Methodologies for soil erosion and land degradation assessment in mediterranean‐type ecosystems
Identifieur interne : 001B16 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001B15; suivant : 001B17Methodologies for soil erosion and land degradation assessment in mediterranean‐type ecosystems
Auteurs : J. B. RiesSource :
- Land Degradation & Development [ 1085-3278 ] ; 2010-03.
English descriptors
Abstract
The detection of spatial distribution and temporal development of soil erosion processes and forms on abandoned land still represents a great scientific challenge. Abandoned fields as a result of land use changes during the past century can frequently be found in the Mediterranean. The former fields are generally used for grazing and therefore are highly complex concerning the variability of soil erosion processes. A three‐step research method is used for assessment and evaluation of soil erosion processes. By means of rainfall simulations, test plot monitoring and large‐scale aerial photography, erosion processes are quantified and scenarios are presented for three test sites in northeast Spain. With a large‐scale test plot monitoring the development of soil erosion processes can be evaluated. Areas with predominantly increasing soil erosion activity are classified as unstable, whereas areas with unchanged or decreasing soil erosion activity are classified as vulnerable or stable. Forty to 70 years after abandonment and change to grazing all observed test areas show a progressive degradation. The proportion of unstable areas reaches around 50 per cent. The extension of unstable areas, characterised by a combination of increasing erosion activity and decreasing vegetation cover, is highest within the semi‐arid Ebro Basin reaching 29 per cent of the whole area. Dense vegetation cover does not always correlate with stability in erosion and increase in cover does not generally lead to a stabilisation of erosion processes. Even under increasing vegetation cover of more than 60 per cent high erosion and runoff rates are possible particularly in connected rills and on sheep trails. Therefore, grazing on abandoned fields is the critical factor leading to further degradation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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DOI: 10.1002/ldr.943
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Ries</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physical Geography, Trier University, D‐54286 Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physical Geography, Trier University, D‐54286 Trier, Germany.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:80D59E768F171BF7DAE6D6D0A5891EA676A36CCC</idno><date when="2010" year="2010">2010</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/ldr.943</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/80D59E768F171BF7DAE6D6D0A5891EA676A36CCC/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001B16</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001B16</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Methodologies for soil erosion and land degradation assessment in mediterranean‐type ecosystems</title><author><name sortKey="Ries, J B" sort="Ries, J B" uniqKey="Ries J" first="J. B." last="Ries">J. B. Ries</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physical Geography, Trier University, D‐54286 Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physical Geography, Trier University, D‐54286 Trier, Germany.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Land Degradation & Development</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Land Degrad. Dev.</title><idno type="ISSN">1085-3278</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-145X</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-03">2010-03</date><biblScope unit="volume">21</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="171">171</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="187">187</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1085-3278</idno></series><idno type="istex">80D59E768F171BF7DAE6D6D0A5891EA676A36CCC</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/ldr.943</idno><idno type="ArticleID">LDR943</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1085-3278</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>abandoned fields</term><term>land degradation</term><term>sheep trails</term><term>soil erosion</term><term>vegetation cover</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The detection of spatial distribution and temporal development of soil erosion processes and forms on abandoned land still represents a great scientific challenge. Abandoned fields as a result of land use changes during the past century can frequently be found in the Mediterranean. The former fields are generally used for grazing and therefore are highly complex concerning the variability of soil erosion processes. A three‐step research method is used for assessment and evaluation of soil erosion processes. By means of rainfall simulations, test plot monitoring and large‐scale aerial photography, erosion processes are quantified and scenarios are presented for three test sites in northeast Spain. With a large‐scale test plot monitoring the development of soil erosion processes can be evaluated. Areas with predominantly increasing soil erosion activity are classified as unstable, whereas areas with unchanged or decreasing soil erosion activity are classified as vulnerable or stable. Forty to 70 years after abandonment and change to grazing all observed test areas show a progressive degradation. The proportion of unstable areas reaches around 50 per cent. The extension of unstable areas, characterised by a combination of increasing erosion activity and decreasing vegetation cover, is highest within the semi‐arid Ebro Basin reaching 29 per cent of the whole area. Dense vegetation cover does not always correlate with stability in erosion and increase in cover does not generally lead to a stabilisation of erosion processes. Even under increasing vegetation cover of more than 60 per cent high erosion and runoff rates are possible particularly in connected rills and on sheep trails. Therefore, grazing on abandoned fields is the critical factor leading to further degradation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>J. B. Ries</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Physical Geography, Trier University, D‐54286 Trier, Germany</json:string><json:string>Department of Physical Geography, Trier University, D‐54286 Trier, Germany.