54280, Champenoux, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Claude</forename><surname>Nys</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre INRA de Nancy, Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (UR 1138), 54280, Champenoux, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Erwin</forename><surname>Ulrich</surname></persName><affiliation>Office National des Forêts, Direction technique et commerciale bois, Département R&D ‐ Bâtiment B, Office National des Forêts, Boulevard de Constance, 77300, Fontainebleau, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-7"><persName><forename type="first">Raphaele</forename><surname>van der Perre</surname></persName><affiliation>Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2/009, 1348, Louvain‐la‐Neuve, Belgium</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-8"><persName><forename type="first">Quentin</forename><surname>Ponette</surname></persName><affiliation>Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2/009, 1348, Louvain‐la‐Neuve, Belgium</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Global Change Biology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Glob Change Biol</title><idno type="pISSN">1354-1013</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2486</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2486</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2012-02"></date><biblScope unit="volume">18</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="711">711</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="725">725</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">5D35C062C2252991ABEE61E87D27B19F33E062CD</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02550.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">GCB2550</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2011-09-29</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Since the late 1970s, several long‐term ecological studies were conducted to better understand the biogeochemical functioning of Norway spruce stands in the Ardennes as these nutrient‐poor ecosystems were subject to high levels of acid deposition and exhibited symptoms of tree health decline. Between 1978 and 2009, acid deposition declined sharply, especially sulfur and to a lesser extent nitrogen deposition. The aim of this study was (i) to determine if the Norway spruce stands recovered after the reduction of acid deposition and (ii) to explain why such a recovery occurred or not. Therefore, we collected data from different projects carried out in the Ardennes to characterize the long‐term temporal trends in soil solution chemistry, foliar nutrition, and crown condition. In parallel, a model describing the nutrient cycling in forests (NuCM) was calibrated and used to check the consistency of the observed temporal trends and to explain them. The soil solution concentration of most of the elements decreased between 1978 and 2002, which was ascribed to a decrease in atmospheric deposition. For potassium, a decline in the exchangeable pool was also showed based on the simulation carried out with NuCM. As nitrogen (N) deposition remained at an elevated level, Norway spruce stands were progressively saturated in N and mineral nutrition became more and more unbalanced. Except the foliar N and Al concentration that remained constant and increased respectively, the foliar concentration of all other nutrients decreased between 1993 and 2009, which can be explained by the decrease in ion concentration in solution. These nutritional disorders weakened trees and were probably exacerbated during the 2003 summer drought, after which symptoms of vitality loss progressively appeared. In these N‐saturated ecosystems, the N cycle was disrupted by this health decline, which increased NO3− leaching reinforcing soil acidification and risk of aluminum (Al) toxicity.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>atmospheric deposition</term></item><item><term>crown condition</term></item><item><term>foliar nutrition</term></item><item><term>Norway spruce</term></item><item><term>nutrient cycling</term></item><item><term>soil acidification</term></item><item><term>soil solution chemistry</term></item><item><term>tree vitality</term></item><item><term>trend analysis</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Primary Research Articles</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2011-03-11">Received</change><change when="2011-09-05">Registration</change><change when="2011-09-29">Created</change><change when="2012-02">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/5D35C062C2252991ABEE61E87D27B19F33E062CD/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:id="gcb2550" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2486</doi><issn type="print">1354-1013</issn><issn type="electronic">1365-2486</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="GCB"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title sort="GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY" type="main">Global Change Biology</title><title type="short">Glob Change Biol</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="20"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/gcb.2011.18.issue-2</doi><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="18">18</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">2</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2012-02">February 2012</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="260" status="forIssue" type="article"><doi>10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02550.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="GCB2550"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count number="15" type="pageTotal"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Primary Research Articles</title><title type="tocHeading1">Primary Research Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</copyright><eventGroup><event date="2011-03-11" type="manuscriptReceived"></event><event date="2011-08-27" type="manuscriptRevised"></event><event date="2011-09-05" type="manuscriptAccepted"></event><event agent="SPS" date="2011-09-29" type="xmlCreated"></event><event agent="SPS" date="2011-11-04" type="xmlCorrected"></event><event type="publishedOnlineAccepted" date="2011-09-23"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2011-10-27"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2012-01-12"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2011-10-27"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-25"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.3.