Pituitary and adrenal hormone responses to pharmacological, physical, and psychological stimulation in habitual smokers and nonsmokers
Identifieur interne : 001397 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001396; suivant : 001398Pituitary and adrenal hormone responses to pharmacological, physical, and psychological stimulation in habitual smokers and nonsmokers
Auteurs : C. Kirschbaum ; G. Scherer ; C. J. StrasburgerSource :
- The clinical investigator [ 0941-0198 ] ; 1994-10-01.
Abstract
Abstract: Hormone responses to injection of corticotropin-releasing hormone following bicycle ergometry and psychological stress were studied in ten habitual smokers and ten nonsmokers. Compared to injection of saline, significant increases were found in adrenocorticotropin, prolactin, growth hormone, total serum cortisol, and salivary cortisol under all three stimulations except for salivary cortisol under ergometry. Furthermore, the smokers showed significant elevations of all five hormones investigated following the smoking of two cigarettes of the subject's preferred brand. Comparisons of hormone responses between smokers and nonsmokers revealed a general trend towards stronger responses in nonsmokers. However, due to the small number of subjects investigated and considerable variation in the individual hormone responses these differences reached statistical significance only for growth hormone responses following ergometry and salivary cortisol responses after psychological stress. In addition, the circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol was measured on two occasions between 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. in the subject's natural environment. The typical circadian pattern of decreasing cortisol levels was observed, with no significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers. We conclude that chronic nicotine consumption may lead to lower responses of multiple hormones not only to nicotine but to a variety of stimuli, and that these alterations do not necessarily affect unstimulated circadian profiles of free cortisol.
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DOI: 10.1007/BF00180552
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ISTEX:284710DE860987A53652400E229CAD6ADFC3A320Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Pituitary and adrenal hormone responses to pharmacological, physical, and psychological stimulation in habitual smokers and nonsmokers</title><author><name sortKey="Kirschbaum, C" sort="Kirschbaum, C" uniqKey="Kirschbaum C" first="C." last="Kirschbaum">C. Kirschbaum</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Forschungszentrum für Psychobiologie und Psychosomatik, Universität Trier, Universitätsring 15, D-54286, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scherer, G" sort="Scherer, G" uniqKey="Scherer G" first="G." last="Scherer">G. Scherer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Analytisch-biologisches Forschungslabor, Prof. Dr. F. Adlkofer, Munchen, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strasburger, C J" sort="Strasburger, C J" uniqKey="Strasburger C" first="C. J." last="Strasburger">C. J. Strasburger</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Universität München, Klinikum Innenstadt, Klinik für Innere Medizin, München, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:284710DE860987A53652400E229CAD6ADFC3A320</idno><date when="1994" year="1994">1994</date><idno type="doi">10.1007/BF00180552</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/284710DE860987A53652400E229CAD6ADFC3A320/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001397</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001397</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Pituitary and adrenal hormone responses to pharmacological, physical, and psychological stimulation in habitual smokers and nonsmokers</title><author><name sortKey="Kirschbaum, C" sort="Kirschbaum, C" uniqKey="Kirschbaum C" first="C." last="Kirschbaum">C. Kirschbaum</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Forschungszentrum für Psychobiologie und Psychosomatik, Universität Trier, Universitätsring 15, D-54286, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scherer, G" sort="Scherer, G" uniqKey="Scherer G" first="G." last="Scherer">G. Scherer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Analytisch-biologisches Forschungslabor, Prof. Dr. F. Adlkofer, Munchen, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strasburger, C J" sort="Strasburger, C J" uniqKey="Strasburger C" first="C. J." last="Strasburger">C. J. Strasburger</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Universität München, Klinikum Innenstadt, Klinik für Innere Medizin, München, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">The clinical investigator</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Clin Investig</title><idno type="ISSN">0941-0198</idno><idno type="eISSN">1432-1440</idno><imprint><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Berlin/Heidelberg</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1994-10-01">1994-10-01</date><biblScope unit="volume">72</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">10</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="804">804</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="810">810</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0941-0198</idno></series><idno type="istex">284710DE860987A53652400E229CAD6ADFC3A320</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/BF00180552</idno><idno