Stereotypic ingroup bias as self‐defense against relative deprivation: evidence from a longitudinal study of the German unification process
Identifieur interne : 001971 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001970; suivant : 001972Stereotypic ingroup bias as self‐defense against relative deprivation: evidence from a longitudinal study of the German unification process
Auteurs : Manfred Schmitt ; Jürgen MaesSource :
- European Journal of Social Psychology [ 0046-2772 ] ; 2002-05.
Abstract
In a longitudinal questionnaire field study on psychological consequences of German unification, the intergroup situation between East and West Germans was investigated. Data were collected in 1996 and 1998. The sample consisted of 585 East Germans and 387 West Germans who had never lived in the other part of Germany. It was assumed that East Germans' social identity is threatened due to their fraternal deprivation in comparison with West Germans. It was predicted that East Germans would employ ingroup bias as an identity management strategy in order to protect their emotional well‐being against harmful consequences of fraternal deprivation. In line with this prediction, it was found that (a) East Germans feel fraternally deprived compared to West Germans on important quality of life dimensions, (b) they display ingroup bias vis‐à‐vis West Germans, (c) ingroup bias increases with increasing East German identity, (d) ingroup bias is determined longitudinally by relative deprivation, and (e) ingroup bias buffers the effect of relative deprivation on mental health over time. As expected, ingroup bias and the effects of ingroup bias were larger for the dimension of personal integrity than for the dimensions of sympathy and competence. Ingroup bias is interpreted as compensatory self‐enhancement. West Germans feel fraternally privileged compared to East Germans and consider their advantages to be undeserved. Unexpectedly, West Germans display outgroup bias on the stereotype dimensions of integrity. This bias is interpreted as an effort to appease the moral outrage of East Germans and to silence their own guilty conscience due to undeserved advantages. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.91
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Stereotypic ingroup bias as self‐defense against relative deprivation: evidence from a longitudinal study of the German unification process</title><author><name sortKey="Schmitt, Manfred" sort="Schmitt, Manfred" uniqKey="Schmitt M" first="Manfred" last="Schmitt">Manfred Schmitt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fachbereich I—Psychologie, Universität Trier, D‐54286 Trier, Germany.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maes, Jurgen" sort="Maes, Jurgen" uniqKey="Maes J" first="Jürgen" last="Maes">Jürgen Maes</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:7C34DBE66781EC4026E6B603D66EE40CE4A95EEE</idno><date when="2002" year="2002">2002</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/ejsp.91</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/7C34DBE66781EC4026E6B603D66EE40CE4A95EEE/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001971</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001971</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Stereotypic ingroup bias as self‐defense against relative deprivation: evidence from a longitudinal study of the German unification process</title><author><name sortKey="Schmitt, Manfred" sort="Schmitt, Manfred" uniqKey="Schmitt M" first="Manfred" last="Schmitt">Manfred Schmitt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fachbereich I—Psychologie, Universität Trier, D‐54286 Trier, Germany.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maes, Jurgen" sort="Maes, Jurgen" uniqKey="Maes J" first="Jürgen" last="Maes">Jürgen Maes</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">European Journal of Social Psychology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Eur. J. Soc. Psychol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0046-2772</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-0992</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2002-05">2002-05</date><biblScope unit="volume">32</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="309">309</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="326">326</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0046-2772</idno></series><idno type="istex">7C34DBE66781EC4026E6B603D66EE40CE4A95EEE</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/ejsp.91</idno><idno type="ArticleID">EJSP91</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0046-2772</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In a longitudinal questionnaire field study on psychological consequences of German unification, the intergroup situation between East and West Germans was investigated. Data were collected in 1996 and 1998. The sample consisted of 585 East Germans and 387 West Germans who had never lived in the other part of Germany. It was assumed that East Germans' social identity is threatened due to their fraternal deprivation in comparison with West Germans. It was predicted that East Germans would employ ingroup bias as an identity management strategy in order to protect their emotional well‐being against harmful consequences of fraternal deprivation. In line with this prediction, it was found that (a) East Germans feel fraternally deprived compared to West Germans on important quality of life dimensions, (b) they display ingroup bias vis‐à‐vis West Germans, (c) ingroup bias increases with increasing East German identity, (d) ingroup bias is determined longitudinally by relative deprivation, and (e) ingroup bias buffers the effect of relative deprivation on mental health over time. As expected, ingroup bias and the effects of ingroup bias were larger for the dimension of personal integrity than for the dimensions of sympathy and competence. Ingroup bias is interpreted as compensatory self‐enhancement. West Germans feel fraternally privileged compared to East Germans and consider their advantages to be undeserved. Unexpectedly, West Germans display outgroup bias on the stereotype dimensions of integrity. This bias is interpreted as an effort to appease the moral outrage of East Germans and to silence their own guilty conscience due to undeserved advantages. