The relationship between stress induced cortisol levels and memory differs between men and women
Identifieur interne : 001275 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001274; suivant : 001276The relationship between stress induced cortisol levels and memory differs between men and women
Auteurs : Oliver T. Wolf ; Nicole C. Schommer ; Dirk H. Hellhammer ; Bruce S. Mcewen ; C. KirschbaumSource :
- Psychoneuroendocrinology [ 0306-4530 ] ; 2001.
Abstract
Epidemiological as well as experimental studies in elderly subjects have suggested that postmenopausal women are more susceptible to the memory impairing effects of elevated cortisol levels than elderly men. Little is known however about gender differences in the susceptibility to acute stress in young subjects. In the present study a total of 58 healthy young subjects learned a word list, with recall being tested after a brief distraction task. Twenty-two subjects had to learn the list after exposure to a psychosocial stressor (Trier Social Stress Test: TSST), while the remaining subjects served as controls. Free cortisol was determined via saliva samples taken before and 10 minutes after stress. Subjects exposed to the stressor, did not show impaired memory performance per se when compared to the control group. However the cortisol increase in response to the stressor was negatively correlated (r=−0.43, P<0.05) with the memory performance within the stressed group (i.e., subjects showing a larger cortisol response recalling less words than subjects showing only a small cortisol increase). Additional analysis revealed, that this correlation was solely caused by the strong association observed in men (r=−0.82, P<0.05), while no association was observed in women (r=−0.05, P=ns). Our data suggests, that gender modulates the association between cortisol and memory after stress. Whether these differences reflect activational effects of sex steroids or developmentally-programmed sex differences awaits to be determined.
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DOI: 10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00025-7
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Schommer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hellhammer, Dirk H" sort="Hellhammer, Dirk H" uniqKey="Hellhammer D" first="Dirk H." last="Hellhammer">Dirk H. Hellhammer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcewen, Bruce S" sort="Mcewen, Bruce S" uniqKey="Mcewen B" first="Bruce S." last="Mcewen">Bruce S. Mcewen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kirschbaum, C" sort="Kirschbaum, C" uniqKey="Kirschbaum C" first="C." last="Kirschbaum">C. Kirschbaum</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Experimental Psychology II, University of Duesseldorf, Geb. 23.02, Ebene 01, Raum 43, Universitaetsstrasse 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:4D7C2EE8FB9EE7B22A03EF5CC4A23B3470D5AD83</idno><date when="2001" year="2001">2001</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00025-7</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/4D7C2EE8FB9EE7B22A03EF5CC4A23B3470D5AD83/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001275</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001275</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">The relationship between stress induced cortisol levels and memory differs between men and women</title><author><name sortKey="Wolf, Oliver T" sort="Wolf, Oliver T" uniqKey="Wolf O" first="Oliver T." last="Wolf">Oliver T. Wolf</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Experimental Psychology II, University of Duesseldorf, Geb. 23.02, Ebene 01, Raum 43, Universitaetsstrasse 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Corresponding author: Tel.: +49-211-811-1799; fax: +49-211-811-2019</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: oliver.wolf@uni-duesseldorf.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schommer, Nicole C" sort="Schommer, Nicole C" uniqKey="Schommer N" first="Nicole C." last="Schommer">Nicole C. Schommer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hellhammer, Dirk H" sort="Hellhammer, Dirk H" uniqKey="Hellhammer D" first="Dirk H." last="Hellhammer">Dirk H. Hellhammer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcewen, Bruce S" sort="Mcewen, Bruce S" uniqKey="Mcewen B" first="Bruce S." last="Mcewen">Bruce S. Mcewen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kirschbaum, C" sort="Kirschbaum, C" uniqKey="Kirschbaum C" first="C." last="Kirschbaum">C. Kirschbaum</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Experimental Psychology II, University of Duesseldorf, Geb. 23.02, Ebene 01, Raum 43, Universitaetsstrasse 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Psychoneuroendocrinology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">PNEC</title><idno type="ISSN">0306-4530</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2001">2001</date><biblScope unit="volume">26</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">7</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="711">711</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="720">720</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0306-4530</idno></series><idno type="istex">4D7C2EE8FB9EE7B22A03EF5CC4A23B3470D5AD83</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00025-7</idno><idno type="PII">S0306-4530(01)00025-7</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0306-4530</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Epidemiological as well as experimental studies in elderly subjects have suggested that postmenopausal women are more susceptible to the memory impairing effects of elevated cortisol levels than elderly men. Little is known however about gender differences in the susceptibility to acute stress in young subjects. In the present study a total of 58 healthy young subjects learned a word list, with recall being tested after a brief distraction task. Twenty-two subjects had to learn the list after exposure to a psychosocial stressor (Trier Social Stress Test: TSST), while the remaining subjects served as controls. Free cortisol was determined via saliva samples taken before and 10 minutes after stress. Subjects exposed to the stressor, did not show impaired memory performance per se when compared to the control group. However the cortisol increase in response to the stressor was negatively correlated (r=−0.43, P<0.05) with the memory performance within the stressed group (i.e., subjects showing a larger cortisol response recalling less words than subjects showing only a small cortisol increase). Additional analysis revealed, that this correlation was solely caused by the strong association observed in men (r=−0.82, P<0.05), while no association was observed in women (r=−0.05, P=ns). Our data suggests, that gender modulates the association between cortisol and memory after stress. Whether these differences reflect activational effects of sex steroids or developmentally-programmed sex differences awaits to be determined.