type="ArticleID">BF00180552</idno><idno type="ArticleID">Art15</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0941-0198</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: Hormone responses to injection of corticotropin-releasing hormone following bicycle ergometry and psychological stress were studied in ten habitual smokers and ten nonsmokers. Compared to injection of saline, significant increases were found in adrenocorticotropin, prolactin, growth hormone, total serum cortisol, and salivary cortisol under all three stimulations except for salivary cortisol under ergometry. Furthermore, the smokers showed significant elevations of all five hormones investigated following the smoking of two cigarettes of the subject's preferred brand. Comparisons of hormone responses between smokers and nonsmokers revealed a general trend towards stronger responses in nonsmokers. However, due to the small number of subjects investigated and considerable variation in the individual hormone responses these differences reached statistical significance only for growth hormone responses following ergometry and salivary cortisol responses after psychological stress. In addition, the circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol was measured on two occasions between 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. in the subject's natural environment. The typical circadian pattern of decreasing cortisol levels was observed, with no significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers. We conclude that chronic nicotine consumption may lead to lower responses of multiple hormones not only to nicotine but to a variety of stimuli, and that these alterations do not necessarily affect unstimulated circadian profiles of free cortisol.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>springer</corpusName><author><json:item><name>C. Kirschbaum</name><affiliations><json:string>Forschungszentrum für Psychobiologie und Psychosomatik, Universität Trier, Universitätsring 15, D-54286, Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G. Scherer</name><affiliations><json:string>Analytisch-biologisches Forschungslabor, Prof. Dr. F. Adlkofer, Munchen, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C. J. Strasburger</name><affiliations><json:string>Universität München, Klinikum Innenstadt, Klinik für Innere Medizin, München, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>BF00180552</json:string><json:string>Art15</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>OriginalPaper</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Abstract: Hormone responses to injection of corticotropin-releasing hormone following bicycle ergometry and psychological stress were studied in ten habitual smokers and ten nonsmokers. Compared to injection of saline, significant increases were found in adrenocorticotropin, prolactin, growth hormone, total serum cortisol, and salivary cortisol under all three stimulations except for salivary cortisol under ergometry. Furthermore, the smokers showed significant elevations of all five hormones investigated following the smoking of two cigarettes of the subject's preferred brand. Comparisons of hormone responses between smokers and nonsmokers revealed a general trend towards stronger responses in nonsmokers. However, due to the small number of subjects investigated and considerable variation in the individual hormone responses these differences reached statistical significance only for growth hormone responses following ergometry and salivary cortisol responses after psychological stress. In addition, the circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol was measured on two occasions between 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. in the subject's natural environment. The typical circadian pattern of decreasing cortisol levels was observed, with no significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers. We conclude that chronic nicotine consumption may lead to lower responses of multiple hormones not only to nicotine but to a variety of stimuli, and that these alterations do not necessarily affect unstimulated circadian profiles of free cortisol.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>6.595</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>598 x 785 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>false</refBibsNative><keywordCount>0</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1536</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4099</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>22545</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>7</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>208</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Pituitary and adrenal hormone responses to pharmacological, physical, and psychological stimulation in habitual smokers and nonsmokers</title><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>K Fuxe</name></json:item><json:item><name>K Andersson</name></json:item><json:item><name>P Eneroth</name></json:item><json:item><name>A Harfstrand</name></json:item><json:item><name>Lf Agnati</name></json:item></author><host><volume>14</volume><pages><last>41</last><first>19</first></pages><author></author><title>Psychoneuroendocrinol</title><publicationDate>1989</publicationDate></host><title>Neuroendocrine actions of nicotine and of exposure to cigarette smoke: medical implications</title><publicationDate>1989</publicationDate></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>B