Nitrogen fixation by common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in pure and mixed stands in semi-arid south-east Kenya
Identifieur interne : 001844 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001843; suivant : 001845Nitrogen fixation by common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in pure and mixed stands in semi-arid south-east Kenya
Auteurs : John M. Maingi ; Chris A. Shisanya ; Nkanata M. Gitonga ; Berthold HornetzSource :
- European Journal of Agronomy [ 1161-0301 ] ; 2001.
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Abstract
Research was carried out in the field on the effect of intercropping common bean and maize crops in a semi-arid zone of south-east Kenya over two rainy seasons in 1997. The experimental design was a randomised complete block design with eight treatments replicated four times. Significant differences were observed in total plant dry weight by the different treatments in pure stands, 21 days after emergence with higher values under mixed cropping system in common beans. However, at 42 days after emergence, plant dry weights in uninoculated common bean pure stands with N application were significantly higher than under other treatments. Common bean yields were significantly reduced by the maize intercrop. The inoculated common bean and N application treatment recorded the largest seed dry weights and subsequently yields per hectare. These findings suggest that intercropping common beans and maize considerably suppresses the yield of the former under the semi-arid conditions of south-east Kenya. Inoculation of common bean with the commercially available Rhizobium strain 446 on the other hand was effective and improved yields. Soil analysis of the experimental plots before and after one cropping season indicated that common beans increased N slightly or maintained it at the pre-planting levels. This was unlike the pure maize plots where there was a marked decline in soil N. There was however, a marked increase in soil phosphorus in all treatment plots.
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DOI: 10.1016/S1161-0301(00)00080-0
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ISTEX:558C62162108FEA361B12674C8A5D6EE79BA5DB0Le document en format XML
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Shisanya</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: shisanya@avu.org</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Geography, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gitonga, Nkanata M" sort="Gitonga, Nkanata M" uniqKey="Gitonga N" first="Nkanata M" last="Gitonga">Nkanata M. Gitonga</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hornetz, Berthold" sort="Hornetz, Berthold" uniqKey="Hornetz B" first="Berthold" last="Hornetz">Berthold Hornetz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>FB VI/Geogr.- Geosciences, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:558C62162108FEA361B12674C8A5D6EE79BA5DB0</idno><date when="2001" year="2001">2001</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S1161-0301(00)00080-0</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/558C62162108FEA361B12674C8A5D6EE79BA5DB0/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001844</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001844</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Nitrogen fixation by common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in pure and mixed stands in semi-arid south-east Kenya</title><author><name sortKey="Maingi, John M" sort="Maingi, John M" uniqKey="Maingi J" first="John M" last="Maingi">John M. Maingi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shisanya, Chris A" sort="Shisanya, Chris A" uniqKey="Shisanya C" first="Chris A" last="Shisanya">Chris A. Shisanya</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: shisanya@avu.org</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Geography, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gitonga, Nkanata M" sort="Gitonga, Nkanata M" uniqKey="Gitonga N" first="Nkanata M" last="Gitonga">Nkanata M. Gitonga</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hornetz, Berthold" sort="Hornetz, Berthold" uniqKey="Hornetz B" first="Berthold" last="Hornetz">Berthold Hornetz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>FB VI/Geogr.- Geosciences, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">European Journal of Agronomy</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">EURAGR</title><idno type="ISSN">1161-0301</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2001">2001</date><biblScope unit="volume">14</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="12">12</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1161-0301</idno></series><idno type="istex">558C62162108FEA361B12674C8A5D6EE79BA5DB0</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S1161-0301(00)00080-0</idno><idno type="PII">S1161-0301(00)00080-0</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1161-0301</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Common bean</term><term>Crop yield</term><term>Inoculation</term><term>Intercropping</term><term>Nodulation</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Research was carried out in the field on the effect of intercropping common bean and maize crops in a semi-arid zone of south-east Kenya over two rainy seasons in 1997. The experimental design was a randomised complete block design with eight treatments replicated four times. Significant differences were observed in total plant dry weight by the different treatments in pure stands, 21 days after emergence with higher values under mixed cropping system in common beans. However, at 42 days after emergence, plant dry weights in uninoculated common bean pure stands with N application were significantly higher than under other treatments. Common bean yields were significantly reduced by the maize intercrop. The inoculated common bean and N application treatment recorded the largest seed dry weights and subsequently yields per hectare. These findings suggest that intercropping common beans and maize considerably suppresses the yield of the former under the semi-arid conditions of south-east Kenya. Inoculation of common bean with the commercially available Rhizobium strain 446 on the other hand was effective and improved yields. Soil analysis of the experimental plots before and after one cropping season indicated that common beans increased N slightly or maintained it at the pre-planting levels. This was unlike the pure maize plots where there was a marked decline in soil N. There was however, a marked increase in soil phosphorus in all treatment plots.