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-02-25"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">711</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">725</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Correspondence: Mathieu Jonard, tel. + 003 210 472 548, fax + 003 210 473 697, e‐mail: <email>mathieu.jonard@uclouvain.be</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:GCB.GCB2550.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="main">Deterioration of <fc>N</fc>orway spruce vitality despite a sharp decline in acid deposition: a long‐term integrated perspective</title><title type="shortAuthors">M. Jonard <i>et al</i>.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator affiliationRef="#gcb2550-aff-0001" corresponding="yes" creatorRole="author" xml:id="gcb2550-cr-0001"><personName><givenNames>Mathieu</givenNames> <familyName>Jonard</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#gcb2550-aff-0002" creatorRole="author" xml:id="gcb2550-cr-0002"><personName><givenNames>Arnaud</givenNames> <familyName>Legout</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#gcb2550-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="gcb2550-cr-0003"><personName><givenNames>Manuel</givenNames> <familyName>Nicolas</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#gcb2550-aff-0002" creatorRole="author" xml:id="gcb2550-cr-0004"><personName><givenNames>Etienne</givenNames> <familyName>Dambrine</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#gcb2550-aff-0002" creatorRole="author" xml:id="gcb2550-cr-0005"><personName><givenNames>Claude</givenNames> <familyName>Nys</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#gcb2550-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="gcb2550-cr-0006"><personName><givenNames>Erwin</givenNames> <familyName>Ulrich</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#gcb2550-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="gcb2550-cr-0007"><personName><givenNames>Raphaele</givenNames><familyNamePrefix>van der</familyNamePrefix> <familyName>Perre</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#gcb2550-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="gcb2550-cr-0008"><personName><givenNames>Quentin</givenNames> <familyName>Ponette</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="BE" type="organization" xml:id="gcb2550-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences</orgDiv> <orgName>Université catholique de Louvain</orgName> <address><street>Croix du sud 2/009</street> <postCode>1348</postCode> <city>Louvain‐la‐Neuve</city> <country>Belgium</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="FR" type="organization" xml:id="gcb2550-aff-0002"><orgDiv>Centre INRA de Nancy</orgDiv> <orgName>Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (UR 1138)</orgName> <address><postCode>54280</postCode> <city>Champenoux</city> <country>France</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="FR" type="organization" xml:id="gcb2550-aff-0003"><orgDiv>Office National des Forêts, Direction technique et commerciale bois</orgDiv> <orgDiv>Département R&D ‐ Bâtiment B</orgDiv> <orgName>Office National des Forêts</orgName> <address><street>Boulevard de Constance</street> <postCode>77300</postCode> <city>Fontainebleau</city> <country>France</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="gcb2550-kwd-0001">atmospheric deposition</keyword><keyword xml:id="gcb2550-kwd-0002">crown condition</keyword><keyword xml:id="gcb2550-kwd-0003">foliar nutrition</keyword><keyword xml:id="gcb2550-kwd-0004"><fc>N</fc>orway spruce</keyword><keyword xml:id="gcb2550-kwd-0005">nutrient cycling</keyword><keyword xml:id="gcb2550-kwd-0006">soil acidification</keyword><keyword xml:id="gcb2550-kwd-0007">soil solution chemistry</keyword><keyword xml:id="gcb2550-kwd-0008">tree vitality</keyword><keyword xml:id="gcb2550-kwd-0009">trend analysis</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Walloon Region (DGARNE/DNF)</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:id="gcb2550-abs-0001"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Since the late 1970s, several long‐term ecological studies were conducted to better understand the biogeochemical functioning of <fc>N</fc>orway spruce stands in the <fc>A</fc>rdennes as these nutrient‐poor ecosystems were subject to high levels of acid deposition and exhibited symptoms of tree health decline. Between 1978 and 2009, acid deposition declined sharply, especially sulfur and to a lesser extent nitrogen deposition. The aim of this study was (i) to determine if the <fc>N</fc>orway spruce stands recovered after the reduction of acid deposition and (ii) to explain why such a recovery occurred or not. Therefore, we collected data from different projects carried out in the <fc>A</fc>rdennes to characterize the long‐term temporal trends in soil solution chemistry, foliar nutrition, and crown condition. In parallel, a model describing the nutrient cycling in forests (Nu<fc>CM</fc>) was calibrated and used to check the consistency of the observed temporal trends and to explain them. The soil solution concentration of most of the elements decreased between 1978 and 2002, which was ascribed to a decrease in atmospheric deposition. For potassium, a decline in the exchangeable pool was also showed based on the simulation carried out with Nu<fc>CM</fc>. As nitrogen (N) deposition remained at an elevated level, <fc>N</fc>orway spruce stands were progressively saturated in N and mineral nutrition became more and more unbalanced. Except the foliar N and Al concentration that remained constant and increased respectively, the foliar concentration of all other nutrients decreased between 1993 and 2009, which can be explained by the decrease in ion concentration in solution. These nutritional disorders weakened trees and were probably exacerbated during the 2003 summer drought, after which symptoms of vitality loss progressively appeared. In these N‐saturated ecosystems, the N cycle was disrupted by this health decline, which increased <fc>NO</fc><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> leaching reinforcing soil acidification and risk of aluminum (Al) toxicity.