Effects of herbivory on the production ecology of the perennial grass Leptothrium senegalense (Kunth.) in the arid lands of Northern Kenya
Identifieur interne : 001674 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001673; suivant : 001675Effects of herbivory on the production ecology of the perennial grass Leptothrium senegalense (Kunth.) in the arid lands of Northern Kenya
Auteurs : George A. KeyaSource :
- Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment [ 0167-8809 ] ; 1997.
Abstract
The graminoid layer forms an important forage resource for the extensive livestock production system of northern Kenya. However, in recent years, increased grazing pressure resulting primarily from exogenous influences has had severe impact on this very basic resource. The result is land degradation and a threat to the very existence of the nomads and their herds. To assess this impact, investigations were conducted on the perennial grass Leptothrium senegalense, to determine its production in relation to grazing pressure. Peak standing aboveground production was 0.2–46.8 kg/ha and 16.7–256.7 kg/ha on grazed and protected sites, respectively over a 3-year period. Rainfall also influenced production on the protected and seasonally grazed sites. The direct effect of grazing was a reduction in plant size. Based on height measurements, 70.6–78.2% and 85.3–100% was estimated to be removed by seasonal and year-long grazing, respectively. Simulated defoliation confirmed that grazing had its most significant impact on residual mass and reproduction capacity, leading to a reduction in the survival fitness of this species. Results also indicated that production of L. senegalense is water-limited, and that water stress may interact with intense grazing to limit its production and recruitment success. It is suggested that to optimise yield to grazers while ensuring reproductive success, grazing should be moderate to leave stubbles of about 15 cm. At this stubble height, adequate residual mass necessary for regrowth is also assured. In the light of this study, absence of L. senegalense can be considered a bio-indicator of overgrazing in the aird lowlands of the Rendille ecosystem.
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DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00066-2
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Keya</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Arid Lands Research Centre, PO Box 147, Marsabit, Kenya</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: keya@uni-trier.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">AGEE</title><idno type="ISSN">0167-8809</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1997">1997</date><biblScope unit="volume">66</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="101">101</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="111">111</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0167-8809</idno></series><idno type="istex">0B9860EA28EBE7C41E0377B9D04ED9CD94DDB06E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00066-2</idno><idno type="PII">S0167-8809(97)00066-2</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0167-8809</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The graminoid layer forms an important forage resource for the extensive livestock production system of northern Kenya. However, in recent years, increased grazing pressure resulting primarily from exogenous influences has had severe impact on this very basic resource. The result is land degradation and a threat to the very existence of the nomads and their herds. To assess this impact, investigations were conducted on the perennial grass Leptothrium senegalense, to determine its production in relation to grazing pressure. Peak standing aboveground production was 0.2–46.8 kg/ha and 16.7–256.7 kg/ha on grazed and protected sites, respectively over a 3-year period. Rainfall also influenced production on the protected and seasonally grazed sites. The direct effect of grazing was a reduction in plant size. Based on height measurements, 70.6–78.2% and 85.3–100% was estimated to be removed by seasonal and year-long grazing, respectively. Simulated defoliation confirmed that grazing had its most significant impact on residual mass and reproduction capacity, leading to a reduction in the survival fitness of this species. Results also indicated that production of L. senegalense is water-limited, and that water stress may interact with intense grazing to limit its production and recruitment success. It is suggested that to optimise yield to grazers while ensuring reproductive success, grazing should be moderate to leave stubbles of about 15 cm. At this stubble height, adequate residual mass necessary for regrowth is also assured. In the light of this study, absence of L. senegalense can be considered a bio-indicator of overgrazing in the aird lowlands of the Rendille ecosystem.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>George A. 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Simulated defoliation confirmed that grazing had its most significant impact on residual mass and reproduction capacity, leading to a reduction in the survival fitness of this species. Results also indicated that production of L. senegalense is water-limited, and that water stress may interact with intense grazing to limit its production and recruitment success. It is suggested that to optimise yield to grazers while ensuring reproductive success, grazing should be moderate to leave stubbles of about 15 cm. At this stubble height, adequate residual mass necessary for regrowth is also assured. 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C/O Dr. B. Hornetz, Department of Geography and Geosciences, Trier University, PO Box 3825, D-54286, Trier, Germany. Tel.: + 49-651-2014538; fax: +49-651-2013980</p></note><affiliation>National Arid Lands Research Centre, PO Box 147, Marsabit, Kenya</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">AGEE</title><idno type="pISSN">0167-8809</idno><idno type="PII">S0167-8809(00)X0034-5</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1997"></date><biblScope unit="volume">66</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="101">101</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="111">111</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">0B9860EA28EBE7C41E0377B9D04ED9CD94DDB06E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00066-2</idno><idno type="PII">S0167-8809(97)00066-2</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1997</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The graminoid layer forms an important forage resource for the extensive livestock production system of northern Kenya. However, in recent years, increased grazing pressure resulting primarily from exogenous influences has had severe impact on this very basic resource. The result is land degradation and a threat to the very existence of the nomads and their herds. To assess this impact, investigations were conducted on the perennial grass Leptothrium senegalense, to determine its production in relation to grazing pressure. Peak standing aboveground production was 0.2–46.8 kg/ha and 16.7–256.7 kg/ha on grazed and protected sites, respectively over a 3-year period. Rainfall also influenced production on the protected and seasonally grazed sites. The direct effect of grazing was a reduction in plant size. Based on height measurements, 70.6–78.2% and 85.3–100% was estimated to be removed by seasonal and year-long grazing, respectively. Simulated defoliation confirmed that grazing had its most significant impact on residual mass and reproduction capacity, leading to a reduction in the survival fitness of this species. Results also indicated that production of L. senegalense is water-limited, and that water stress may interact with intense grazing to limit its production and recruitment success. It is suggested that to optimise yield to grazers while ensuring reproductive success, grazing should be moderate to leave stubbles of about 15 cm. At this stubble height, adequate residual mass necessary for regrowth is also assured. In the light of this study, absence of L. senegalense can be considered a bio-indicator of overgrazing in the aird lowlands of the Rendille ecosystem.