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>John M Maingi</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Botany, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Chris A Shisanya</name><affiliations><json:string>E-mail: shisanya@avu.org</json:string><json:string>Department of Geography, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Nkanata M Gitonga</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Botany, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Berthold Hornetz</name><affiliations><json:string>FB VI/Geogr.- Geosciences, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Common bean</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Crop yield</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Inoculation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Intercropping</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Nodulation</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Research was carried out in the field on the effect of intercropping common bean and maize crops in a semi-arid zone of south-east Kenya over two rainy seasons in 1997. The experimental design was a randomised complete block design with eight treatments replicated four times. Significant differences were observed in total plant dry weight by the different treatments in pure stands, 21 days after emergence with higher values under mixed cropping system in common beans. However, at 42 days after emergence, plant dry weights in uninoculated common bean pure stands with N application were significantly higher than under other treatments. Common bean yields were significantly reduced by the maize intercrop. The inoculated common bean and N application treatment recorded the largest seed dry weights and subsequently yields per hectare. These findings suggest that intercropping common beans and maize considerably suppresses the yield of the former under the semi-arid conditions of south-east Kenya. Inoculation of common bean with the commercially available Rhizobium strain 446 on the other hand was effective and improved yields. Soil analysis of the experimental plots before and after one cropping season indicated that common beans increased N slightly or maintained it at the pre-planting levels. This was unlike the pure maize plots where there was a marked decline in soil N. There was however, a marked increase in soil phosphorus in all treatment plots.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.644</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>536 x 674 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>5</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1471</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4920</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>29946</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>12</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>227</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Nitrogen fixation by common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in pure and mixed stands in semi-arid south-east Kenya</title><pii><json:string>S1161-0301(00)00080-0</json:string></pii><refBibs><json:item><host><pages><last>130</last><first>100</first></pages><author></author><title>East African Crops: an Introduction to the Production of Field and Plantation Crops in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda</title></host></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>R.N. Ames</name></json:item><json:item><name>C.P.P. 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Merr.) grown in mixtures</title></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>14</volume><pii><json:string>S1161-0301(00)X0021-4</json:string></pii><pages><last>12</last><first>1</first></pages><issn><json:string>1161-0301</json:string></issn><issue>1</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>European Journal of Agronomy</title><publicationDate>2001</publicationDate></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>agronomy</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>applied sciences</json:string><json:string>agriculture, fisheries & forestry</json:string><json:string>agronomy & agriculture</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2001</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2001</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S1161-0301(00)00080-0</json:string></doi><id>558C62162108FEA361B12674C8A5D6EE79BA5DB0</id><score>0.85231864</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/558C62162108FEA361B12674C8A5D6EE79BA5DB0/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/558C62162108FEA361B12674C8A5D6EE79BA5DB0/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/558C62162108FEA361B12674C8A5D6EE79BA5DB0/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Nitrogen fixation by common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in pure and mixed stands in semi-arid south-east Kenya</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>©2001 Elsevier Science B.V.