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Manfred Schmitt</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Trier, Germany</json:string><json:string>Fachbereich I—Psychologie, Universität Trier, D‐54286 Trier, Germany.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jürgen Maes</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>EJSP91</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>In a longitudinal questionnaire field study on psychological consequences of German unification, the intergroup situation between East and West Germans was investigated. Data were collected in 1996 and 1998. The sample consisted of 585 East Germans and 387 West Germans who had never lived in the other part of Germany. It was assumed that East Germans' social identity is threatened due to their fraternal deprivation in comparison with West Germans. It was predicted that East Germans would employ ingroup bias as an identity management strategy in order to protect their emotional well‐being against harmful consequences of fraternal deprivation. In line with this prediction, it was found that (a) East Germans feel fraternally deprived compared to West Germans on important quality of life dimensions, (b) they display ingroup bias vis‐à‐vis West Germans, (c) ingroup bias increases with increasing East German identity, (d) ingroup bias is determined longitudinally by relative deprivation, and (e) ingroup bias buffers the effect of relative deprivation on mental health over time. As expected, ingroup bias and the effects of ingroup bias were larger for the dimension of personal integrity than for the dimensions of sympathy and competence. Ingroup bias is interpreted as compensatory self‐enhancement. West Germans feel fraternally privileged compared to East Germans and consider their advantages to be undeserved. Unexpectedly, West Germans display outgroup bias on the stereotype dimensions of integrity. This bias is interpreted as an effort to appease the moral outrage of East Germans and to silence their own guilty conscience due to undeserved advantages. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>567 x 737 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1715</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>9596</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>59558</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>18</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>259</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Stereotypic ingroup bias as self‐defense against relative deprivation: evidence from a longitudinal study of the German unification process</title><refBibs><json:item><host><author></author><title>Aiken LS, West SG. 1991. 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Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchung ‘Leben '97’</title></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>32</volume><publisherId><json:string>EJSP</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>18</total><last>326</last><first>309</first></pages><issn><json:string>0046-2772</json:string></issn><issue>3</issue><subject><json:item><value>Research Article</value></json:item></subject><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1099-0992</json:string></eissn><title>European Journal of Social Psychology</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0992</json:string></doi></host><categories><wos><json:string>social science</json:string><json:string>psychology, social</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>health sciences</json:string><json:string>psychology & cognitive sciences</json:string><json:string>social psychology</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2002</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2002</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/ejsp.91</json:string></doi><id>7C34DBE66781EC4026E6B603D66EE40CE4A95EEE</id><score>1.8468492</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/7C34DBE66781EC4026E6B603D66EE40CE4A95EEE/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/7C34DBE66781EC4026E6B603D66EE40CE4A95EEE/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/7C34DBE66781EC4026E6B603D66EE40CE4A95EEE/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Stereotypic ingroup bias as self‐defense against relative deprivation: evidence from a longitudinal study of the German unification process</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></availability><date>2002</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - No. Schm 1092/1–1; No. Schm 1092/1–2; No. Schm 1092/1–3;</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Stereotypic ingroup bias as self‐defense against relative deprivation: evidence from a longitudinal study of the German unification process</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Manfred</forename><surname>Schmitt</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>Fachbereich I—Psychologie, Universität Trier, D‐54286 Trier, Germany.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Jürgen</forename><surname>Maes</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">European Journal of Social Psychology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Eur. J. Soc. Psychol.