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Oliver T. Wolf</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Experimental Psychology II, University of Duesseldorf, Geb. 23.02, Ebene 01, Raum 43, Universitaetsstrasse 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany</json:string><json:string>Corresponding author: Tel.: +49-211-811-1799; fax: +49-211-811-2019</json:string><json:string>E-mail: oliver.wolf@uni-duesseldorf.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Nicole C. Schommer</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Dirk H. Hellhammer</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Bruce S. McEwen</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C. Kirschbaum</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Experimental Psychology II, University of Duesseldorf, Geb. 23.02, Ebene 01, Raum 43, Universitaetsstrasse 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Stress</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Glucocorticoids</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Gender differences</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Estrogens</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Memory</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Humans</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Epidemiological as well as experimental studies in elderly subjects have suggested that postmenopausal women are more susceptible to the memory impairing effects of elevated cortisol levels than elderly men. Little is known however about gender differences in the susceptibility to acute stress in young subjects. In the present study a total of 58 healthy young subjects learned a word list, with recall being tested after a brief distraction task. Twenty-two subjects had to learn the list after exposure to a psychosocial stressor (Trier Social Stress Test: TSST), while the remaining subjects served as controls. Free cortisol was determined via saliva samples taken before and 10 minutes after stress. Subjects exposed to the stressor, did not show impaired memory performance per se when compared to the control group. However the cortisol increase in response to the stressor was negatively correlated (r=−0.43, P>0.05) with the memory performance within the stressed group (i.e., subjects showing a larger cortisol response recalling less words than subjects showing only a small cortisol increase). Additional analysis revealed, that this correlation was solely caused by the strong association observed in men (r=−0.82, P>0.05), while no association was observed in women (r=−0.05, P=ns). Our data suggests, that gender modulates the association between cortisol and memory after stress. Whether these differences reflect activational effects of sex steroids or developmentally-programmed sex differences awaits to be determined.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>6.366</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>471 x 684 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>6</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1539</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>3666</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>23109</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>10</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>225</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>The relationship between stress induced cortisol levels and memory differs between men and women</title><pii><json:string>S0306-4530(01)00025-7</json:string></pii><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>A.F. Arnsten</name></json:item><json:item><name>P.S. Goldman-Rakic</name></json:item></author><host><volume>55</volume><pages><last>368</last><first>362</first></pages><author></author><title>Arch. Gen. 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Cowen</name></json:item></author><host><volume>145</volume><pages><last>266</last><first>260</first></pages><author></author><title>Psychopharmacology</title></host><title>The effects of chronic administration of hydrocortisone on cognitive function in normal male volunteers</title></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>26</volume><pii><json:string>S0306-4530(00)X0057-1</json:string></pii><pages><last>720</last><first>711</first></pages><issn><json:string>0306-4530</json:string></issn><issue>7</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Psychoneuroendocrinology</title><publicationDate>2001</publicationDate></host><categories><wos><json:string>social science</json:string><json:string>psychiatry</json:string><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>neurosciences</json:string><json:string>endocrinology & metabolism</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>health sciences</json:string><json:string>clinical medicine</json:string><json:string>psychiatry</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2001</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2001</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00025-7</json:string></doi><id>4D7C2EE8FB9EE7B22A03EF5CC4A23B3470D5AD83</id><score>0.9341291</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/4D7C2EE8FB9EE7B22A03EF5CC4A23B3470D5AD83/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/4D7C2EE8FB9EE7B22A03EF5CC4A23B3470D5AD83/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/4D7C2EE8FB9EE7B22A03EF5CC4A23B3470D5AD83/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">The relationship between stress induced cortisol levels and memory differs between men and women</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>©2001 Elsevier Science Ltd</p></availability><date>2001</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">Fig. 1: Correlation between the psychosocial stress induced free salivary cortisol increase (10 min post stress level minus pre stress level) and recall of a word list (containing 25 words) in 8 young healthy men.