</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>land degradation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>abandoned fields</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>soil erosion</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>vegetation cover</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>sheep trails</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>LDR943</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The detection of spatial distribution and temporal development of soil erosion processes and forms on abandoned land still represents a great scientific challenge. Abandoned fields as a result of land use changes during the past century can frequently be found in the Mediterranean. The former fields are generally used for grazing and therefore are highly complex concerning the variability of soil erosion processes. A three‐step research method is used for assessment and evaluation of soil erosion processes. By means of rainfall simulations, test plot monitoring and large‐scale aerial photography, erosion processes are quantified and scenarios are presented for three test sites in northeast Spain. With a large‐scale test plot monitoring the development of soil erosion processes can be evaluated. Areas with predominantly increasing soil erosion activity are classified as unstable, whereas areas with unchanged or decreasing soil erosion activity are classified as vulnerable or stable. Forty to 70 years after abandonment and change to grazing all observed test areas show a progressive degradation. The proportion of unstable areas reaches around 50 per cent. The extension of unstable areas, characterised by a combination of increasing erosion activity and decreasing vegetation cover, is highest within the semi‐arid Ebro Basin reaching 29 per cent of the whole area. Dense vegetation cover does not always correlate with stability in erosion and increase in cover does not generally lead to a stabilisation of erosion processes. Even under increasing vegetation cover of more than 60 per cent high erosion and runoff rates are possible particularly in connected rills and on sheep trails. Therefore, grazing on abandoned fields is the critical factor leading to further degradation. 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B.</forename><surname>Ries</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Physical Geography, Trier University, D‐54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Physical Geography, Trier University, D‐54286 Trier, Germany.</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Land Degradation & Development</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Land Degrad. Dev.</title><idno type="pISSN">1085-3278</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-145X</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-145X</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-03"></date><biblScope unit="volume">21</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="171">171</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="187">187</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">80D59E768F171BF7DAE6D6D0A5891EA676A36CCC</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/ldr.943</idno><idno type="ArticleID">LDR943</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2010</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The detection of spatial distribution and temporal development of soil erosion processes and forms on abandoned land still represents a great scientific challenge. Abandoned fields as a result of land use changes during the past century can frequently be found in the Mediterranean. The former fields are generally used for grazing and therefore are highly complex concerning the variability of soil erosion processes. A three‐step research method is used for assessment and evaluation of soil erosion processes. By means of rainfall simulations, test plot monitoring and large‐scale aerial photography, erosion processes are quantified and scenarios are presented for three test sites in northeast Spain. With a large‐scale test plot monitoring the development of soil erosion processes can be evaluated. Areas with predominantly increasing soil erosion activity are classified as unstable, whereas areas with unchanged or decreasing soil erosion activity are classified as vulnerable or stable. Forty to 70 years after abandonment and change to grazing all observed test areas show a progressive degradation. The proportion of unstable areas reaches around 50 per cent. The extension of unstable areas, characterised by a combination of increasing erosion activity and decreasing vegetation cover, is highest within the semi‐arid Ebro Basin reaching 29 per cent of the whole area. Dense vegetation cover does not always correlate with stability in erosion and increase in cover does not generally lead to a stabilisation of erosion processes. Even under increasing vegetation cover of more than 60 per cent high erosion and runoff rates are possible particularly in connected rills and on sheep trails. Therefore, grazing on abandoned fields is the critical factor leading to further degradation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>land degradation</term></item><item><term>abandoned fields</term></item><item><term>soil erosion</term></item><item><term>vegetation cover</term></item><item><term>sheep trails</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Research Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2008-11-06">Received</change><change when="2009-06-26">Registration</change><change when="2010-03">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/80D59E768F171BF7DAE6D6D0A5891EA676A36CCC/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisherName><publisherLoc>Chichester, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-145X</doi><issn type="print">1085-3278</issn><issn type="electronic">1099-145X</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="LDR"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="LAND DEGRADATION AND DEVELOPMENT">Land Degradation & Development</title><title type="short">Land Degrad. 