Response of soil microbial biomass and activity to agricultural de-intensification over a 10year period
Identifieur interne : 001958 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001957; suivant : 001959Response of soil microbial biomass and activity to agricultural de-intensification over a 10year period
Auteurs : C. Emmerling ; T. Udelhoven ; D. SchröderSource :
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry [ 0038-0717 ] ; 2001.
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Abstract
Soil microbial properties, such as microbial biomass and microbial activity, are suitable indicators to predict soil biological status as a part of soil fertility after transition from high-input agricultural systems to low-input systems. These criteria were applied to evaluate how agricultural de-intensification as practiced by the integrated farming system (IFS) of Germany differ from the conventional agricultural system (CFS) over long-term investigation. The study was multi-factorial, covering agricultural management, spatial as well as temporal variability. Therefore, the research included nine different locations with a wide range of soil types, soil textures of the top horizons, parent materials, climatic conditions, along with the individual impact of farmers over a ten year period. In sum, the mean pH values, the mean amounts of microbial biomass (estimated from maximal initial responses) and soil organic matter, mean Cmic-to-Corg ratio, and mean dehydrogenase activity of the nine locations were almost identical in both systems. The amounts of soil organic matter, microbial biomass and Cmic-to-Corg ratio increased 10–15% in the integrated management treatment compared with the conventional management system starting from the fifth year of investigation. Conversely, during the first 4years of the investigation the examined parameters were slightly increased in the conventional management system. The differences in dehydrogenase activity between both systems changed from year to year. No differences between both systems were found for the pH values of the investigated soils. Beyond that, the factor soil texture of the top horizon (expressed as the clay content) was highly significant for the amounts of the investigated parameters. During the 10year investigation period, differences between both management systems in particular years were related to the cultivation of intermediate crops and conservation tillage practices.
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DOI: 10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00143-2
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ISTEX:E25E8925EBC98342FE233A8F48B3F452DA6B219CLe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Response of soil microbial biomass and activity to agricultural de-intensification over a 10year period</title><author><name sortKey="Emmerling, C" sort="Emmerling, C" uniqKey="Emmerling C" first="C." last="Emmerling">C. Emmerling</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Soil Science, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-651-201-2238; fax: +49-651-201-3809</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: emmerling@uni-trier.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Udelhoven, T" sort="Udelhoven, T" uniqKey="Udelhoven T" first="T." last="Udelhoven">T. Udelhoven</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Remote Sensing, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schroder, D" sort="Schroder, D" uniqKey="Schroder D" first="D." last="Schröder">D. Schröder</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Soil Science, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:E25E8925EBC98342FE233A8F48B3F452DA6B219C</idno><date when="2001" year="2001">2001</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00143-2</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/E25E8925EBC98342FE233A8F48B3F452DA6B219C/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001958</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001958</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Response of soil microbial biomass and activity to agricultural de-intensification over a 10year period</title><author><name sortKey="Emmerling, C" sort="Emmerling, C" uniqKey="Emmerling C" first="C." last="Emmerling">C. Emmerling</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Soil Science, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-651-201-2238; fax: +49-651-201-3809</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: emmerling@uni-trier.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Udelhoven, T" sort="Udelhoven, T" uniqKey="Udelhoven T" first="T." last="Udelhoven">T. Udelhoven</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Remote Sensing, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schroder, D" sort="Schroder, D" uniqKey="Schroder D" first="D." last="Schröder">D. Schröder</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Soil Science, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Soil Biology and Biochemistry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">SBB</title><idno type="ISSN">0038-0717</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2001">2001</date><biblScope unit="volume">33</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">15</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2105">2105</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2114">2114</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0038-0717</idno></series><idno type="istex">E25E8925EBC98342FE233A8F48B3F452DA6B219C</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00143-2</idno><idno type="PII">S0038-0717(01)00143-2</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0038-0717</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Agricultural de-intensification</term><term>Microbial activity</term><term>Microbial biomass</term><term>Spatial variability</term><term>Sustainable agriculture</term><term>Temporal development</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Soil