H6kfelt</name></json:item></author><host><volume>369</volume><pages><last>124</last><first>123</first></pages><author></author><title>Acta Med Scand</title><publicationDate>1961</publicationDate></host><title>The effect of smoking on the production of adrenocorticoid hormones</title><publicationDate>1961</publicationDate></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>Pe Cryer</name></json:item><json:item><name>Mw Haymond</name></json:item><json:item><name>Jv Santiago</name></json:item><json:item><name>Sd Shah</name></json:item></author><host><volume>295</volume><pages><last>577</last><first>573</first></pages><author></author><title>N Engl J Med</title><publicationDate>1976</publicationDate></host><title>Norepinephrine and epinephrine release and adrenergic mediation of smoking-associated hemodynamic and metabolic events</title><publicationDate>1976</publicationDate></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>Ww Winternitz</name></json:item><json:item><name>D Quillen</name></json:item></author><host><volume>17</volume><pages><last>397</last><first>389</first></pages><author></author><title>J Clin Pharmacol</title><publicationDate>1977</publicationDate></host><title>Acute hormonal response to cigarette smoking</title><publicationDate>1977</publicationDate></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>P Hill</name></json:item><json:item><name>El Wynder</name></json:item></author><host><volume>87</volume><pages><last>496</last><first>491</first></pages><author></author><title>Am Heart J</title><publicationDate>1974</publicationDate></host><title>Smoking and cardiovascular disease Effect of nicotine on the serum epinephrine and corticoids</title><publicationDate>1974</publicationDate></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>Vv Gossain</name></json:item><json:item><name>Nk Sherma</name></json:item><json:item><name>L Srivastava</name></json:item><json:item><name>Am Michelakis</name></json:item><json:item><name>Dr Rovner</name></json:item></author><host><volume>291</volume><pages><last>327</last><first>325</first></pages><author></author><title>Am J Med Sci</title><publicationDate>1986</publicationDate></host><title>Hormonal effects of smoking. 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Adlkofer, Munchen, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Strasburger</surname></persName><affiliation>Universität München, Klinikum Innenstadt, Klinik für Innere Medizin, München, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">The clinical investigator</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Clin Investig</title><idno type="journal-ID">109</idno><idno type="pISSN">0941-0198</idno><idno type="eISSN">1432-1440</idno><idno type="issue-article-count">16</idno><idno type="volume-issue-count">12</idno><imprint><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Berlin/Heidelberg</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1994-10-01"></date><biblScope unit="volume">72</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">10</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="804">804</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="810">810</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">284710DE860987A53652400E229CAD6ADFC3A320</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/BF00180552</idno><idno type="ArticleID">BF00180552</idno><idno type="ArticleID">Art15</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1993-11-22</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract: Hormone responses to injection of corticotropin-releasing hormone following bicycle ergometry and psychological stress were studied in ten habitual smokers and ten nonsmokers. Compared to injection of saline, significant increases were found in adrenocorticotropin, prolactin, growth hormone, total serum cortisol, and salivary cortisol under all three stimulations except for salivary cortisol under ergometry. Furthermore, the smokers showed significant elevations of all five hormones investigated following the smoking of two cigarettes of the subject's preferred brand. Comparisons of hormone responses between smokers and nonsmokers revealed a general trend towards stronger responses in nonsmokers. However, due to the small number of subjects investigated and considerable variation in the individual hormone responses these differences reached statistical significance only for growth hormone responses following ergometry and salivary cortisol responses after psychological stress. In addition, the circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol was measured on two occasions between 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. in the subject's natural environment. The typical circadian pattern of decreasing cortisol levels was observed, with no significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers. We conclude that chronic nicotine consumption may lead to lower responses of multiple hormones not only to nicotine but to a variety of stimuli, and that these alterations do not necessarily affect unstimulated circadian profiles of free cortisol.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>Biomedicine</head><item><term>Molecular Medicine</term></item><item><term>Internal Medicine</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1993-11-22">Created</change><change when="1994-10-01">Published</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2016-11-22">References added</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2017-01-21">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/284710DE860987A53652400E229CAD6ADFC3A320/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Springer, Publisher found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//Springer-Verlag//DTD A++ V2.4//EN" URI="http://devel.springer.de/A++/V2.4/DTD/A++V2.4.