</p></availability><date>2001</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">Fig. 1: Effect of N source and cropping system on per plant dry weight of common beans (a) 21 DAE; (b) 42 DAE; (c) 70 DAE. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test at P≤0.05. Treatments: (1) uninoculated beans and N-fertilizer; (2) uninoculated beans and no N-fertiliser; (3) inoculated beans and no N-fertiliser; (4) bean-maize intercrop and N-fertilizer and no-inoculation; (5) maize-bean intercrop uninoculated and no N-fertiliser; (6) maize-bean intercrop inoculated and no N-fertiliser.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Effect of N source and cropping system on nodules of beans (a) nodule dry weights 21 DAE; (b) nodule dry weights at 42 DAE; (c) nodule number 21 DAE; (d) nodule number at 42 DAE. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test at P≤0.05. Treatments: (1) ininoculated beans and N-fertillizer; (2) uninoculated beans and no N-fertiliser; (3) inoculated beans and no N-fertiliser; (4) bean-maize intercrop and fertilizer and no inoculation; (5) maize-bean intercrop uninoculated and no N-fertiliser; (6) maize bean intercrop inoculated and no N-fertiliser.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Effect of N source and cropping system on pods of common beans (a) pod dry weight/plant at 42 DAE; (b) pod dry weight/plant at 70 DAE; (c) pod number/plant 42 DAE. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test at P≤0.05. Treatments: (1) ininoculated beans and N-fertillizer; (2) uninoculated beans and no N-fertiliser; (3) inoculated beans and no N-fertiliser; (4) bean-maize intercrop and fertilizer and no inoculation; (5) maize-bean intercrop uninoculated and no N-fertiliser; (6) maize bean intercrop inoculated and no N-fertiliser.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Effect of N source and cropping system on dry seed weight of common beans (a) total sed dry weight; (b) 100 seed dry weight. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test at P≤0.05. Treatments: (1) ininoculated beans and N-fertillizer; (2) uninoculated beans and no N-fertiliser; (3) inoculated beans and no N-fertiliser; (4) bean-maize intercrop and fertilizer and no inoculation; (5) maize-bean intercrop uninoculated and no N-fertiliser; (6) maize bean intercrop inoculated and no N-fertiliser.</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: Soil nitrogen (N) concentration in cropping systems with common beans and maize at Kiboko (topsoil, long rains (l.r.) 1997).</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: Soil phosphorous (P) concentration in cropping systems with common beans and maize at Kiboko (topsoil, long rains (l.r.) 1997).</note><note type="content">Table 1: Effects of intercropping on the yield of common beans and maize grown at Kiboko, Kenya, over two cropping seasons of 1997a</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Nitrogen fixation by common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in pure and mixed stands in semi-arid south-east Kenya</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">John M</forename><surname>Maingi</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Botany, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Chris A</forename><surname>Shisanya</surname></persName><email>shisanya@avu.org</email><note type="correspondence"><p>Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +254-2-606809</p></note><affiliation>Department of Geography, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Nkanata M</forename><surname>Gitonga</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Botany, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Berthold</forename><surname>Hornetz</surname></persName><affiliation>FB VI/Geogr.- Geosciences, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">European Journal of Agronomy</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">EURAGR</title><idno type="pISSN">1161-0301</idno><idno type="PII">S1161-0301(00)X0021-4</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2001"></date><biblScope unit="volume">14</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="12">12</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">558C62162108FEA361B12674C8A5D6EE79BA5DB0</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S1161-0301(00)00080-0</idno><idno type="PII">S1161-0301(00)00080-0</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2001</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Research was carried out in the field on the effect of intercropping common bean and maize crops in a semi-arid zone of south-east Kenya over two rainy seasons in 1997. The experimental design was a randomised complete block design with eight treatments replicated four times. Significant differences were observed in total plant dry weight by the different treatments in pure stands, 21 days after emergence with higher values under mixed cropping system in common beans. However, at 42 days after emergence, plant dry weights in uninoculated common bean pure stands with N application were significantly higher than under other treatments. Common bean yields were significantly reduced by the maize intercrop. The inoculated common bean and N application treatment recorded the largest seed dry weights and subsequently yields per hectare. These findings suggest that intercropping common beans and maize considerably suppresses the yield of the former under the semi-arid conditions of south-east Kenya. Inoculation of common bean with the commercially available Rhizobium strain 446 on the other hand was effective and improved yields. Soil analysis of the experimental plots before and after one cropping season indicated that common beans increased N slightly or maintained it at the pre-planting levels. This was unlike the pure maize plots where there was a marked decline in soil N. There was however, a marked increase in soil phosphorus in all treatment plots.