microbial properties, such as microbial biomass and microbial activity, are suitable indicators to predict soil biological status as a part of soil fertility after transition from high-input agricultural systems to low-input systems. These criteria were applied to evaluate how agricultural de-intensification as practiced by the integrated farming system (IFS) of Germany differ from the conventional agricultural system (CFS) over long-term investigation. The study was multi-factorial, covering agricultural management, spatial as well as temporal variability. Therefore, the research included nine different locations with a wide range of soil types, soil textures of the top horizons, parent materials, climatic conditions, along with the individual impact of farmers over a ten year period. In sum, the mean pH values, the mean amounts of microbial biomass (estimated from maximal initial responses) and soil organic matter, mean Cmic-to-Corg ratio, and mean dehydrogenase activity of the nine locations were almost identical in both systems. The amounts of soil organic matter, microbial biomass and Cmic-to-Corg ratio increased 10–15% in the integrated management treatment compared with the conventional management system starting from the fifth year of investigation. Conversely, during the first 4years of the investigation the examined parameters were slightly increased in the conventional management system. The differences in dehydrogenase activity between both systems changed from year to year. No differences between both systems were found for the pH values of the investigated soils. Beyond that, the factor soil texture of the top horizon (expressed as the clay content) was highly significant for the amounts of the investigated parameters. During the 10year investigation period, differences between both management systems in particular years were related to the cultivation of intermediate crops and conservation tillage practices.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>C. Emmerling</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Soil Science, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</json:string><json:string>Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-651-201-2238; fax: +49-651-201-3809</json:string><json:string>E-mail: emmerling@uni-trier.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>T. Udelhoven</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Remote Sensing, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. Schröder</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Soil Science, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Agricultural de-intensification</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Microbial biomass</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Microbial activity</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Spatial variability</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Temporal development</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Sustainable agriculture</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Soil microbial properties, such as microbial biomass and microbial activity, are suitable indicators to predict soil biological status as a part of soil fertility after transition from high-input agricultural systems to low-input systems. These criteria were applied to evaluate how agricultural de-intensification as practiced by the integrated farming system (IFS) of Germany differ from the conventional agricultural system (CFS) over long-term investigation. The study was multi-factorial, covering agricultural management, spatial as well as temporal variability. Therefore, the research included nine different locations with a wide range of soil types, soil textures of the top horizons, parent materials, climatic conditions, along with the individual impact of farmers over a ten year period. In sum, the mean pH values, the mean amounts of microbial biomass (estimated from maximal initial responses) and soil organic matter, mean Cmic-to-Corg ratio, and mean dehydrogenase activity of the nine locations were almost identical in both systems. The amounts of soil organic matter, microbial biomass and Cmic-to-Corg ratio increased 10–15% in the integrated management treatment compared with the conventional management system starting from the fifth year of investigation. Conversely, during the first 4years of the investigation the examined parameters were slightly increased in the conventional management system. The differences in dehydrogenase activity between both systems changed from year to year. No differences between both systems were found for the pH values of the investigated soils. Beyond that, the factor soil texture of the top horizon (expressed as the clay content) was highly significant for the amounts of the investigated parameters. During the 10year investigation period, differences between both management systems in particular years were related to the cultivation of intermediate crops and conservation tillage practices.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595 x 794 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>6</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1961</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>5536</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>38569</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>10</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>277</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Response of soil microbial biomass and activity to agricultural de-intensification over a 10year period</title><pii><json:string>S0038-0717(01)00143-2</json:string></pii><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>J.P.E. Anderson</name></json:item><json:item><name>K.H. 