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><Publisher><PublisherInfo><PublisherName>Springer-Verlag</PublisherName><PublisherLocation>Berlin/Heidelberg</PublisherLocation></PublisherInfo><Journal><JournalInfo JournalProductType="ArchiveJournal" NumberingStyle="Unnumbered"><JournalID>109</JournalID><JournalPrintISSN>0941-0198</JournalPrintISSN><JournalElectronicISSN>1432-1440</JournalElectronicISSN><JournalTitle>The clinical investigator</JournalTitle><JournalAbbreviatedTitle>Clin Investig</JournalAbbreviatedTitle><JournalSubjectGroup><JournalSubject Type="Primary">Biomedicine</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Molecular Medicine</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Internal Medicine</JournalSubject></JournalSubjectGroup></JournalInfo><Volume><VolumeInfo VolumeType="Regular" TocLevels="0"><VolumeIDStart>72</VolumeIDStart><VolumeIDEnd>72</VolumeIDEnd><VolumeIssueCount>12</VolumeIssueCount></VolumeInfo><Issue IssueType="Regular"><IssueInfo TocLevels="0"><IssueIDStart>10</IssueIDStart><IssueIDEnd>10</IssueIDEnd><IssueArticleCount>16</IssueArticleCount><IssueHistory><CoverDate><Year>1994</Year><Month>10</Month></CoverDate></IssueHistory><IssueCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>1994</CopyrightYear></IssueCopyright></IssueInfo><Article ID="Art15"><ArticleInfo Language="En" ArticleType="OriginalPaper" NumberingStyle="Unnumbered" TocLevels="0" ContainsESM="No"><ArticleID>BF00180552</ArticleID><ArticleDOI>10.1007/BF00180552</ArticleDOI><ArticleSequenceNumber>15</ArticleSequenceNumber><ArticleTitle Language="En">Pituitary and adrenal hormone responses to pharmacological, physical, and psychological stimulation in habitual smokers and nonsmokers</ArticleTitle><ArticleCategory>Original Article</ArticleCategory><ArticleFirstPage>804</ArticleFirstPage><ArticleLastPage>810</ArticleLastPage><ArticleHistory><RegistrationDate><Year>2004</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>6</Day></RegistrationDate><Received><Year>1993</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>22</Day></Received><Revised><Year>1994</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>28</Day></Revised><Accepted><Year>1994</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>23</Day></Accepted></ArticleHistory><ArticleCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>1994</CopyrightYear></ArticleCopyright><ArticleGrants Type="Regular"><MetadataGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></MetadataGrant><AbstractGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></AbstractGrant><BodyPDFGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyPDFGrant><BodyHTMLGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyHTMLGrant><BibliographyGrant Grant="Restricted"></BibliographyGrant><ESMGrant Grant="Restricted"></ESMGrant></ArticleGrants><ArticleContext><JournalID>109</JournalID><VolumeIDStart>72</VolumeIDStart><VolumeIDEnd>72</VolumeIDEnd><IssueIDStart>10</IssueIDStart><IssueIDEnd>10</IssueIDEnd></ArticleContext></ArticleInfo><ArticleHeader><AuthorGroup><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>C.</GivenName><FamilyName>Kirschbaum</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff2"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>G.</GivenName><FamilyName>Scherer</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff3"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>C.</GivenName><GivenName>J.</GivenName><FamilyName>Strasburger</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff1"><OrgDivision>Forschungszentrum für Psychobiologie und Psychosomatik</OrgDivision><OrgName>Universität Trier</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Universitätsring 15</Street><Postcode>D-54286</Postcode><City>Trier</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff2"><OrgName>Analytisch-biologisches Forschungslabor, Prof. Dr. F. Adlkofer</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Munchen</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff3"><OrgDivision>Universität München, Klinikum Innenstadt</OrgDivision><OrgName>Klinik für Innere Medizin</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>München</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1" Language="En"><Heading>Abstract</Heading><Para>Hormone responses to injection of corticotropin-releasing hormone following bicycle ergometry and psychological stress were studied in ten habitual smokers and ten nonsmokers. Compared to injection of saline, significant increases were found in adrenocorticotropin, prolactin, growth hormone, total serum cortisol, and salivary cortisol under all three stimulations except for salivary cortisol under ergometry. Furthermore, the smokers showed significant elevations of all five hormones investigated following the smoking of two cigarettes of the subject's preferred brand. Comparisons of hormone responses between smokers and nonsmokers revealed a general trend towards stronger responses in nonsmokers. However, due to the small number of subjects investigated and considerable variation in the individual hormone responses these differences reached statistical significance only for growth hormone responses following ergometry and salivary cortisol responses after psychological stress. In addition, the circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol was measured on two occasions between 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. in the subject's natural environment. The typical circadian pattern of decreasing cortisol levels was observed, with no significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers. We conclude that chronic nicotine consumption may lead to lower responses of multiple hormones not only to nicotine but to a variety of stimuli, and that these alterations do not necessarily affect unstimulated circadian profiles of free cortisol.