Increased free cortisol secretion after awakening in chronically stressed individuals due to work overload
Identifieur interne : 000E81 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000E80; suivant : 000E82Increased free cortisol secretion after awakening in chronically stressed individuals due to work overload
Auteurs : Peter Schulz ; Clemens Kirschbaum ; Jens Prü Ner ; Dirk HellhammerSource :
- Stress Medicine [ 0748-8386 ] ; 1998-04.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
The present study investigated the association between chronic stress and cortisol changes during the first hour after awakening in the morning. According to results of a pilot study, it was hypothesized that chronically stressed subjects would show a more enhanced and prolonged increase of cortisol level after awakening compared to non‐stressed subjects. In 100 subjects, chronic stress was assessed twice with a 1‐week interval between measures and cortisol was repeatedly measured during the first hour of awakening on 3 consecutive days. Results showed that chronically stressed subjects had a significantly larger increase in cortisol (+15.5 nmol/l) compared to unstressed subjects (+9.1 nmol/l). Further analysis indicated a significant sex difference with larger increases in chronically stressed women (+16.5 nmol/l) compared to stressed men (+11.8 nmol/l). From these data we conclude that a repeated measurement of free cortisol in response to awakening should be considered a possible biological correlate of chronic stress. Possible causes, consequences and clinical relevance of this hypercortisolism in chronically stressed subjects are briefly discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(199804)14:2<91::AID-SMI765>3.0.CO;2-S
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:06DF9BDA2C99F639E0DE334660AAF76CE229D3C0Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Increased free cortisol secretion after awakening in chronically stressed individuals due to work overload</title><author><name sortKey="Schulz, Peter" sort="Schulz, Peter" uniqKey="Schulz P" first="Peter" last="Schulz">Peter Schulz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychology,University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, D‐54286 Trier, Germany.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kirschbaum, Clemens" sort="Kirschbaum, Clemens" uniqKey="Kirschbaum C" first="Clemens" last="Kirschbaum">Clemens Kirschbaum</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pru Ner, Jens" sort="Pru Ner, Jens" uniqKey="Pru Ner J" first="Jens" last="Prü Ner">Jens Prü Ner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hellhammer, Dirk" sort="Hellhammer, Dirk" uniqKey="Hellhammer D" first="Dirk" last="Hellhammer">Dirk Hellhammer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:06DF9BDA2C99F639E0DE334660AAF76CE229D3C0</idno><date when="1998" year="1998">1998</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(199804)14:2<91::AID-SMI765>3.0.CO;2-S</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/06DF9BDA2C99F639E0DE334660AAF76CE229D3C0/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000E81</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000E81</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Increased free cortisol secretion after awakening in chronically stressed individuals due to work overload</title><author><name sortKey="Schulz, Peter" sort="Schulz, Peter" uniqKey="Schulz P" first="Peter" last="Schulz">Peter Schulz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychology,University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, D‐54286 Trier, Germany.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kirschbaum, Clemens" sort="Kirschbaum, Clemens" uniqKey="Kirschbaum C" first="Clemens" last="Kirschbaum">Clemens Kirschbaum</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pru Ner, Jens" sort="Pru Ner, Jens" uniqKey="Pru Ner J" first="Jens" last="Prü Ner">Jens Prü Ner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hellhammer, Dirk" sort="Hellhammer, Dirk" uniqKey="Hellhammer D" first="Dirk" last="Hellhammer">Dirk Hellhammer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Stress Medicine</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Stress Med.</title><idno type="ISSN">0748-8386</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-1700</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>London</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1998-04">1998-04</date><biblScope unit="volume">14</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="91">91</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="97">97</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0748-8386</idno></series><idno type="istex">06DF9BDA2C99F639E0DE334660AAF76CE229D3C0</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(199804)14:2<91::AID-SMI765>3.0.CO;2-S</idno><idno type="ArticleID">SMI765</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0748-8386</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>chronic stress</term><term>saliva cortisol</term><term>sex difference</term><term>work overload</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The present study investigated the association between chronic stress and cortisol changes during the first hour after awakening in the morning. According to results of a pilot study, it was hypothesized that chronically stressed subjects would show a more enhanced and prolonged increase of cortisol level after awakening compared to non‐stressed subjects. In 100 subjects, chronic stress was assessed twice with a 1‐week interval between measures and cortisol was repeatedly measured during the first hour of awakening on 3 consecutive days. Results showed that chronically stressed subjects had a significantly larger increase in cortisol (+15.5 nmol/l) compared to unstressed subjects (+9.1 nmol/l). Further analysis indicated a significant sex difference with larger increases in chronically stressed women (+16.5 nmol/l) compared to stressed men (+11.8 nmol/l). From these data we conclude that a repeated measurement of free cortisol in response to awakening should be considered a possible biological correlate of chronic stress. Possible causes, consequences and clinical relevance of this hypercortisolism in chronically stressed subjects are briefly discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Peter Schulz PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</json:string><json:string>Department of Psychology,University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, D‐54286 Trier, Germany.