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Common bean</term></item><item><term>Crop yield</term></item><item><term>Inoculation</term></item><item><term>Intercropping</term></item><item><term>Nodulation</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2001">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/558C62162108FEA361B12674C8A5D6EE79BA5DB0/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1ab" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1ab"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1c" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1c"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr2ab" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr2ab"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr2cd" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr2cd"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr3ab" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr3ab"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr3c" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr3c"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr4" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr4"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr5" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr5"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr6" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr6"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla" xml:lang="en"><item-info><jid>EURAGR</jid><aid>2245</aid><ce:pii>S1161-0301(00)00080-0</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S1161-0301(00)00080-0</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="2001">Elsevier Science B.V.</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Nitrogen fixation by common bean (<ce:italic>Phaseolus vulgaris</ce:italic> L.) in pure and mixed stands in semi-arid south-east Kenya</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>John M</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Maingi</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Chris A</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Shisanya</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="CORR1">*</ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>shisanya@avu.org</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Nkanata M</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Gitonga</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Berthold</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hornetz</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF3"><ce:sup>c</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Botany, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Geography, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF3"><ce:label>c</ce:label><ce:textfn>FB VI/Geogr.- Geosciences, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="CORR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +254-2-606809</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="5" month="10" year="1999"></ce:date-received><ce:date-accepted day="13" month="4" year="2000"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Research was carried out in the field on the effect of intercropping common bean and maize crops in a semi-arid zone of south-east Kenya over two rainy seasons in 1997. The experimental design was a randomised complete block design with eight treatments replicated four times. Significant differences were observed in total plant dry weight by the different treatments in pure stands, 21 days after emergence with higher values under mixed cropping system in common beans. However, at 42 days after emergence, plant dry weights in uninoculated common bean pure stands with N application were significantly higher than under other treatments. Common bean yields were significantly reduced by the maize intercrop. The inoculated common bean and N application treatment recorded the largest seed dry weights and subsequently yields per hectare. These findings suggest that intercropping common beans and maize considerably suppresses the yield of the former under the semi-arid conditions of south-east Kenya. Inoculation of common bean with the commercially available <ce:italic>Rhizobium</ce:italic> strain 446 on the other hand was effective and improved yields. Soil analysis of the experimental plots before and after one cropping season indicated that common beans increased N slightly or maintained it at the pre-planting levels. This was unlike the pure maize plots where there was a marked decline in soil N. There was however, a marked increase in soil phosphorus in all treatment plots.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Common bean</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Crop yield</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Inoculation</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Intercropping</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Nodulation</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Nitrogen fixation by common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in pure and mixed stands in semi-arid south-east Kenya</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Nitrogen fixation by common bean (</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John M</namePart><namePart type="family">Maingi</namePart><affiliation>Department of Botany, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Chris A</namePart><namePart type="family">Shisanya</namePart><affiliation>E-mail: shisanya@avu.org</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Geography, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya</affiliation><description>Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +254-2-606809</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Nkanata M</namePart><namePart type="family">Gitonga</namePart><affiliation>Department of Botany, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Berthold</namePart><namePart type="family">Hornetz</namePart><affiliation>FB VI/Geogr.