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Leptothrium senegalense</term></item><item><term>Perennial</term></item><item><term>Graminoid</term></item><item><term>Grazing</term></item><item><term>Rendille</term></item><item><term>Northern Kenya</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1997">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/0B9860EA28EBE7C41E0377B9D04ED9CD94DDB06E/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>AGEE</jid><aid>97000662</aid><ce:pii>S0167-8809(97)00066-2</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00066-2</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1997"></ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Effects of herbivory on the production ecology of the perennial grass <ce:italic>Leptothrium senegalense</ce:italic> (Kunth.) in the arid lands of Northern Kenya</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>George A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Keya</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="COR1"><ce:sup>∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>keya@uni-trier.de</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:affiliation><ce:textfn>National Arid Lands Research Centre, PO Box 147, Marsabit, Kenya</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="COR1"><ce:label>∗</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author. C/O Dr. B. Hornetz, Department of Geography and Geosciences, Trier University, PO Box 3825, D-54286, Trier, Germany. Tel.: + 49-651-2014538; fax: +49-651-2013980</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-accepted day="10" month="3" year="1997"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>The graminoid layer forms an important forage resource for the extensive livestock production system of northern Kenya. However, in recent years, increased grazing pressure resulting primarily from exogenous influences has had severe impact on this very basic resource. The result is land degradation and a threat to the very existence of the nomads and their herds. To assess this impact, investigations were conducted on the perennial grass <ce:italic>Leptothrium senegalense</ce:italic>, to determine its production in relation to grazing pressure. Peak standing aboveground production was 0.2–46.8 kg/ha and 16.7–256.7 kg/ha on grazed and protected sites, respectively over a 3-year period. Rainfall also influenced production on the protected and seasonally grazed sites. The direct effect of grazing was a reduction in plant size. Based on height measurements, 70.6–78.2% and 85.3–100% was estimated to be removed by seasonal and year-long grazing, respectively. Simulated defoliation confirmed that grazing had its most significant impact on residual mass and reproduction capacity, leading to a reduction in the survival fitness of this species. Results also indicated that production of <ce:italic>L. senegalense</ce:italic> is water-limited, and that water stress may interact with intense grazing to limit its production and recruitment success. It is suggested that to optimise yield to grazers while ensuring reproductive success, grazing should be moderate to leave stubbles of about 15 cm. At this stubble height, adequate residual mass necessary for regrowth is also assured. In the light of this study, absence of <ce:italic>L. senegalense</ce:italic> can be considered a bio-indicator of overgrazing in the aird lowlands of the Rendille ecosystem.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text><ce:italic>Leptothrium senegalense</ce:italic></ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Perennial</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Graminoid</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Grazing</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Rendille</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Northern Kenya</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Effects of herbivory on the production ecology of the perennial grass Leptothrium senegalense (Kunth.) in the arid lands of Northern Kenya</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Effects of herbivory on the production ecology of the perennial grass</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">George A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Keya</namePart><affiliation>National Arid Lands Research Centre, PO Box 147, Marsabit, Kenya</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: keya@uni-trier.de</affiliation><description>Corresponding author. C/O Dr. B. Hornetz, Department of Geography and Geosciences, Trier University, PO Box 3825, D-54286, Trier, Germany. Tel.: + 49-651-2014538; fax: +49-651-2013980</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1997</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1997</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The graminoid layer forms an important forage resource for the extensive livestock production system of northern Kenya. However, in recent years, increased grazing pressure resulting primarily from exogenous influences has had severe impact on this very basic resource. The result is land degradation and a threat to the very existence of the nomads and their herds. To assess this impact, investigations were conducted on the perennial grass Leptothrium senegalense, to determine its production in relation to grazing pressure. Peak standing aboveground production was 0.2–46.8 kg/ha and 16.7–256.7 kg/ha on grazed and protected sites, respectively over a 3-year period. Rainfall also influenced production on the protected and seasonally grazed sites. The direct effect of grazing was a reduction in plant size. Based on height measurements, 70.6–78.2% and 85.3–100% was estimated to be removed by seasonal and year-long grazing, respectively. Simulated defoliation confirmed that grazing had its most significant impact on residual mass and reproduction capacity, leading to a reduction in the survival fitness of this species. Results also indicated that production of L. senegalense is water-limited, and that water stress may interact with intense grazing to limit its production and recruitment success. It is suggested that to optimise yield to grazers while ensuring reproductive success, grazing should be moderate to leave stubbles of about 15 cm. At this stubble height, adequate residual mass necessary for regrowth is also assured. In the light of this study, absence of L. senegalense can be considered a bio-indicator of overgrazing in the aird lowlands of the Rendille ecosystem.</abstract><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Leptothrium senegalense</topic><topic>Perennial</topic><topic>Graminoid</topic><topic>Grazing</topic><topic>Rendille</topic><topic>Northern Kenya</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>AGEE</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">19971201</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0167-8809</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0167-8809(00)X0034-5</identifier><part><date>19971201</date><detail type="volume"><number>66</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>2</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>89</start><end>177</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>101</start><end>111</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">0B9860EA28EBE7C41E0377B9D04ED9CD94DDB06E</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00066-2</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0167-8809(97)00066-2</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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