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Clemens Kirschbaum PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jens Prüßner MS</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Dirk Hellhammer PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>chronic stress</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>work overload</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>saliva cortisol</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>sex difference</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>SMI765</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The present study investigated the association between chronic stress and cortisol changes during the first hour after awakening in the morning. According to results of a pilot study, it was hypothesized that chronically stressed subjects would show a more enhanced and prolonged increase of cortisol level after awakening compared to non‐stressed subjects. In 100 subjects, chronic stress was assessed twice with a 1‐week interval between measures and cortisol was repeatedly measured during the first hour of awakening on 3 consecutive days. Results showed that chronically stressed subjects had a significantly larger increase in cortisol (+15.5 nmol/l) compared to unstressed subjects (+9.1 nmol/l). Further analysis indicated a significant sex difference with larger increases in chronically stressed women (+16.5 nmol/l) compared to stressed men (+11.8 nmol/l). From these data we conclude that a repeated measurement of free cortisol in response to awakening should be considered a possible biological correlate of chronic stress. Possible causes, consequences and clinical relevance of this hypercortisolism in chronically stressed subjects are briefly discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>5.427</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>567 x 737 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1202</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>3351</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>21379</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>7</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>173</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Increased free cortisol secretion after awakening in chronically stressed individuals due to work overload</title><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>H. Leventhal</name></json:item><json:item><name>A. Tomarken</name></json:item></author><host><pages><last>55</last><first>27</first></pages><author></author><title>Research Methods in Stress and Health Psychology</title></host><title>Stress and illness: Perspectives from health psychology</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>B. Wheaton</name></json:item></author><host><pages><last>114</last><first>77</first></pages><author></author><title>Stress and Mental Health: Contemporary Issues and Prospects for the Future</title></host><title>Sampling the stress universe</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>L. Gannon</name></json:item><json:item><name>L. Pardie</name></json:item></author><host><volume>12</volume><pages><last>372</last><first>357</first></pages><issue>4</issue><author></author><title>J. Behav. Med.</title></host><title>The importance of chronicity and controllability of stress in the context of stress‐illness relationships</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>D. H. Hellhammer</name></json:item><json:item><name>S. Wade</name></json:item></author><host><volume>60</volume><pages><last>17</last><first>8</first></pages><issue>1</issue><author></author><title>Psychother. Psychosom.</title></host><title>Endocrine correlates of stress vulnerability</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>A. Baum</name></json:item><json:item><name>L. Cohen</name></json:item><json:item><name>M. Hall</name></json:item></author><host><volume>55</volume><pages><last>286</last><first>274</first></pages><issue>3</issue><author></author><title>Psychosom. Med.</title></host><title>Control and intrusive memories as possible determinants of chronic stress</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>N. Semmer</name></json:item></author><host><pages><last>207</last><first>190</first></pages><author></author><title>Das Bild der Arbeit</title></host><title>Streß und Kontrollverlust</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>C. Kirschbaum</name></json:item><json:item><name>D. H. Hellhammer</name></json:item></author><host><volume>19</volume><pages><last>333</last><first>313</first></pages><issue>4</issue><author></author><title>Psychoneuroendocrinology</title></host><title>Salivary cortisol in psychoneuroendocrine research: Recent developments and applications. In:</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>M. C. Ockenfels</name></json:item><json:item><name>L. Porter</name></json:item><json:item><name>J. Smyth</name></json:item><json:item><name>C. Kirschbaum</name></json:item><json:item><name>D. H. Hellhammer</name></json:item><json:item><name>A. A. Stone</name></json:item></author><host><volume>57</volume><pages><last>467</last><first>460</first></pages><issue>5</issue><author></author><title>Psychosom. Med.</title></host><title>Effect of chronic stress associated with unemployment on salivary cortisol: Overall cortisol levels, diurnal rhythm, and acute stress reactivity</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>R. Yehuda</name></json:item><json:item><name>H. Resnick</name></json:item><json:item><name>B. Kahana</name></json:item><json:item><name>E. Giller</name></json:item></author><host><volume>55</volume><pages><last>297</last><first>287</first></pages><issue>3</issue><author></author><title>Psychosom. Med.</title></host><title>Long‐lasting hormonal alterations to extreme stress in humans: Normative or maladaptive?</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>M. Bohus</name></json:item><json:item><name>M. Berger</name></json:item></author><host><volume>21</volume><pages><last>171</last><first>156</first></pages><issue>2</issue><author></author><title>Zeitschr. Klin. Psych.