Beyond the Big Five
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Auteurs : Peter BeckerSource :
- Personality and Individual Differences [ 0191-8869 ] ; 1999.
Abstract
This article aims at a discussion of three controversial issues about the Big Five (1) Is the five-factor model comprehensive? (2) How should the amount of variance accounted for by the Big Five be measured? (3) Are the Big Five orthogonal and do they represent the highest hierarchical level of personality description? Subjects were 115 men and women in the age range from 20 to 63years. They answered three Big Five measures (1) a German version of the NEO-FFI, (2) 45 bipolar ratings scales, developed by Ostendorf [Ostendorf, F. (1990). Sprache und Persönlichkeitsstruktur. Zur Validität des Fünf-Faktoren-Modells. [Language and the structure of personality. About the validity of the Five-Factor-Model]. Regensburg: Roderer.], (3) the Hamburg personality inventory, developed by Andresen [Andresen, B. (1995). Risikobereitschaft (R): der sechste Basisfaktor der Persönlichkeit: Konvergenz multivariater Studien und Konstruktexplikation. [Risk preference (R): the sixth basic factor of personality: convergence of multivariate studies and construct explication], Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 16, 210–236.], as well as the Trier personality inventory, developed by Becker [Becker, P. (1989). Der Trierer Persönlichkeitsfragebogen TPF. Handanweisung. [The Trier personality inventory. TPI. Manual]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.] and the Trier behavior control inventory, developed by Becker [Becker, P. (1995). Seelische Gesundheit und Verhaltenskontrolle. Eine integrative Persönlichkeitstheorie und ihre klinische Anwendung. [Mental health and behavior control. An integrative personality theory and its clinical application]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.]. The results of several factor analyses lead to the following conclusions (1) The five-factor model is not comprehensive. At least a sixth factor hedonism/spontaneity can be replicated. (2) The Big Five and the six first-order factors are not orthogonal but oblique so that two higher-order factors (the Big Two), labelled mental health and behavior control, can be found. The loadings of the 33 basic variables and of the six first-order factors on the Big Two have a circumplex structure.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00168-8
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(2) How should the amount of variance accounted for by the Big Five be measured? (3) Are the Big Five orthogonal and do they represent the highest hierarchical level of personality description? Subjects were 115 men and women in the age range from 20 to 63years. They answered three Big Five measures (1) a German version of the NEO-FFI, (2) 45 bipolar ratings scales, developed by Ostendorf [Ostendorf, F. (1990). Sprache und Persönlichkeitsstruktur. Zur Validität des Fünf-Faktoren-Modells. [Language and the structure of personality. About the validity of the Five-Factor-Model]. Regensburg: Roderer.], (3) the Hamburg personality inventory, developed by Andresen [Andresen, B. (1995). Risikobereitschaft (R): der sechste Basisfaktor der Persönlichkeit: Konvergenz multivariater Studien und Konstruktexplikation. [Risk preference (R): the sixth basic factor of personality: convergence of multivariate studies and construct explication], Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 16, 210–236.], as well as the Trier personality inventory, developed by Becker [Becker, P. (1989). Der Trierer Persönlichkeitsfragebogen TPF. Handanweisung. [The Trier personality inventory. TPI. Manual]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.] and the Trier behavior control inventory, developed by Becker [Becker, P. (1995). Seelische Gesundheit und Verhaltenskontrolle. Eine integrative Persönlichkeitstheorie und ihre klinische Anwendung. [Mental health and behavior control. An integrative personality theory and its clinical application]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.]. The results of several factor analyses lead to the following conclusions (1) The five-factor model is not comprehensive. At least a sixth factor hedonism/spontaneity can be replicated. (2) The Big Five and the six first-order factors are not orthogonal but oblique so that two higher-order factors (the Big Two), labelled mental health and behavior control, can be found. The loadings of the 33 basic variables and of the six first-order factors on the Big Two have a circumplex structure.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Peter Becker</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Psychology, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>behavior control</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>big two</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>factor analysis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>five-factor model of personality</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>hedonism</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>mental health</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>personality traits</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>work-orientation</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>This article aims at a discussion of three controversial issues about the Big Five (1) Is the five-factor model comprehensive? (2) How should the amount of variance accounted for by the Big Five be measured? (3) Are the Big Five orthogonal and do they represent the highest hierarchical level of personality description? Subjects were 115 men and women in the age range from 20 to 63years. They answered three Big Five measures (1) a German version of the NEO-FFI, (2) 45 bipolar ratings scales, developed by Ostendorf [Ostendorf, F. (1990). Sprache und Persönlichkeitsstruktur. Zur Validität des Fünf-Faktoren-Modells. [Language and the structure of personality. About the validity of the Five-Factor-Model]. Regensburg: Roderer.], (3) the Hamburg personality inventory, developed by Andresen [Andresen, B. (1995). Risikobereitschaft (R): der sechste Basisfaktor der Persönlichkeit: Konvergenz multivariater Studien und Konstruktexplikation. [Risk preference (R): the sixth basic factor of personality: convergence of multivariate studies and construct explication], Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 16, 210–236.], as well as the Trier personality inventory, developed by Becker [Becker, P. (1989). Der Trierer Persönlichkeitsfragebogen TPF. Handanweisung. [The Trier personality inventory. TPI. Manual]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.] and the Trier behavior control inventory, developed by Becker [Becker, P. (1995). Seelische Gesundheit und Verhaltenskontrolle. Eine integrative Persönlichkeitstheorie und ihre klinische Anwendung. [Mental health and behavior control. An integrative personality theory and its clinical application]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.]. The results of several factor analyses lead to the following conclusions (1) The five-factor model is not comprehensive. At least a sixth factor hedonism/spontaneity can be replicated. (2) The Big Five and the six first-order factors are not orthogonal but oblique so that two higher-order factors (the Big Two), labelled mental health and behavior control, can be found. The loadings of the 33 basic variables and of the six first-order factors on the Big Two have a circumplex structure.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595 x 842 pts (A4)</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>8</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>2167</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>6722</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>46442</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>20</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>301</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Beyond the Big Five</title><pii><json:string>S0191-8869(98)00168-8</json:string></pii><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>B Andresen</name></json:item></author><host><volume>16</volume><pages><last>236</last><first>210</first></pages><author></author><title>Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie</title></host><title>Risikobereitschaft (R): der sechste Basisfaktor der Persönlichkeit: Konvergenz multivariater Studien und Konstruktexplikation. 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parameters?</title></json:item><json:item><host><author></author></host></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>26</volume><pii><json:string>S0191-8869(00)X0047-5</json:string></pii><pages><last>530</last><first>511</first></pages><issn><json:string>0191-8869</json:string></issn><issue>3</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Personality and Individual Differences</title><publicationDate>1999</publicationDate></host><categories><wos><json:string>social science</json:string><json:string>psychology, social</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>health sciences</json:string><json:string>psychology & cognitive sciences</json:string><json:string>social psychology</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>1999</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1999</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00168-8</json:string></doi><id>3AA0C95F8138FAAF7E2ABFC4F8898E7BE5093D23</id><score>2.1021218</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/3AA0C95F8138FAAF7E2ABFC4F8898E7BE5093D23/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/3AA0C95F8138FAAF7E2ABFC4F8898E7BE5093D23/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/3AA0C95F8138FAAF7E2ABFC4F8898E7BE5093D23/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">Beyond the Big Five</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>©1999 Elsevier Science B.V.</p></availability><date>1999</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">Fig. 1: A circumplex model of personality with eight octants. Note: Variables used in the present study are in italics. Big Five variables have an asterisk.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Intercorrelations and Cronbach's alphas (in brackets) of the scales of three Big Five instruments (N=105)</note><note type="content">Table 2: Intercorrelations and (adjusted) squared multiple correlations of the scales of five personality inventories (N=105)</note><note type="content">Table 3: Varimax rotated loadings on five principal components (N=105)</note><note type="content">Table 4: Oblimin rotated loadings on six common factors (N=105)</note><note type="content">Table 5: Oblimin rotated loadings of 18 scales on six common factors (N=105)</note><note type="content">Table 6: Intercorrelations of the estimated scores in the six Oblimin rotated common factors (Big Six) (N=105)</note><note type="content">Table 7: Varimax rotated loadings of six first-order factor (Big Six) on two second-order common factors (Big Two) (N=105)</note><note type="content">Table 8: Factor loadings on the first two orthogonal common factors of a six-factor solution (N=105)</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Beyond the Big Five</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Peter</forename><surname>Becker</surname></persName><affiliation>To whom all correspondence should be addressed</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Personality and Individual Differences</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">PAID</title><idno type="pISSN">0191-8869</idno><idno type="PII">S0191-8869(00)X0047-5</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1999"></date><biblScope unit="volume">26</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="511">511</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="530">530</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">3AA0C95F8138FAAF7E2ABFC4F8898E7BE5093D23</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00168-8</idno><idno