Aversive associative conditioning of prepulses in a startle inhibition paradigm
Identifieur interne : 001445 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001444; suivant : 001446Aversive associative conditioning of prepulses in a startle inhibition paradigm
Auteurs : Frauke Nees ; Melanie Hahn ; André Schulz ; Terry D. Blumenthal ; Hartmut Sch ChingerSource :
- Psychophysiology [ 0048-5772 ] ; 2009-05.
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Abstract
Prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) represents an automatic mechanism that reflects sensorimotor gating and early attention processes. PPI neither is the consequence of conscious behavioral modulation nor does it depend on learning and conditioning. However, pairing of weak tones and aversive startle stimuli during PPI testing may induce associative learning. Thus, in the present study (n=60) we tested whether prepulses may be subject to aversive conditioning. Eyeblink EMG and electrodermal responses to intense (100 dB) acoustic stimuli, presented either alone or preceded by weak tones (prepulses, 50 ms, 70 dB, SOA=120 ms), were measured. We found that after strong contingent pairing of weak tones with startle stimuli (PPI paradigm) intense versions of these tones induced significantly larger eyeblink and skin conductance responses than did never paired control tones. We conclude that during PPI testing, prepulses may be subject to aversive conditioning.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00792.x
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Aversive associative conditioning of prepulses in a startle inhibition paradigm</title><author><name sortKey="Nees, Frauke" sort="Nees, Frauke" uniqKey="Nees F" first="Frauke" last="Nees">Frauke Nees</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hahn, Melanie" sort="Hahn, Melanie" uniqKey="Hahn M" first="Melanie" last="Hahn">Melanie Hahn</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schulz, Andre" sort="Schulz, Andre" uniqKey="Schulz A" first="André" last="Schulz">André Schulz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blumenthal, Terry D" sort="Blumenthal, Terry D" uniqKey="Blumenthal T" first="Terry D." last="Blumenthal">Terry D. Blumenthal</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sch Chinger, Hartmut" sort="Sch Chinger, Hartmut" uniqKey="Sch Chinger H" first="Hartmut" last="Sch Chinger">Hartmut Sch Chinger</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:29D977ECD4131BA97FC9AE2D8C1F355F72DDE37A</idno><date when="2009" year="2009">2009</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00792.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/29D977ECD4131BA97FC9AE2D8C1F355F72DDE37A/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001445</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001445</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Aversive associative conditioning of prepulses in a startle inhibition paradigm</title><author><name sortKey="Nees, Frauke" sort="Nees, Frauke" uniqKey="Nees F" first="Frauke" last="Nees">Frauke Nees</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hahn, Melanie" sort="Hahn, Melanie" uniqKey="Hahn M" first="Melanie" last="Hahn">Melanie Hahn</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schulz, Andre" sort="Schulz, Andre" uniqKey="Schulz A" first="André" last="Schulz">André Schulz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blumenthal, Terry D" sort="Blumenthal, Terry D" uniqKey="Blumenthal T" first="Terry D." last="Blumenthal">Terry D. Blumenthal</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sch Chinger, Hartmut" sort="Sch Chinger, Hartmut" uniqKey="Sch Chinger H" first="Hartmut" last="Sch Chinger">Hartmut Sch Chinger</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Psychophysiology</title><idno type="ISSN">0048-5772</idno><idno type="eISSN">1469-8986</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><pubPlace>Malden, USA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2009-05">2009-05</date><biblScope unit="volume">46</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="481">481</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="486">486</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0048-5772</idno></series><idno type="istex">29D977ECD4131BA97FC9AE2D8C1F355F72DDE37A</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00792.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">PSYP792</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0048-5772</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Conditioning</term><term>EMG</term><term>Electrodermal</term><term>Startle blink</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) represents an automatic mechanism that reflects sensorimotor gating and early attention processes. PPI neither is the consequence of conscious behavioral modulation nor does it depend on learning and conditioning. However, pairing of weak tones and aversive startle stimuli during PPI testing may induce associative learning. Thus, in the present study (n=60) we tested whether prepulses may be subject to aversive conditioning. Eyeblink EMG and electrodermal responses to intense (100 dB) acoustic stimuli, presented either alone or preceded by weak tones (prepulses, 50 ms, 70 dB, SOA=120 ms), were measured. We found that after strong contingent pairing of weak tones with startle stimuli (PPI paradigm) intense versions of these tones induced significantly larger eyeblink and skin conductance responses than did never paired control tones. We conclude that during PPI testing, prepulses may be subject to aversive conditioning.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Frauke Nees</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Melanie Hahn</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>André Schulz</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Terry D. Blumenthal</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Hartmut Schächinger</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Conditioning</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Startle blink</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>EMG</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Electrodermal</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>PSYP792</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) represents an automatic mechanism that reflects sensorimotor gating and early attention processes. PPI neither is the consequence of conscious behavioral modulation nor does it depend on learning and conditioning. However, pairing of weak tones and aversive startle stimuli during PPI testing may induce associative learning. Thus, in the present study (n=60) we tested whether prepulses may be subject to aversive conditioning. Eyeblink EMG and electrodermal responses to intense (100 dB) acoustic stimuli, presented either alone or preceded by weak tones (prepulses, 50 ms, 70 dB, SOA=120 ms), were measured. We found that after strong contingent pairing of weak tones with startle stimuli (PPI paradigm) intense versions of these tones induced significantly larger eyeblink and skin conductance responses than did never paired control tones. 