</title></host><title>Der Beitrag biologisch‐psychiatrischer Befunde zum Verständnis depressiver Erkrankungen</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>J. Coste</name></json:item><json:item><name>G. Strauch</name></json:item><json:item><name>M. Letrath</name></json:item><json:item><name>X. Bertagna</name></json:item></author><host><volume>38</volume><pages><last>479</last><first>474</first></pages><author></author><title>Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol.</title></host><title>Reliability of hormonal levels for assessing the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical system in clinical pharmacology</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>P. Schulz</name></json:item><json:item><name>R. Knabe</name></json:item></author><host><volume>42</volume><pages><last>68</last><first>63</first></pages><issue>1</issue><author></author><title>Med. Hypoth.</title></host><title>Biological uniqueness and the definition of normality. Part 2 – The endocrine 'fingerprint' of healthy adults</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>R. A. Dressendörfer</name></json:item><json:item><name>C. Kirschbaum</name></json:item><json:item><name>W. Rohde</name></json:item><json:item><name>F. Stahl</name></json:item><json:item><name>C. Strasburger</name></json:item></author><host><volume>43</volume><pages><last>692</last><first>683</first></pages><author></author><title>J. Ster. Biochem. Molec. Biol.</title></host><title>Synthesis of a cortisol‐biotin conjugate and evaluation as a tracer in an immunoassay for salivary cortisol measurement</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>P. Schulz</name></json:item></author><host><volume>22</volume><pages><last>49</last><first>1</first></pages><issue>5</issue><author></author><title>Trierer Psych. Berichte</title></host><title>Entwicklung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung von chronischem Streß und protektiven Faktoren</title></json:item><json:item><host><author></author><title>Trierer Inventar zur Erfassung von chronischem Streß (TICS): Skalen‐konstruktion und teststatistische Überpruüfing</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><author></author><title>Janning, K.Das Zusammenwirken von chronischem Streß und Streßanfälligkeit zur Vorhersage von körperlichen Beschwerden.Unveröff. Diplomarbeit, Universität Trier, Trier,1996.</title></host></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>P. Schulz</name></json:item><json:item><name>D. Merck</name></json:item></author><host><volume>5</volume><pages><last>62</last><first>47</first></pages><issue>1</issue><author></author><title>Zeitschr. Gesundheitspsychol.</title></host><title>Gesundheitsrelevante Korrelate eines erniedrigten Cortisolspiegels: Eine Untersuchung an Angestellten im dentaltechnischen Labor</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>S. J. Lepore</name></json:item></author><host><pages><last>120</last><first>102</first></pages><author></author><title>Measuring Stress</title></host><title>Measurement of chronic stressors</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>J. W. Mason</name></json:item></author><host><volume>30</volume><pages><last>653</last><first>631</first></pages><author></author><title>Psychosom. Med.</title></host><title>A review of psychoendocrine research in pituitary‐adrenal cortical system</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>J. W. Mason</name></json:item></author><host><pages><last>91</last><first>3</first></pages><author></author><title>Handbook of Psychophysiology</title></host><title>Organization of psychoendocrine mechanisms</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>W. Schönpflug</name></json:item></author><host><pages><last>188</last><first>172</first></pages><author></author><title>Goal‐Directed Behavior: The Concept of Action in Psychology</title></host><title>Goal directed behavior as a source of stress: Psychological origins and consequences of inefficiency</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>J. Stöber</name></json:item></author><host><volume>16</volume><pages><last>63</last><first>50</first></pages><issue>1</issue><author></author><title>Zeitschr. Diff. Diagn. Psych.</title></host><title>Besorgnis: Ein Vergleich dreier Inventare zur Erfassung allgemeiner Sorgen</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>S. J. McCann</name></json:item><json:item><name>L. L. Stewin</name></json:item><json:item><name>R. H. Short</name></json:item></author><host><volume>152</volume><pages><last>301</last><first>295</first></pages><issue>3</issue><author></author><title>J. Gen. Psych.</title></host><title>Sex differences, social desirability, masculinity, and the tendency to worry</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>T. B. Clarkson</name></json:item><json:item><name>S. B. Manuck</name></json:item><json:item><name>J. R. Kaplan</name></json:item></author><host><pages><last>47</last><first>35</first></pages><author></author><title>Handbook of Stress, Reactivity and Cardiovascular Disease</title></host><title>Potential role of cardiovascular reactivity in atherogenesis</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>M. T. Allen</name></json:item><json:item><name>A. Sherwood</name></json:item><json:item><name>P. A. Obrist</name></json:item><json:item><name>M. D. Crowell</name></json:item><json:item><name>L. A. Grange</name></json:item></author><host><volume>31</volume><pages><last>645</last><first>639</first></pages><issue>5</issue><author></author><title>J. Psychosom. Res.</title></host><title>Stability of cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory stressors: A 2.5 yr follow‐up</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>W. R. Lovallo</name></json:item><json:item><name>G. A. Pincomb</name></json:item><json:item><name>M. F. Wilson</name></json:item></author><host><volume>23</volume><pages><last>112</last><first>105</first></pages><issue>1</issue><author></author><title>Psychophysiology</title></host><title>Heart rate reactivity and type A behavior as modifiers of physiological response to active and passive coping</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>W. T. Boyce</name></json:item><json:item><name>M. Chesney</name></json:item><json:item><name>A. Alkon</name></json:item><json:item><name>J. M. Tschann</name></json:item><json:item><name>S. Adams</name></json:item><json:item><name>B. Chesterman</name></json:item><json:item><name>F. Cohen</name></json:item><json:item><name>P. Kaiser</name></json:item><json:item><name>S. Folkman</name></json:item><json:item><name>D. Wara</name></json:item></author><host><volume>57</volume><pages><last>422</last><first>411</first></pages><author></author><title>Psychosom. Med.