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Stotzky</name></json:item></editor><pages><last>396</last><first>357</first></pages><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Soil Biochemistry</title></serie><host><volume>33</volume><pii><json:string>S0038-0717(00)X0078-8</json:string></pii><pages><last>2114</last><first>2105</first></pages><issn><json:string>0038-0717</json:string></issn><issue>15</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Soil Biology and Biochemistry</title><publicationDate>2001</publicationDate></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>soil science</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>applied sciences</json:string><json:string>agriculture, fisheries & forestry</json:string><json:string>agronomy & agriculture</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2001</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2001</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00143-2</json:string></doi><id>E25E8925EBC98342FE233A8F48B3F452DA6B219C</id><score>1.4905708</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/E25E8925EBC98342FE233A8F48B3F452DA6B219C/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/E25E8925EBC98342FE233A8F48B3F452DA6B219C/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/E25E8925EBC98342FE233A8F48B3F452DA6B219C/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Response of soil microbial biomass and activity to agricultural de-intensification over a 10year period</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>©2001 Elsevier Science Ltd</p></availability><date>2001</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">Fig. 1: Mean amounts (±S.D., n=9) of Corg, microbial biomass, Cmic-to-Corg ratio, and dehydrogenase activity of conventional and integrated managed soils from nine locations in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, during the 10year investigation period.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Box plots of the amounts of soil organic matter (Corg), microbial biomass (Cmic), Cmic-to-Corg ratio and dehydrogenase activity in relation to the soil texture of the investigated top horizons on the final sampling date (April 1995). Different letters indicate significant differences between the three classes of soil texture; ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test, P<0.05; n=20 (Lt 2,3; Lu), n=8 (Ls and Sl). Lt=clayey loam; Lu=silty loam; Ls=sandy loam; Sl=loamy sand.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Experimental design of the investigation ‘Integrated farming system Rhineland-Palatinate (1986–1995)’ with indication of the different locations, landscapes, soil types and parent materials, and soil texture of the investigated top horizons</note><note type="content">Table 2: Mauchly's Test of Sphericity. Huynh–Feldt's ϵ was used to adjust the degrees of freedom in the ANOVA analysis</note><note type="content">Table 3: Univariate ANOVA results using the time within-subject effect. Only simple interactions between time and the between-subject effects are listed. All higher order interactions (time×sampling depth×soil texture, time×sampling depth×management system, time×soil texture×management system, time×sampling depth×soil texture×management system) were not significant for any soil parameter. The sums of squares (SS) and df for the univariate test of the time within-subject effect were found by adding the sums of squares and df for the single degree of freedom test of the time contrasts (SStime=SSlinear+SSquadratic+SScubic+⋯+SSorder9)</note><note type="content">Table 4: Test of the between-subject effects, based on the averaged time contrasts</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Response of soil microbial biomass and activity to agricultural de-intensification over a 10year period</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Emmerling</surname></persName><email>emmerling@uni-trier.de</email><affiliation>Department of Soil Science, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-651-201-2238; fax: +49-651-201-3809</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">T.</forename><surname>Udelhoven</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Remote Sensing, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">D.</forename><surname>Schröder</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Soil Science, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Soil Biology and Biochemistry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">SBB</title><idno type="pISSN">0038-0717</idno><idno type="PII">S0038-0717(00)X0078-8</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2001"></date><biblScope unit="volume">33</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">15</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2105">2105</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2114">2114</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">E25E8925EBC98342FE233A8F48B3F452DA6B219C</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00143-2</idno><idno type="PII">S0038-0717(01)00143-2</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2001</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Soil microbial properties, such as microbial biomass and microbial activity, are suitable indicators to predict soil biological status as a part of soil fertility after transition from high-input agricultural systems to low-input systems. These criteria were applied to evaluate how agricultural de-intensification as practiced by the integrated farming system (IFS) of Germany differ from the conventional agricultural system (CFS) over long-term investigation. The study was multi-factorial, covering agricultural management, spatial as well as temporal variability. Therefore, the research included nine different locations with a wide range of soil types, soil textures of the top horizons, parent materials, climatic conditions, along with the individual impact of farmers over a ten year period. In sum, the mean pH values, the mean amounts of microbial biomass (estimated from maximal initial responses) and soil organic matter, mean Cmic-to-Corg ratio, and mean dehydrogenase activity of the nine locations were almost identical in both systems. The amounts of soil organic matter, microbial biomass and Cmic-to-Corg ratio increased 10–15% in the integrated management treatment compared with the conventional management system starting from the fifth year of investigation. Conversely, during the first 4years of the investigation the examined parameters were slightly increased in the conventional management system. The differences in dehydrogenase activity between both systems changed from year to year. No differences between both systems were found for the pH values of the investigated soils. Beyond that, the factor soil texture of the top horizon (expressed as the clay content) was highly significant for the amounts of the investigated parameters. During the 10year investigation period, differences between both management systems in particular years were related to the cultivation of intermediate crops and conservation tillage practices.