type="PII">S0191-8869(98)00168-8</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1999</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article aims at a discussion of three controversial issues about the Big Five (1) Is the five-factor model comprehensive? (2) How should the amount of variance accounted for by the Big Five be measured? (3) Are the Big Five orthogonal and do they represent the highest hierarchical level of personality description? Subjects were 115 men and women in the age range from 20 to 63years. They answered three Big Five measures (1) a German version of the NEO-FFI, (2) 45 bipolar ratings scales, developed by Ostendorf [Ostendorf, F. (1990). Sprache und Persönlichkeitsstruktur. Zur Validität des Fünf-Faktoren-Modells. [Language and the structure of personality. About the validity of the Five-Factor-Model]. Regensburg: Roderer.], (3) the Hamburg personality inventory, developed by Andresen [Andresen, B. (1995). Risikobereitschaft (R): der sechste Basisfaktor der Persönlichkeit: Konvergenz multivariater Studien und Konstruktexplikation. [Risk preference (R): the sixth basic factor of personality: convergence of multivariate studies and construct explication], Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 16, 210–236.], as well as the Trier personality inventory, developed by Becker [Becker, P. (1989). Der Trierer Persönlichkeitsfragebogen TPF. Handanweisung. [The Trier personality inventory. TPI. Manual]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.] and the Trier behavior control inventory, developed by Becker [Becker, P. (1995). Seelische Gesundheit und Verhaltenskontrolle. Eine integrative Persönlichkeitstheorie und ihre klinische Anwendung. [Mental health and behavior control. An integrative personality theory and its clinical application]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.]. The results of several factor analyses lead to the following conclusions (1) The five-factor model is not comprehensive. At least a sixth factor hedonism/spontaneity can be replicated. (2) The Big Five and the six first-order factors are not orthogonal but oblique so that two higher-order factors (the Big Two), labelled mental health and behavior control, can be found. The loadings of the 33 basic variables and of the six first-order factors on the Big Two have a circumplex structure.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>behavior control</term></item><item><term>big two</term></item><item><term>factor analysis</term></item><item><term>five-factor model of personality</term></item><item><term>hedonism</term></item><item><term>mental health</term></item><item><term>personality traits</term></item><item><term>work-orientation</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1999">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/3AA0C95F8138FAAF7E2ABFC4F8898E7BE5093D23/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>PAID</jid><aid>1386</aid><ce:pii>S0191-8869(98)00168-8</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00168-8</ce:doi><ce:copyright year="1999" type="full-transfer">Elsevier Science B.V.</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Beyond the Big Five</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Peter</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Becker</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="CORR1">*</ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation><ce:textfn>Department of Psychology, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="CORR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>To whom all correspondence should be addressed</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="22" month="1" year="1998"></ce:date-received><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>This article aims at a discussion of three controversial issues about the Big Five (1) Is the five-factor model comprehensive? (2) How should the amount of variance accounted for by the Big Five be measured? (3) Are the Big Five orthogonal and do they represent the highest hierarchical level of personality description? Subjects were 115 men and women in the age range from 20 to 63<ce:hsp sp="0.25"></ce:hsp>years. They answered three Big Five measures (1) a German version of the NEO-FFI, (2) 45 bipolar ratings scales, developed by Ostendorf [Ostendorf, F. (1990). <ce:italic>Sprache und Persönlichkeitsstruktur. Zur Validität des Fünf-Faktoren-Modells</ce:italic>. [Language and the structure of personality. About the validity of the Five-Factor-Model]. Regensburg: Roderer.], (3) the Hamburg personality inventory, developed by Andresen [Andresen, B. (1995). Risikobereitschaft (R): der sechste Basisfaktor der Persönlichkeit: Konvergenz multivariater Studien und Konstruktexplikation. [Risk preference (R): the sixth basic factor of personality: convergence of multivariate studies and construct explication], <ce:italic>Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>16</ce:italic>, 210–236.], as well as the Trier personality inventory, developed by Becker [Becker, P. (1989). <ce:italic>Der Trierer Persönlichkeitsfragebogen TPF. Handanweisung</ce:italic>. [The Trier personality inventory. TPI. Manual]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.] and the Trier behavior control inventory, developed by Becker [Becker, P. (1995). <ce:italic>Seelische Gesundheit und Verhaltenskontrolle. Eine integrative Persönlichkeitstheorie und ihre klinische Anwendung</ce:italic>. [Mental health and behavior control. An integrative personality theory and its clinical application]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.]. The results of several factor analyses lead to the following conclusions (1) The five-factor model is not comprehensive. At least a sixth factor hedonism/spontaneity can be replicated. (2) The Big Five and the six first-order factors are not orthogonal but oblique so that two higher-order factors (the Big Two), labelled mental health and behavior control, can be found. The loadings of the 33 basic variables and of the six first-order factors on the Big Two have a circumplex structure.