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Deterioration of Norway spruce vitality despite a sharp decline in acid deposition: a long‐term integrated perspective</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Deterioration of Norway spruce vitality despite a sharp decline in acid deposition: a long‐term integrated perspective</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mathieu</namePart><namePart type="family">Jonard</namePart><affiliation>Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2/009, 1348, Louvain‐la‐Neuve, Belgium</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: mathieu.jonard@uclouvain.be</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Arnaud</namePart><namePart type="family">Legout</namePart><affiliation>Centre INRA de Nancy, Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (UR 1138), 54280, Champenoux, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Manuel</namePart><namePart type="family">Nicolas</namePart><affiliation>Office National des Forêts, Direction technique et commerciale bois, Département R&D ‐ Bâtiment B, Office National des Forêts, Boulevard de Constance, 77300, Fontainebleau, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Etienne</namePart><namePart type="family">Dambrine</namePart><affiliation>Centre INRA de Nancy, Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (UR 1138), 54280, Champenoux, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Claude</namePart><namePart type="family">Nys</namePart><affiliation>Centre INRA de Nancy, Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (UR 1138), 54280, Champenoux, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Erwin</namePart><namePart type="family">Ulrich</namePart><affiliation>Office National des Forêts, Direction technique et commerciale bois, Département R&D ‐ Bâtiment B, Office National des Forêts, Boulevard de Constance, 77300, Fontainebleau, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Raphaele</namePart><namePart type="family">van der Perre</namePart><affiliation>Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2/009, 1348, Louvain‐la‐Neuve, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Quentin</namePart><namePart type="family">Ponette</namePart><affiliation>Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2/009, 1348, Louvain‐la‐Neuve, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2012-02</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2011-09-29</dateCreated><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2011-03-11</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2011-09-05</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2012</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>Since the late 1970s, several long‐term ecological studies were conducted to better understand the biogeochemical functioning of Norway spruce stands in the Ardennes as these nutrient‐poor ecosystems were subject to high levels of acid deposition and exhibited symptoms of tree health decline. Between 1978 and 2009, acid deposition declined sharply, especially sulfur and to a lesser extent nitrogen deposition. The aim of this study was (i) to determine if the Norway spruce stands recovered after the reduction of acid deposition and (ii) to explain why such a recovery occurred or not. Therefore, we collected data from different projects carried out in the Ardennes to characterize the long‐term temporal trends in soil solution chemistry, foliar nutrition, and crown condition. In parallel, a model describing the nutrient cycling in forests (NuCM) was calibrated and used to check the consistency of the observed temporal trends and to explain them. The soil solution concentration of most of the elements decreased between 1978 and 2002, which was ascribed to a decrease in atmospheric deposition. For potassium, a decline in the exchangeable pool was also showed based on the simulation carried out with NuCM. As nitrogen (N) deposition remained at an elevated level, Norway spruce stands were progressively saturated in N and mineral nutrition became more and more unbalanced. Except the foliar N and Al concentration that remained constant and increased respectively, the foliar concentration of all other nutrients decreased between 1993 and 2009, which can be explained by the decrease in ion concentration in solution. These nutritional disorders weakened trees and were probably exacerbated during the 2003 summer drought, after which symptoms of vitality loss progressively appeared. In these N‐saturated ecosystems, the N cycle was disrupted by this health decline, which increased NO3− leaching reinforcing soil acidification and risk of aluminum (Al) toxicity.</abstract><note type="funding">Walloon Region (DGARNE/DNF)</note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>atmospheric deposition</topic><topic>crown condition</topic><topic>foliar nutrition</topic><topic>Norway spruce</topic><topic>nutrient cycling</topic><topic>soil acidification</topic><topic>soil solution chemistry</topic><topic>tree vitality</topic><topic>trend analysis</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Global Change Biology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Glob Change Biol</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Primary Research Articles</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1354-1013</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1365-2486</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2486</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">GCB</identifier><part><date>2012</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>711</start><end>725</end><total>15</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">5D35C062C2252991ABEE61E87D27B19F33E062CD</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02550.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">GCB2550</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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