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Agricultural de-intensification</term></item><item><term>Microbial biomass</term></item><item><term>Microbial activity</term></item><item><term>Spatial variability</term></item><item><term>Temporal development</term></item><item><term>Sustainable agriculture</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2001-07-09">Modified</change><change when="2001">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/E25E8925EBC98342FE233A8F48B3F452DA6B219C/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr2" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr2"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla" xml:lang="en"><item-info><jid>SBB</jid><aid>1984</aid><ce:pii>S0038-0717(01)00143-2</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00143-2</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="2001">Elsevier Science Ltd</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Response of soil microbial biomass and activity to agricultural de-intensification over a 10<ce:hsp sp="0.25"></ce:hsp>year period</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Emmerling</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="CORR1">*</ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>emmerling@uni-trier.de</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>T.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Udelhoven</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:indexed-name>Schroder</ce:indexed-name><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Schröder</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Soil Science, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Remote Sensing, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="CORR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-651-201-2238; fax: +49-651-201-3809</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="4" month="2" year="2000"></ce:date-received><ce:date-revised day="9" month="7" year="2001"></ce:date-revised><ce:date-accepted day="8" month="8" year="2001"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Soil microbial properties, such as microbial biomass and microbial activity, are suitable indicators to predict soil biological status as a part of soil fertility after transition from high-input agricultural systems to low-input systems. These criteria were applied to evaluate how agricultural de-intensification as practiced by the integrated farming system (IFS) of Germany differ from the conventional agricultural system (CFS) over long-term investigation. The study was multi-factorial, covering agricultural management, spatial as well as temporal variability. Therefore, the research included nine different locations with a wide range of soil types, soil textures of the top horizons, parent materials, climatic conditions, along with the individual impact of farmers over a ten year period. In sum, the mean pH values, the mean amounts of microbial biomass (estimated from maximal initial responses) and soil organic matter, mean <ce:italic>C</ce:italic><ce:inf>mic</ce:inf>-to-<ce:italic>C</ce:italic><ce:inf>org</ce:inf> ratio, and mean dehydrogenase activity of the nine locations were almost identical in both systems. The amounts of soil organic matter, microbial biomass and <ce:italic>C</ce:italic><ce:inf>mic</ce:inf>-to-<ce:italic>C</ce:italic><ce:inf>org</ce:inf> ratio increased 10–15% in the integrated management treatment compared with the conventional management system starting from the fifth year of investigation. Conversely, during the first 4<ce:hsp sp="0.25"></ce:hsp>years of the investigation the examined parameters were slightly increased in the conventional management system. The differences in dehydrogenase activity between both systems changed from year to year. No differences between both systems were found for the pH values of the investigated soils. Beyond that, the factor soil texture of the top horizon (expressed as the clay content) was highly significant for the amounts of the investigated parameters. During the 10<ce:hsp sp="0.25"></ce:hsp>year investigation period, differences between both management systems in particular years were related to the cultivation of intermediate crops and conservation tillage practices.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword" xml:lang="en"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Agricultural de-intensification</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Microbial biomass</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Microbial activity</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Spatial variability</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Temporal development</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Sustainable agriculture</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Response of soil microbial biomass and activity to agricultural de-intensification over a 10year period</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Response of soil microbial biomass and activity to agricultural de-intensification over a 10</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Emmerling</namePart><affiliation>Department of Soil Science, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-651-201-2238; fax: +49-651-201-3809</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: emmerling@uni-trier.