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Brown</name></json:item></author><host><volume>31</volume><pages><last>281</last><first>272</first></pages><author></author><title>Neurology</title></host><title>Light‐stimulus evoked blink reflex</title></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>46</volume><publisherId><json:string>PSYP</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>6</total><last>486</last><first>481</first></pages><issn><json:string>0048-5772</json:string></issn><issue>3</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1469-8986</json:string></eissn><title>Psychophysiology</title><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1469-8986</json:string></doi></host><categories><wos><json:string>social science</json:string><json:string>psychology, experimental</json:string><json:string>psychology, biological</json:string><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>psychology</json:string><json:string>physiology</json:string><json:string>neurosciences</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>health sciences</json:string><json:string>psychology & cognitive sciences</json:string><json:string>experimental psychology</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2009</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2009</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00792.x</json:string></doi><id>29D977ECD4131BA97FC9AE2D8C1F355F72DDE37A</id><score>1.5227721</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/29D977ECD4131BA97FC9AE2D8C1F355F72DDE37A/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/29D977ECD4131BA97FC9AE2D8C1F355F72DDE37A/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/29D977ECD4131BA97FC9AE2D8C1F355F72DDE37A/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Aversive associative conditioning of prepulses in a startle inhibition paradigm</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><pubPlace>Malden, USA</pubPlace><availability><p>Copyright © 2009 Society for Psychophysiological Research</p></availability><date>2009</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Aversive associative conditioning of prepulses in a startle inhibition paradigm</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Frauke</forename><surname>Nees</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Melanie</forename><surname>Hahn</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">André</forename><surname>Schulz</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Terry D.</forename><surname>Blumenthal</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Hartmut</forename><surname>Schächinger</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Psychophysiology</title><idno type="pISSN">0048-5772</idno><idno type="eISSN">1469-8986</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1469-8986</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><pubPlace>Malden, USA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2009-05"></date><biblScope unit="volume">46</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="481">481</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="486">486</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">29D977ECD4131BA97FC9AE2D8C1F355F72DDE37A</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00792.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">PSYP792</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2009</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) represents an automatic mechanism that reflects sensorimotor gating and early attention processes. PPI neither is the consequence of conscious behavioral modulation nor does it depend on learning and conditioning. However, pairing of weak tones and aversive startle stimuli during PPI testing may induce associative learning. Thus, in the present study (n=60) we tested whether prepulses may be subject to aversive conditioning. Eyeblink EMG and electrodermal responses to intense (100 dB) acoustic stimuli, presented either alone or preceded by weak tones (prepulses, 50 ms, 70 dB, SOA=120 ms), were measured. We found that after strong contingent pairing of weak tones with startle stimuli (PPI paradigm) intense versions of these tones induced significantly larger eyeblink and skin conductance responses than did never paired control tones. We conclude that during PPI testing, prepulses may be subject to aversive conditioning.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>Conditioning</term></item><item><term>Startle blink</term></item><item><term>EMG</term></item><item><term>Electrodermal</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2009-05">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/29D977ECD4131BA97FC9AE2D8C1F355F72DDE37A/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisherName><publisherLoc>Malden, USA</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1469-8986</doi><issn type="print">0048-5772</issn><issn type="electronic">1469-8986</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="PSYP"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY">Psychophysiology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="05003"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/psyp.2009.46.issue-3</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="46">46</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="3">3</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2009-05">May 2009</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="5" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00792.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="PSYP792"></id><id type="supplier" value="792"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="6"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Original Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright>Copyright © 2009 Society for Psychophysiological Research</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2009-02-17"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2009-04-07"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-03"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-07"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-11-03"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="481">481</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="486">486</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Address reprint requests to: Hartmut Schächinger or Frauke Nees, Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, 54290 Trier, Germany. E‐mail: <email normalForm="schaechi@uni-trier.de">schaechi@uni‐trier.de</email> or <email normalForm="frauke.nees@zi-mannheim.de">frauke.nees@zi‐mannheim.de</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:PSYP.PSYP792.