OUTCROSSING INCREASES INFECTION SUCCESS AND COMPETITIVE ABILITY: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM A HERMAPHRODITE PARASITE
Identifieur interne : 001934 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001933; suivant : 001935OUTCROSSING INCREASES INFECTION SUCCESS AND COMPETITIVE ABILITY: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM A HERMAPHRODITE PARASITE
Auteurs : Mira Christen ; Joachim Kurtz ; Manfred MilinskiSource :
- Evolution [ 0014-3820 ] ; 2002-11.
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Abstract
Abstract.— The maintenance of two genetically distinct reproductive modes such as outcrossing and selfing within a population of animals or plants is still a matter of considerable debate. Hermaphroditic parasites often reproduce either alone by selfing or in pairs by outcrossing. They can be used as a model to study potential benefits of outcrossing. Any advantage from outcrossing may be important, especially in host‐parasite coevolution, but has not, to our knowledge, been studied yet in any parasite species. We studied the potential effect of outcrossing in a tapeworm, Schis‐tocephalus solidus, on both infection success and growth in its first intermediate host, the copepod Macrocyclops albidus. Tapeworms that had been obtained from natural populations of three‐spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus acu‐leatus) were allowed to reproduce either alone or in pairs, in an in vitro system that replaced the final host's gut. This resulted in either selfed or outcrossed offspring, respectively. In one part of the experiment, copepods were exposed to either selfed or outcrossed parasites, in a second part to both types simultaneously, in order to study the effect of competition between them. To discriminate parasites of either origin within the same host, a novel method for fluorescent vital labeling was used. We show here for the first time that outcrossed parasites had a higher infection success and faster development in the host. This advantage of outcrossing became apparent only in the competitive situation, in which superior abilities of parasites to extract limiting resources from the host become crucial.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00148.x
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">OUTCROSSING INCREASES INFECTION SUCCESS AND COMPETITIVE ABILITY: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM A HERMAPHRODITE PARASITE</title><author><name sortKey="Christen, Mira" sort="Christen, Mira" uniqKey="Christen M" first="Mira" last="Christen">Mira Christen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: christen@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kurtz, Joachim" sort="Kurtz, Joachim" uniqKey="Kurtz J" first="Joachim" last="Kurtz">Joachim Kurtz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: kurtz@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milinski, Manfred" sort="Milinski, Manfred" uniqKey="Milinski M" first="Manfred" last="Milinski">Manfred Milinski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: milinski@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:1C8F5E2F4DA626E68C61C43A373091F1A55C6D5E</idno><date when="2002" year="2002">2002</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00148.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/1C8F5E2F4DA626E68C61C43A373091F1A55C6D5E/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001934</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001934</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">OUTCROSSING INCREASES INFECTION SUCCESS AND COMPETITIVE ABILITY: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM A HERMAPHRODITE PARASITE</title><author><name sortKey="Christen, Mira" sort="Christen, Mira" uniqKey="Christen M" first="Mira" last="Christen">Mira Christen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: christen@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kurtz, Joachim" sort="Kurtz, Joachim" uniqKey="Kurtz J" first="Joachim" last="Kurtz">Joachim Kurtz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: kurtz@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milinski, Manfred" sort="Milinski, Manfred" uniqKey="Milinski M" first="Manfred" last="Milinski">Manfred Milinski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: milinski@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Evolution</title><idno type="ISSN">0014-3820</idno><idno type="eISSN">1558-5646</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2002-11">2002-11</date><biblScope unit="volume">56</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2243">2243</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2251">2251</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0014-3820</idno></series><idno type="istex">1C8F5E2F4DA626E68C61C43A373091F1A55C6D5E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00148.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">EVO2243</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0014-3820</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Competition</term><term>Schistocephalus solidus</term><term>host‐parasite coevolution</term><term>inbreeding depression</term><term>mixed mating system</term><term>selfing</term><term>sexual reproduction</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Abstract.— The maintenance of two genetically distinct reproductive modes such as outcrossing and selfing within a population of animals or plants is still a matter of considerable debate. Hermaphroditic parasites often reproduce either alone by selfing or in pairs by outcrossing. They can be used as a model to study potential benefits of outcrossing. Any advantage from outcrossing may be important, especially in host‐parasite coevolution, but has not, to our knowledge, been studied yet in any parasite species. We studied the potential effect of outcrossing in a tapeworm, Schis‐tocephalus solidus, on both infection success and growth in its first intermediate host, the copepod Macrocyclops albidus. Tapeworms that had been obtained from natural populations of three‐spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus acu‐leatus) were allowed to reproduce either alone or in pairs, in an in vitro system that replaced the final host's gut. This resulted in either selfed or outcrossed offspring, respectively. In one part of the experiment, copepods were exposed to either selfed or outcrossed parasites, in a second part to both types simultaneously, in order to study the effect of competition between them. To discriminate parasites of either origin within the same host, a novel method for fluorescent vital labeling was used. We show here for the first time that outcrossed parasites had a higher infection success and faster development in the host. This advantage of outcrossing became apparent only in the competitive situation, in which superior abilities of parasites to extract limiting resources from the host become crucial.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Mira Christen</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: christen@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Joachim Kurtz</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: kurtz@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Manfred Milinski</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: milinski@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Competition</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>host‐parasite coevolution</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>inbreeding depression</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>mixed mating system</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Schistocephalus solidus</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>selfing</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>sexual reproduction</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>EVO2243</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Abstract.