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B.</givenNames><familyName>Ries</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="riesj@uni-trier.de">riesj@uni‐trier.de</email></contactDetails></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Physical Geography, Trier University, D‐54286 Trier, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">land degradation</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">abandoned fields</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">soil erosion</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">vegetation cover</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">sheep trails</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>Ri‐835/1‐3</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>The detection of spatial distribution and temporal development of soil erosion processes and forms on abandoned land still represents a great scientific challenge. Abandoned fields as a result of land use changes during the past century can frequently be found in the Mediterranean. The former fields are generally used for grazing and therefore are highly complex concerning the variability of soil erosion processes.</p><p>A three‐step research method is used for assessment and evaluation of soil erosion processes. By means of rainfall simulations, test plot monitoring and large‐scale aerial photography, erosion processes are quantified and scenarios are presented for three test sites in northeast Spain.</p><p>With a large‐scale test plot monitoring the development of soil erosion processes can be evaluated. Areas with predominantly increasing soil erosion activity are classified as unstable, whereas areas with unchanged or decreasing soil erosion activity are classified as vulnerable or stable. Forty to 70 years after abandonment and change to grazing all observed test areas show a progressive degradation. The proportion of unstable areas reaches around 50 per cent. The extension of unstable areas, characterised by a combination of increasing erosion activity and decreasing vegetation cover, is highest within the semi‐arid Ebro Basin reaching 29 per cent of the whole area. Dense vegetation cover does not always correlate with stability in erosion and increase in cover does not generally lead to a stabilisation of erosion processes. Even under increasing vegetation cover of more than 60 per cent high erosion and runoff rates are possible particularly in connected rills and on sheep trails. Therefore, grazing on abandoned fields is the critical factor leading to further degradation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Methodologies for soil erosion and land degradation assessment in mediterranean‐type ecosystems</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>METHODOLOGIES FOR SOIL EROSION ASSESSMENT</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Methodologies for soil erosion and land degradation assessment in mediterranean‐type ecosystems</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ries</namePart><affiliation>Department of Physical Geography, Trier University, D‐54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Physical Geography, Trier University, D‐54286 Trier, Germany.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Chichester, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-03</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2008-11-06</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2009-06-26</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">10</extent><extent unit="tables">2</extent><extent unit="references">60</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The detection of spatial distribution and temporal development of soil erosion processes and forms on abandoned land still represents a great scientific challenge. Abandoned fields as a result of land use changes during the past century can frequently be found in the Mediterranean. The former fields are generally used for grazing and therefore are highly complex concerning the variability of soil erosion processes. A three‐step research method is used for assessment and evaluation of soil erosion processes. By means of rainfall simulations, test plot monitoring and large‐scale aerial photography, erosion processes are quantified and scenarios are presented for three test sites in northeast Spain. With a large‐scale test plot monitoring the development of soil erosion processes can be evaluated. Areas with predominantly increasing soil erosion activity are classified as unstable, whereas areas with unchanged or decreasing soil erosion activity are classified as vulnerable or stable. Forty to 70 years after abandonment and change to grazing all observed test areas show a progressive degradation. The proportion of unstable areas reaches around 50 per cent. The extension of unstable areas, characterised by a combination of increasing erosion activity and decreasing vegetation cover, is highest within the semi‐arid Ebro Basin reaching 29 per cent of the whole area. Dense vegetation cover does not always correlate with stability in erosion and increase in cover does not generally lead to a stabilisation of erosion processes. Even under increasing vegetation cover of more than 60 per cent high erosion and runoff rates are possible particularly in connected rills and on sheep trails. Therefore, grazing on abandoned fields is the critical factor leading to further degradation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><note type="funding">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - No. Ri‐835/1‐3; </note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>land degradation</topic><topic>abandoned fields</topic><topic>soil erosion</topic><topic>vegetation cover</topic><topic>sheep trails</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Land Degradation & Development</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Land Degrad. 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