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Udelhoven</namePart><affiliation>Department of Remote Sensing, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Schröder</namePart><affiliation>Department of Soil Science, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2001</dateIssued><dateModified encoding="w3cdtf">2001-07-09</dateModified><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2001</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Soil microbial properties, such as microbial biomass and microbial activity, are suitable indicators to predict soil biological status as a part of soil fertility after transition from high-input agricultural systems to low-input systems. These criteria were applied to evaluate how agricultural de-intensification as practiced by the integrated farming system (IFS) of Germany differ from the conventional agricultural system (CFS) over long-term investigation. The study was multi-factorial, covering agricultural management, spatial as well as temporal variability. Therefore, the research included nine different locations with a wide range of soil types, soil textures of the top horizons, parent materials, climatic conditions, along with the individual impact of farmers over a ten year period. In sum, the mean pH values, the mean amounts of microbial biomass (estimated from maximal initial responses) and soil organic matter, mean Cmic-to-Corg ratio, and mean dehydrogenase activity of the nine locations were almost identical in both systems. The amounts of soil organic matter, microbial biomass and Cmic-to-Corg ratio increased 10–15% in the integrated management treatment compared with the conventional management system starting from the fifth year of investigation. Conversely, during the first 4years of the investigation the examined parameters were slightly increased in the conventional management system. The differences in dehydrogenase activity between both systems changed from year to year. No differences between both systems were found for the pH values of the investigated soils. Beyond that, the factor soil texture of the top horizon (expressed as the clay content) was highly significant for the amounts of the investigated parameters. During the 10year investigation period, differences between both management systems in particular years were related to the cultivation of intermediate crops and conservation tillage practices.</abstract><note type="content">Fig. 1: Mean amounts (±S.D., n=9) of Corg, microbial biomass, Cmic-to-Corg ratio, and dehydrogenase activity of conventional and integrated managed soils from nine locations in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, during the 10year investigation period.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Box plots of the amounts of soil organic matter (Corg), microbial biomass (Cmic), Cmic-to-Corg ratio and dehydrogenase activity in relation to the soil texture of the investigated top horizons on the final sampling date (April 1995). Different letters indicate significant differences between the three classes of soil texture; ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test, P<0.05; n=20 (Lt 2,3; Lu), n=8 (Ls and Sl). Lt=clayey loam; Lu=silty loam; Ls=sandy loam; Sl=loamy sand.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Experimental design of the investigation ‘Integrated farming system Rhineland-Palatinate (1986–1995)’ with indication of the different locations, landscapes, soil types and parent materials, and soil texture of the investigated top horizons</note><note type="content">Table 2: Mauchly's Test of Sphericity. Huynh–Feldt's ϵ was used to adjust the degrees of freedom in the ANOVA analysis</note><note type="content">Table 3: Univariate ANOVA results using the time within-subject effect. Only simple interactions between time and the between-subject effects are listed. All higher order interactions (time×sampling depth×soil texture, time×sampling depth×management system, time×soil texture×management system, time×sampling depth×soil texture×management system) were not significant for any soil parameter. The sums of squares (SS) and df for the univariate test of the time within-subject effect were found by adding the sums of squares and df for the single degree of freedom test of the time contrasts (SStime=SSlinear+SSquadratic+SScubic+⋯+SSorder9)</note><note type="content">Table 4: Test of the between-subject effects, based on the averaged time contrasts</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Agricultural de-intensification</topic><topic>Microbial biomass</topic><topic>Microbial activity</topic><topic>Spatial variability</topic><topic>Temporal development</topic><topic>Sustainable agriculture</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Soil Biology and Biochemistry</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>SBB</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2001</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0038-0717</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0038-0717(00)X0078-8</identifier><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><number>33</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>15</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>2023</start><end>2162</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>2105</start><end>2114</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">E25E8925EBC98342FE233A8F48B3F452DA6B219C</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00143-2</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0038-0717(01)00143-2</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©2001 Elsevier Science Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science Ltd, ©2001</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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