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Correlation between the psychosocial stress induced free salivary cortisol increase (10 min post stress level minus pre stress level) and recall of a word list (containing 25 words) in 14 young healthy women. All women were in the luteal phase of their cycle.</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">The relationship between stress induced cortisol levels and memory differs between men and women</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Oliver T.</forename><surname>Wolf</surname></persName><email>oliver.wolf@uni-duesseldorf.de</email><affiliation>Institute of Experimental Psychology II, University of Duesseldorf, Geb. 23.02, Ebene 01, Raum 43, Universitaetsstrasse 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>Corresponding author: Tel.: +49-211-811-1799; fax: +49-211-811-2019</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Nicole C.</forename><surname>Schommer</surname></persName><affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Dirk H.</forename><surname>Hellhammer</surname></persName><affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Bruce S.</forename><surname>McEwen</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Kirschbaum</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Experimental Psychology II, University of Duesseldorf, Geb. 23.02, Ebene 01, Raum 43, Universitaetsstrasse 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Psychoneuroendocrinology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">PNEC</title><idno type="pISSN">0306-4530</idno><idno type="PII">S0306-4530(00)X0057-1</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2001"></date><biblScope unit="volume">26</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">7</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="711">711</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="720">720</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">4D7C2EE8FB9EE7B22A03EF5CC4A23B3470D5AD83</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00025-7</idno><idno type="PII">S0306-4530(01)00025-7</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2001</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Epidemiological as well as experimental studies in elderly subjects have suggested that postmenopausal women are more susceptible to the memory impairing effects of elevated cortisol levels than elderly men. Little is known however about gender differences in the susceptibility to acute stress in young subjects. In the present study a total of 58 healthy young subjects learned a word list, with recall being tested after a brief distraction task. Twenty-two subjects had to learn the list after exposure to a psychosocial stressor (Trier Social Stress Test: TSST), while the remaining subjects served as controls. Free cortisol was determined via saliva samples taken before and 10 minutes after stress. Subjects exposed to the stressor, did not show impaired memory performance per se when compared to the control group. However the cortisol increase in response to the stressor was negatively correlated (r=−0.43, P<0.05) with the memory performance within the stressed group (i.e., subjects showing a larger cortisol response recalling less words than subjects showing only a small cortisol increase). Additional analysis revealed, that this correlation was solely caused by the strong association observed in men (r=−0.82, P<0.05), while no association was observed in women (r=−0.05, P=ns). Our data suggests, that gender modulates the association between cortisol and memory after stress. Whether these differences reflect activational effects of sex steroids or developmentally-programmed sex differences awaits to be determined.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Stress</term></item><item><term>Glucocorticoids</term></item><item><term>Gender differences</term></item><item><term>Estrogens</term></item><item><term>Memory</term></item><item><term>Humans</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2001-04-09">Modified</change><change when="2001">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/4D7C2EE8FB9EE7B22A03EF5CC4A23B3470D5AD83/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr2" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr2"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>PNEC</jid><aid>547</aid><ce:pii>S0306-4530(01)00025-7</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00025-7</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="2001">Elsevier Science Ltd</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>The relationship between stress induced cortisol levels and memory differs between men and women</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Oliver T.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Wolf</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="CORR1">*</ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>oliver.wolf@uni-duesseldorf.de</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Nicole C.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Schommer</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Dirk H.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hellhammer</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Bruce S.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>McEwen</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF3"><ce:sup>c</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Kirschbaum</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>Institute of Experimental Psychology II, University of Duesseldorf, Geb. 23.02, Ebene 01, Raum 43, Universitaetsstrasse 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF3"><ce:label>c</ce:label><ce:textfn>Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="CORR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author: Tel.: +49-211-811-1799; fax: +49-211-811-2019</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="29" month="1" year="2001"></ce:date-received><ce:date-revised day="9" month="4" year="2001"></ce:date-revised><ce:date-accepted day="16" month="4" year="2001"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Epidemiological as well as experimental studies in elderly subjects have suggested that postmenopausal women are more susceptible to the memory impairing effects of elevated cortisol levels than elderly men. Little is known however about gender differences in the susceptibility to acute stress in young subjects. In the present study a total of 58 healthy young subjects learned a word list, with recall being tested after a brief distraction task. Twenty-two subjects had to learn the list after exposure to a psychosocial