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>behavior control</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>big two</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>factor analysis</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>five-factor model of personality</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>hedonism</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>mental health</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>personality traits</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>work-orientation</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Beyond the Big Five</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Beyond the Big Five</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Peter</namePart><namePart type="family">Becker</namePart><affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation><description>To whom all correspondence should be addressed</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1999</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1999</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">This article aims at a discussion of three controversial issues about the Big Five (1) Is the five-factor model comprehensive? (2) How should the amount of variance accounted for by the Big Five be measured? (3) Are the Big Five orthogonal and do they represent the highest hierarchical level of personality description? Subjects were 115 men and women in the age range from 20 to 63years. They answered three Big Five measures (1) a German version of the NEO-FFI, (2) 45 bipolar ratings scales, developed by Ostendorf [Ostendorf, F. (1990). Sprache und Persönlichkeitsstruktur. Zur Validität des Fünf-Faktoren-Modells. [Language and the structure of personality. About the validity of the Five-Factor-Model]. Regensburg: Roderer.], (3) the Hamburg personality inventory, developed by Andresen [Andresen, B. (1995). Risikobereitschaft (R): der sechste Basisfaktor der Persönlichkeit: Konvergenz multivariater Studien und Konstruktexplikation. [Risk preference (R): the sixth basic factor of personality: convergence of multivariate studies and construct explication], Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 16, 210–236.], as well as the Trier personality inventory, developed by Becker [Becker, P. (1989). Der Trierer Persönlichkeitsfragebogen TPF. Handanweisung. [The Trier personality inventory. TPI. Manual]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.] and the Trier behavior control inventory, developed by Becker [Becker, P. (1995). Seelische Gesundheit und Verhaltenskontrolle. Eine integrative Persönlichkeitstheorie und ihre klinische Anwendung. [Mental health and behavior control. An integrative personality theory and its clinical application]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.]. The results of several factor analyses lead to the following conclusions (1) The five-factor model is not comprehensive. At least a sixth factor hedonism/spontaneity can be replicated. (2) The Big Five and the six first-order factors are not orthogonal but oblique so that two higher-order factors (the Big Two), labelled mental health and behavior control, can be found. The loadings of the 33 basic variables and of the six first-order factors on the Big Two have a circumplex structure.</abstract><note type="content">Fig. 1: A circumplex model of personality with eight octants. Note: Variables used in the present study are in italics. Big Five variables have an asterisk.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Intercorrelations and Cronbach's alphas (in brackets) of the scales of three Big Five instruments (N=105)</note><note type="content">Table 2: Intercorrelations and (adjusted) squared multiple correlations of the scales of five personality inventories (N=105)</note><note type="content">Table 3: Varimax rotated loadings on five principal components (N=105)</note><note type="content">Table 4: Oblimin rotated loadings on six common factors (N=105)</note><note type="content">Table 5: Oblimin rotated loadings of 18 scales on six common factors (N=105)</note><note type="content">Table 6: Intercorrelations of the estimated scores in the six Oblimin rotated common factors (Big Six) (N=105)</note><note type="content">Table 7: Varimax rotated loadings of six first-order factor (Big Six) on two second-order common factors (Big Two) (N=105)</note><note type="content">Table 8: Factor loadings on the first two orthogonal common factors of a six-factor solution (N=105)</note><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>behavior control</topic><topic>big two</topic><topic>factor analysis</topic><topic>five-factor model of personality</topic><topic>hedonism</topic><topic>mental health</topic><topic>personality traits</topic><topic>work-orientation</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Personality and Individual Differences</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>PAID</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">19990301</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0191-8869</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0191-8869(00)X0047-5</identifier><part><date>19990301</date><detail type="volume"><number>26</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>3</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>395</start><end>580</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>511</start><end>530</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">3AA0C95F8138FAAF7E2ABFC4F8898E7BE5093D23</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00168-8</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0191-8869(98)00168-8</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©1999 Elsevier Science B.V.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science B.V., ©1999</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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