— The maintenance of two genetically distinct reproductive modes such as outcrossing and selfing within a population of animals or plants is still a matter of considerable debate. Hermaphroditic parasites often reproduce either alone by selfing or in pairs by outcrossing. They can be used as a model to study potential benefits of outcrossing. Any advantage from outcrossing may be important, especially in host‐parasite coevolution, but has not, to our knowledge, been studied yet in any parasite species. We studied the potential effect of outcrossing in a tapeworm, Schis‐tocephalus solidus, on both infection success and growth in its first intermediate host, the copepod Macrocyclops albidus. Tapeworms that had been obtained from natural populations of three‐spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus acu‐leatus) were allowed to reproduce either alone or in pairs, in an in vitro system that replaced the final host's gut. This resulted in either selfed or outcrossed offspring, respectively. In one part of the experiment, copepods were exposed to either selfed or outcrossed parasites, in a second part to both types simultaneously, in order to study the effect of competition between them. To discriminate parasites of either origin within the same host, a novel method for fluorescent vital labeling was used. We show here for the first time that outcrossed parasites had a higher infection success and faster development in the host. This advantage of outcrossing became apparent only in the competitive situation, in which superior abilities of parasites to extract limiting resources from the host become crucial.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.952</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 792 pts (letter)</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1628</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>6282</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>38355</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>9</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>246</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>OUTCROSSING INCREASES INFECTION SUCCESS AND COMPETITIVE ABILITY: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM A HERMAPHRODITE PARASITE</title><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>A. F. Agrawal</name></json:item><json:item><name>C. M. 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Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago , IL .</title></host></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>56</volume><publisherId><json:string>EVO</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>9</total><last>2251</last><first>2243</first></pages><issn><json:string>0014-3820</json:string></issn><issue>11</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1558-5646</json:string></eissn><title>Evolution</title><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1558-5646</json:string></doi></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>genetics & heredity</json:string><json:string>evolutionary biology</json:string><json:string>ecology</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>natural sciences</json:string><json:string>biology</json:string><json:string>evolutionary biology</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2002</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2002</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00148.x</json:string></doi><id>1C8F5E2F4DA626E68C61C43A373091F1A55C6D5E</id><score>0.027675506</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/1C8F5E2F4DA626E68C61C43A373091F1A55C6D5E/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/1C8F5E2F4DA626E68C61C43A373091F1A55C6D5E/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/1C8F5E2F4DA626E68C61C43A373091F1A55C6D5E/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">OUTCROSSING INCREASES INFECTION SUCCESS AND COMPETITIVE ABILITY: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM A HERMAPHRODITE PARASITE</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>WILEY</p></availability><date>2002</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">OUTCROSSING INCREASES INFECTION SUCCESS AND COMPETITIVE ABILITY: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM A HERMAPHRODITE PARASITE</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Mira</forename><surname>Christen</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: christen@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Joachim</forename><surname>Kurtz</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: kurtz@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Manfred</forename><surname>Milinski</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: milinski@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Evolution</title><idno type="pISSN">0014-3820</idno><idno type="eISSN">1558-5646</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1558-5646</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2002-11"></date><biblScope unit="volume">56</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2243">2243</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2251">2251</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">1C8F5E2F4DA626E68C61C43A373091F1A55C6D5E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00148.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">EVO2243</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2002</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Abstract.— The maintenance of two genetically distinct reproductive modes such as outcrossing and selfing within a population of animals or plants is still a matter of considerable debate. Hermaphroditic parasites often reproduce either alone by selfing or in pairs by outcrossing. They can be used as a model to study potential benefits of outcrossing. Any advantage from outcrossing may be important, especially in host‐parasite coevolution, but has not, to our knowledge, been studied yet in any parasite species. We studied the potential effect of outcrossing in a tapeworm, Schis‐tocephalus solidus, on both infection success and growth in its first intermediate host, the copepod Macrocyclops albidus. Tapeworms that had been obtained from natural populations of three‐spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus acu‐leatus) were allowed to reproduce either alone or in pairs, in an in vitro system that replaced the final host's gut. This resulted in either selfed or outcrossed offspring, respectively. In one part of the experiment, copepods were exposed to either selfed or outcrossed parasites, in a second part to both types simultaneously, in order to study the effect of competition between them. To discriminate parasites of either origin within the same host, a novel method for fluorescent vital labeling was used. We show here for the first time that outcrossed parasites had a higher infection success and faster development in the host. This advantage of outcrossing became apparent only in the competitive situation, in which superior abilities of parasites to extract limiting resources from the host become crucial.