</title><idno type="pISSN">0046-2772</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-0992</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0992</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2002-05"></date><biblScope unit="volume">32</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="309">309</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="326">326</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">7C34DBE66781EC4026E6B603D66EE40CE4A95EEE</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/ejsp.91</idno><idno type="ArticleID">EJSP91</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2002</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In a longitudinal questionnaire field study on psychological consequences of German unification, the intergroup situation between East and West Germans was investigated. Data were collected in 1996 and 1998. The sample consisted of 585 East Germans and 387 West Germans who had never lived in the other part of Germany. It was assumed that East Germans' social identity is threatened due to their fraternal deprivation in comparison with West Germans. It was predicted that East Germans would employ ingroup bias as an identity management strategy in order to protect their emotional well‐being against harmful consequences of fraternal deprivation. In line with this prediction, it was found that (a) East Germans feel fraternally deprived compared to West Germans on important quality of life dimensions, (b) they display ingroup bias vis‐à‐vis West Germans, (c) ingroup bias increases with increasing East German identity, (d) ingroup bias is determined longitudinally by relative deprivation, and (e) ingroup bias buffers the effect of relative deprivation on mental health over time. As expected, ingroup bias and the effects of ingroup bias were larger for the dimension of personal integrity than for the dimensions of sympathy and competence. Ingroup bias is interpreted as compensatory self‐enhancement. West Germans feel fraternally privileged compared to East Germans and consider their advantages to be undeserved. Unexpectedly, West Germans display outgroup bias on the stereotype dimensions of integrity. This bias is interpreted as an effort to appease the moral outrage of East Germans and to silence their own guilty conscience due to undeserved advantages. 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Data were collected in 1996 and 1998. The sample consisted of 585 East Germans and 387 West Germans who had never lived in the other part of Germany. It was assumed that East Germans' social identity is threatened due to their fraternal deprivation in comparison with West Germans. It was predicted that East Germans would employ ingroup bias as an identity management strategy in order to protect their emotional well‐being against harmful consequences of fraternal deprivation. In line with this prediction, it was found that (a) East Germans feel fraternally deprived compared to West Germans on important quality of life dimensions, (b) they display ingroup bias vis‐à‐vis West Germans, (c) ingroup bias increases with increasing East German identity, (d) ingroup bias is determined longitudinally by relative deprivation, and (e) ingroup bias buffers the effect of relative deprivation on mental health over time. As expected, ingroup bias and the effects of ingroup bias were larger for the dimension of personal integrity than for the dimensions of sympathy and competence. Ingroup bias is interpreted as compensatory self‐enhancement. West Germans feel fraternally privileged compared to East Germans and consider their advantages to be undeserved. Unexpectedly, West Germans display outgroup bias on the stereotype dimensions of integrity. This bias is interpreted as an effort to appease the moral outrage of East Germans and to silence their own guilty conscience due to undeserved advantages. 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Data were collected in 1996 and 1998. The sample consisted of 585 East Germans and 387 West Germans who had never lived in the other part of Germany. It was assumed that East Germans' social identity is threatened due to their fraternal deprivation in comparison with West Germans. It was predicted that East Germans would employ ingroup bias as an identity management strategy in order to protect their emotional well‐being against harmful consequences of fraternal deprivation. In line with this prediction, it was found that (a) East Germans feel fraternally deprived compared to West Germans on important quality of life dimensions, (b) they display ingroup bias vis‐à‐vis West Germans, (c) ingroup bias increases with increasing East German identity, (d) ingroup bias is determined longitudinally by relative deprivation, and (e) ingroup bias buffers the effect of relative deprivation on mental health over time. As expected, ingroup bias and the effects of ingroup bias were larger for the dimension of personal integrity than for the dimensions of sympathy and competence. Ingroup bias is interpreted as compensatory self‐enhancement. West Germans feel fraternally privileged compared to East Germans and consider their advantages to be undeserved. Unexpectedly, West Germans display outgroup bias on the stereotype dimensions of integrity. This bias is interpreted as an effort to appease the moral outrage of East Germans and to silence their own guilty conscience due to undeserved advantages. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><note type="funding">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - No. Schm 1092/1–1; No. Schm 1092/1–2; No. Schm 1092/1–3; </note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>European Journal of Social Psychology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Eur. J. Soc. 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