</Para></Abstract><KeywordGroup Language="En"><Heading>Key words</Heading><Keyword>Pituitary hormones</Keyword><Keyword>Cortisol</Keyword><Keyword>Psychological stress</Keyword><Keyword>Physical exercise</Keyword><Keyword>Corticotropin-releasing hormone</Keyword></KeywordGroup><ArticleNote Type="Misc"><SimplePara><Emphasis Type="Italic">Correspondence to</Emphasis>: C. Kirschbaum</SimplePara></ArticleNote></ArticleHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Article></Issue></Volume></Journal></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Pituitary and adrenal hormone responses to pharmacological, physical, and psychological stimulation in habitual smokers and nonsmokers</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Pituitary and adrenal hormone responses to pharmacological, physical, and psychological stimulation in habitual smokers and nonsmokers</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kirschbaum</namePart><affiliation>Forschungszentrum für Psychobiologie und Psychosomatik, Universität Trier, Universitätsring 15, D-54286, Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Scherer</namePart><affiliation>Analytisch-biologisches Forschungslabor, Prof. Dr. F. Adlkofer, Munchen, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Strasburger</namePart><affiliation>Universität München, Klinikum Innenstadt, Klinik für Innere Medizin, München, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="OriginalPaper"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berlin/Heidelberg</placeTerm></place><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">1993-11-22</dateCreated><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1994-10-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1994</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Abstract: Hormone responses to injection of corticotropin-releasing hormone following bicycle ergometry and psychological stress were studied in ten habitual smokers and ten nonsmokers. Compared to injection of saline, significant increases were found in adrenocorticotropin, prolactin, growth hormone, total serum cortisol, and salivary cortisol under all three stimulations except for salivary cortisol under ergometry. Furthermore, the smokers showed significant elevations of all five hormones investigated following the smoking of two cigarettes of the subject's preferred brand. Comparisons of hormone responses between smokers and nonsmokers revealed a general trend towards stronger responses in nonsmokers. However, due to the small number of subjects investigated and considerable variation in the individual hormone responses these differences reached statistical significance only for growth hormone responses following ergometry and salivary cortisol responses after psychological stress. In addition, the circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol was measured on two occasions between 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. in the subject's natural environment. The typical circadian pattern of decreasing cortisol levels was observed, with no significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers. We conclude that chronic nicotine consumption may lead to lower responses of multiple hormones not only to nicotine but to a variety of stimuli, and that these alterations do not necessarily affect unstimulated circadian profiles of free cortisol.</abstract><note>Original Article</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The clinical investigator</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Clin Investig</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" displayLabel="Archive Journal"></genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1994-10-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1994</copyrightDate></originInfo><subject><genre>Biomedicine</genre><topic>Molecular Medicine</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0941-0198</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1432-1440</identifier><identifier type="JournalID">109</identifier><identifier type="IssueArticleCount">16</identifier><identifier type="VolumeIssueCount">12</identifier><part><date>1994</date><detail type="volume"><number>72</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>10</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>804</start><end>810</end></extent></part><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag, 1994</recordOrigin></recordInfo></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">284710DE860987A53652400E229CAD6ADFC3A320</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/BF00180552</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">BF00180552</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">Art15</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Springer-Verlag, 1994</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>SPRINGER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag, 1994</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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