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>Competition</term></item><item><term>host‐parasite coevolution</term></item><item><term>inbreeding depression</term></item><item><term>mixed mating system</term></item><item><term>Schistocephalus solidus</term></item><item><term>selfing</term></item><item><term>sexual reproduction</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2002-11">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/1C8F5E2F4DA626E68C61C43A373091F1A55C6D5E/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements 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affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>Manfred</givenNames><familyName>Milinski</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation> Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: <email normalForm="christen@mpil-ploen.mpg.de">christen@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</email></unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation> Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: <email normalForm="kurtz@mpil-ploen.mpg.de">kurtz@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</email></unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation> Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: <email normalForm="milinski@mpil-ploen.mpg.de">milinski@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</email></unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">Competition</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">host‐parasite coevolution</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">inbreeding depression</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">mixed mating system</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5"><i>Schistocephalus solidus</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="k6">selfing</keyword><keyword xml:id="k7">sexual reproduction</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Abstract.—</b> The maintenance of two genetically distinct reproductive modes such as outcrossing and selfing within a population of animals or plants is still a matter of considerable debate. Hermaphroditic parasites often reproduce either alone by selfing or in pairs by outcrossing. They can be used as a model to study potential benefits of outcrossing. Any advantage from outcrossing may be important, especially in host‐parasite coevolution, but has not, to our knowledge, been studied yet in any parasite species. We studied the potential effect of outcrossing in a tapeworm, <i>Schis‐tocephalus solidus</i>, on both infection success and growth in its first intermediate host, the copepod <i>Macrocyclops albidus</i>. Tapeworms that had been obtained from natural populations of three‐spined sticklebacks (<i>Gasterosteus acu‐leatus</i>) were allowed to reproduce either alone or in pairs, in an in vitro system that replaced the final host's gut. This resulted in either selfed or outcrossed offspring, respectively. In one part of the experiment, copepods were exposed to either selfed or outcrossed parasites, in a second part to both types simultaneously, in order to study the effect of competition between them. To discriminate parasites of either origin within the same host, a novel method for fluorescent vital labeling was used. We show here for the first time that outcrossed parasites had a higher infection success and faster development in the host. This advantage of outcrossing became apparent only in the competitive situation, in which superior abilities of parasites to extract limiting resources from the host become crucial.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>OUTCROSSING INCREASES INFECTION SUCCESS AND COMPETITIVE ABILITY: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM A HERMAPHRODITE PARASITE</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>OUTCROSSING INCREASES INFECTION SUCCESS AND COMPETITIVE ABILITY: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM A HERMAPHRODITE PARASITE</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mira</namePart><namePart type="family">Christen</namePart><affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: christen@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Joachim</namePart><namePart type="family">Kurtz</namePart><affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: kurtz@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Manfred</namePart><namePart type="family">Milinski</namePart><affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max‐Planck‐Institute of Limnology, August‐Thienemann‐Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany E‐mail: milinski@mpil‐ploen.mpg.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2002-11</dateIssued><edition>Accepted July 30, 2002.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2002</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="references">64</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Abstract.— The maintenance of two genetically distinct reproductive modes such as outcrossing and selfing within a population of animals or plants is still a matter of considerable debate. Hermaphroditic parasites often reproduce either alone by selfing or in pairs by outcrossing. They can be used as a model to study potential benefits of outcrossing. Any advantage from outcrossing may be important, especially in host‐parasite coevolution, but has not, to our knowledge, been studied yet in any parasite species. We studied the potential effect of outcrossing in a tapeworm, Schis‐tocephalus solidus, on both infection success and growth in its first intermediate host, the copepod Macrocyclops albidus. Tapeworms that had been obtained from natural populations of three‐spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus acu‐leatus) were allowed to reproduce either alone or in pairs, in an in vitro system that replaced the final host's gut. This resulted in either selfed or outcrossed offspring, respectively. In one part of the experiment, copepods were exposed to either selfed or outcrossed parasites, in a second part to both types simultaneously, in order to study the effect of competition between them. To discriminate parasites of either origin within the same host, a novel method for fluorescent vital labeling was used. We show here for the first time that outcrossed parasites had a higher infection success and faster development in the host. This advantage of outcrossing became apparent only in the competitive situation, in which superior abilities of parasites to extract limiting resources from the host become crucial.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Competition</topic><topic>host‐parasite coevolution</topic><topic>inbreeding depression</topic><topic>mixed mating system</topic><topic>Schistocephalus solidus</topic><topic>selfing</topic><topic>sexual reproduction</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Evolution</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0014-3820</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1558-5646</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1558-5646</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">EVO</identifier><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>56</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2243</start><end>2251</end><total>9</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">1C8F5E2F4DA626E68C61C43A373091F1A55C6D5E</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00148.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">EVO2243</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|clé= ISTEX:1C8F5E2F4DA626E68C61C43A373091F1A55C6D5E
|texte= OUTCROSSING INCREASES INFECTION SUCCESS AND COMPETITIVE ABILITY: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM A HERMAPHRODITE PARASITE
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31. |  |