stressor (Trier Social Stress Test: TSST), while the remaining subjects served as controls. Free cortisol was determined via saliva samples taken before and 10 minutes after stress. Subjects exposed to the stressor, did not show impaired memory performance per se when compared to the control group. However the cortisol increase in response to the stressor was negatively correlated (<ce:italic>r</ce:italic>=−0.43, <ce:italic>P</ce:italic><0.05) with the memory performance within the stressed group (i.e., subjects showing a larger cortisol response recalling less words than subjects showing only a small cortisol increase). Additional analysis revealed, that this correlation was solely caused by the strong association observed in men (<ce:italic>r</ce:italic>=−0.82, <ce:italic>P</ce:italic><0.05), while no association was observed in women (<ce:italic>r</ce:italic>=−0.05, <ce:italic>P</ce:italic>=ns). Our data suggests, that gender modulates the association between cortisol and memory after stress. Whether these differences reflect activational effects of sex steroids or developmentally-programmed sex differences awaits to be determined.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Stress</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Glucocorticoids</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Gender differences</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Estrogens</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Memory</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Humans</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>The relationship between stress induced cortisol levels and memory differs between men and women</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>The relationship between stress induced cortisol levels and memory differs between men and women</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oliver T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wolf</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Experimental Psychology II, University of Duesseldorf, Geb. 23.02, Ebene 01, Raum 43, Universitaetsstrasse 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>Corresponding author: Tel.: +49-211-811-1799; fax: +49-211-811-2019</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: oliver.wolf@uni-duesseldorf.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Nicole C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Schommer</namePart><affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Dirk H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hellhammer</namePart><affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bruce S.</namePart><namePart type="family">McEwen</namePart><affiliation>Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kirschbaum</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Experimental Psychology II, University of Duesseldorf, Geb. 23.02, Ebene 01, Raum 43, Universitaetsstrasse 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2001</dateIssued><dateModified encoding="w3cdtf">2001-04-09</dateModified><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2001</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Epidemiological as well as experimental studies in elderly subjects have suggested that postmenopausal women are more susceptible to the memory impairing effects of elevated cortisol levels than elderly men. Little is known however about gender differences in the susceptibility to acute stress in young subjects. In the present study a total of 58 healthy young subjects learned a word list, with recall being tested after a brief distraction task. Twenty-two subjects had to learn the list after exposure to a psychosocial stressor (Trier Social Stress Test: TSST), while the remaining subjects served as controls. Free cortisol was determined via saliva samples taken before and 10 minutes after stress. Subjects exposed to the stressor, did not show impaired memory performance per se when compared to the control group. However the cortisol increase in response to the stressor was negatively correlated (r=−0.43, P<0.05) with the memory performance within the stressed group (i.e., subjects showing a larger cortisol response recalling less words than subjects showing only a small cortisol increase). Additional analysis revealed, that this correlation was solely caused by the strong association observed in men (r=−0.82, P<0.05), while no association was observed in women (r=−0.05, P=ns). Our data suggests, that gender modulates the association between cortisol and memory after stress. Whether these differences reflect activational effects of sex steroids or developmentally-programmed sex differences awaits to be determined.</abstract><note type="content">Fig. 1: Correlation between the psychosocial stress induced free salivary cortisol increase (10 min post stress level minus pre stress level) and recall of a word list (containing 25 words) in 8 young healthy men.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Correlation between the psychosocial stress induced free salivary cortisol increase (10 min post stress level minus pre stress level) and recall of a word list (containing 25 words) in 14 young healthy women. All women were in the luteal phase of their cycle.</note><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Glucocorticoids</topic><topic>Gender differences</topic><topic>Estrogens</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Humans</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Psychoneuroendocrinology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>PNEC</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">200110</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0306-4530</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0306-4530(00)X0057-1</identifier><part><date>200110</date><detail type="volume"><number>26</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>7</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>649</start><end>760</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>711</start><end>720</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">4D7C2EE8FB9EE7B22A03EF5CC4A23B3470D5AD83</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00025-7</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0306-4530(01)00025-7</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©2001 Elsevier Science Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science Ltd, ©2001</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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