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>(Received October 30, 2007; Accepted July 28, 2008)</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="4"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="0"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="5"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="40"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="6590"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="35"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Aversive associative conditioning of prepulses in a startle inhibition paradigm</title><title type="shortAuthors">F. Nees et al.</title><title type="short">PPI and aversive conditioning</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Frauke</givenNames><familyName>Nees</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Melanie</givenNames><familyName>Hahn</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>André</givenNames><familyName>Schulz</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>Terry D.</givenNames><familyName>Blumenthal</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Hartmut</givenNames><familyName>Schächinger</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">Conditioning</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">Startle blink</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">EMG</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">Electrodermal</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) represents an automatic mechanism that reflects sensorimotor gating and early attention processes. PPI neither is the consequence of conscious behavioral modulation nor does it depend on learning and conditioning. However, pairing of weak tones and aversive startle stimuli during PPI testing may induce associative learning. Thus, in the present study (<i>n</i>=60) we tested whether prepulses may be subject to aversive conditioning. Eyeblink EMG and electrodermal responses to intense (100 dB) acoustic stimuli, presented either alone or preceded by weak tones (prepulses, 50 ms, 70 dB, SOA=120 ms), were measured. We found that after strong contingent pairing of weak tones with startle stimuli (PPI paradigm) intense versions of these tones induced significantly larger eyeblink and skin conductance responses than did never paired control tones. We conclude that during PPI testing, prepulses may be subject to aversive conditioning.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1" numbered="no"><p>Frauke Nees, André Schulz, and Hartmut Schächinger are members of the International Research Training Group “Psychoneuroendocrinology of Stress—From Molecules and Genes to Affect and Cognition,” funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft), grant GRK 1389/1.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Aversive associative conditioning of prepulses in a startle inhibition paradigm</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>PPI and aversive conditioning</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Aversive associative conditioning of prepulses in a startle inhibition paradigm</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Frauke</namePart><namePart type="family">Nees</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Melanie</namePart><namePart type="family">Hahn</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">André</namePart><namePart type="family">Schulz</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Terry D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Blumenthal</namePart><affiliation>Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hartmut</namePart><namePart type="family">Schächinger</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Malden, USA</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2009-05</dateIssued><edition>(Received October 30, 2007; Accepted July 28, 2008)</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2009</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">4</extent><extent unit="formulas">5</extent><extent unit="references">40</extent><extent unit="words">6590</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) represents an automatic mechanism that reflects sensorimotor gating and early attention processes. PPI neither is the consequence of conscious behavioral modulation nor does it depend on learning and conditioning. However, pairing of weak tones and aversive startle stimuli during PPI testing may induce associative learning. Thus, in the present study (n=60) we tested whether prepulses may be subject to aversive conditioning. Eyeblink EMG and electrodermal responses to intense (100 dB) acoustic stimuli, presented either alone or preceded by weak tones (prepulses, 50 ms, 70 dB, SOA=120 ms), were measured. We found that after strong contingent pairing of weak tones with startle stimuli (PPI paradigm) intense versions of these tones induced significantly larger eyeblink and skin conductance responses than did never paired control tones. We conclude that during PPI testing, prepulses may be subject to aversive conditioning.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Conditioning</topic><topic>Startle blink</topic><topic>EMG</topic><topic>Electrodermal</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Psychophysiology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0048-5772</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1469-8986</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1469-8986</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">PSYP</identifier><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>46</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>481</start><end>486</end><total>6</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">29D977ECD4131BA97FC9AE2D8C1F355F72DDE37A</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00792.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">PSYP792</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2009 Society for Psychophysiological Research</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Inc</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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