- Geosciences, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2001</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2001</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Research was carried out in the field on the effect of intercropping common bean and maize crops in a semi-arid zone of south-east Kenya over two rainy seasons in 1997. The experimental design was a randomised complete block design with eight treatments replicated four times. Significant differences were observed in total plant dry weight by the different treatments in pure stands, 21 days after emergence with higher values under mixed cropping system in common beans. However, at 42 days after emergence, plant dry weights in uninoculated common bean pure stands with N application were significantly higher than under other treatments. Common bean yields were significantly reduced by the maize intercrop. The inoculated common bean and N application treatment recorded the largest seed dry weights and subsequently yields per hectare. These findings suggest that intercropping common beans and maize considerably suppresses the yield of the former under the semi-arid conditions of south-east Kenya. Inoculation of common bean with the commercially available Rhizobium strain 446 on the other hand was effective and improved yields. Soil analysis of the experimental plots before and after one cropping season indicated that common beans increased N slightly or maintained it at the pre-planting levels. This was unlike the pure maize plots where there was a marked decline in soil N. There was however, a marked increase in soil phosphorus in all treatment plots.</abstract><note type="content">Fig. 1: Effect of N source and cropping system on per plant dry weight of common beans (a) 21 DAE; (b) 42 DAE; (c) 70 DAE. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test at P≤0.05. Treatments: (1) uninoculated beans and N-fertilizer; (2) uninoculated beans and no N-fertiliser; (3) inoculated beans and no N-fertiliser; (4) bean-maize intercrop and N-fertilizer and no-inoculation; (5) maize-bean intercrop uninoculated and no N-fertiliser; (6) maize-bean intercrop inoculated and no N-fertiliser.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Effect of N source and cropping system on nodules of beans (a) nodule dry weights 21 DAE; (b) nodule dry weights at 42 DAE; (c) nodule number 21 DAE; (d) nodule number at 42 DAE. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test at P≤0.05. Treatments: (1) ininoculated beans and N-fertillizer; (2) uninoculated beans and no N-fertiliser; (3) inoculated beans and no N-fertiliser; (4) bean-maize intercrop and fertilizer and no inoculation; (5) maize-bean intercrop uninoculated and no N-fertiliser; (6) maize bean intercrop inoculated and no N-fertiliser.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Effect of N source and cropping system on pods of common beans (a) pod dry weight/plant at 42 DAE; (b) pod dry weight/plant at 70 DAE; (c) pod number/plant 42 DAE. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test at P≤0.05. Treatments: (1) ininoculated beans and N-fertillizer; (2) uninoculated beans and no N-fertiliser; (3) inoculated beans and no N-fertiliser; (4) bean-maize intercrop and fertilizer and no inoculation; (5) maize-bean intercrop uninoculated and no N-fertiliser; (6) maize bean intercrop inoculated and no N-fertiliser.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Effect of N source and cropping system on dry seed weight of common beans (a) total sed dry weight; (b) 100 seed dry weight. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test at P≤0.05. Treatments: (1) ininoculated beans and N-fertillizer; (2) uninoculated beans and no N-fertiliser; (3) inoculated beans and no N-fertiliser; (4) bean-maize intercrop and fertilizer and no inoculation; (5) maize-bean intercrop uninoculated and no N-fertiliser; (6) maize bean intercrop inoculated and no N-fertiliser.</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: Soil nitrogen (N) concentration in cropping systems with common beans and maize at Kiboko (topsoil, long rains (l.r.) 1997).</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: Soil phosphorous (P) concentration in cropping systems with common beans and maize at Kiboko (topsoil, long rains (l.r.) 1997).</note><note type="content">Table 1: Effects of intercropping on the yield of common beans and maize grown at Kiboko, Kenya, over two cropping seasons of 1997a</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Common bean</topic><topic>Crop yield</topic><topic>Inoculation</topic><topic>Intercropping</topic><topic>Nodulation</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>European Journal of Agronomy</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>EURAGR</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">200101</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">1161-0301</identifier><identifier type="PII">S1161-0301(00)X0021-4</identifier><part><date>200101</date><detail type="volume"><number>14</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>1</start><end>79</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>12</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">558C62162108FEA361B12674C8A5D6EE79BA5DB0</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S1161-0301(00)00080-0</identifier><identifier type="PII">S1161-0301(00)00080-0</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©2001 Elsevier Science B.V.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science B.V., ©2001</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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