</title></host><title>Psychobiologic reactivity to stress and childhood respiratory illnesses: Results of two prospective studies</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>M. F. Dallman</name></json:item><json:item><name>A. M. Strack</name></json:item><json:item><name>S. F. Akana</name></json:item><json:item><name>M. J. Bradbury</name></json:item><json:item><name>E. S. Hanson</name></json:item><json:item><name>K. A. Scribner</name></json:item><json:item><name>M. Smith</name></json:item></author><host><volume>14</volume><pages><last>347</last><first>303</first></pages><author></author><title>Frontiers Neuroendocrinol.</title></host><title>Feast and famine: Critical role of glucocorticoids within insulin in daily energy flow</title></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>14</volume><publisherId><json:string>SMI</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>7</total><last>97</last><first>91</first></pages><issn><json:string>0748-8386</json:string></issn><issue>2</issue><subject><json:item><value>Research Article</value></json:item></subject><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1099-1700</json:string></eissn><title>Stress Medicine</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1700</json:string></doi></host><categories><wos></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>health sciences</json:string><json:string>clinical medicine</json:string><json:string>psychiatry</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>1998</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1998</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(199804)14:2>91::AID-SMI765>3.0.CO;2-S</json:string></doi><id>06DF9BDA2C99F639E0DE334660AAF76CE229D3C0</id><score>1.4304516</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/06DF9BDA2C99F639E0DE334660AAF76CE229D3C0/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/06DF9BDA2C99F639E0DE334660AAF76CE229D3C0/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/06DF9BDA2C99F639E0DE334660AAF76CE229D3C0/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Increased free cortisol secretion after awakening in chronically stressed individuals due to work overload</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>London</pubPlace><availability><p>Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></availability><date>1998</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Increased free cortisol secretion after awakening in chronically stressed individuals due to work overload</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Peter</forename><surname>Schulz</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName><affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Psychology,University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, D‐54286 Trier, Germany.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Clemens</forename><surname>Kirschbaum</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName><affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Jens</forename><surname>Prüßner</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MS</roleName><affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Dirk</forename><surname>Hellhammer</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName><affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Stress Medicine</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Stress Med.</title><idno type="pISSN">0748-8386</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-1700</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1700</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>London</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1998-04"></date><biblScope unit="volume">14</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="91">91</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="97">97</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">06DF9BDA2C99F639E0DE334660AAF76CE229D3C0</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(199804)14:2<91::AID-SMI765>3.0.CO;2-S</idno><idno type="ArticleID">SMI765</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1998</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The present study investigated the association between chronic stress and cortisol changes during the first hour after awakening in the morning. According to results of a pilot study, it was hypothesized that chronically stressed subjects would show a more enhanced and prolonged increase of cortisol level after awakening compared to non‐stressed subjects. In 100 subjects, chronic stress was assessed twice with a 1‐week interval between measures and cortisol was repeatedly measured during the first hour of awakening on 3 consecutive days. Results showed that chronically stressed subjects had a significantly larger increase in cortisol (+15.5 nmol/l) compared to unstressed subjects (+9.1 nmol/l). Further analysis indicated a significant sex difference with larger increases in chronically stressed women (+16.5 nmol/l) compared to stressed men (+11.8 nmol/l). From these data we conclude that a repeated measurement of free cortisol in response to awakening should be considered a possible biological correlate of chronic stress. Possible causes, consequences and clinical relevance of this hypercortisolism in chronically stressed subjects are briefly discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>chronic stress</term></item><item><term>work overload</term></item><item><term>saliva cortisol</term></item><item><term>sex difference</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Research Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1996-10-30">Received</change><change when="1997-07-01">Registration</change><change when="1998-04">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/06DF9BDA2C99F639E0DE334660AAF76CE229D3C0/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>London</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1700</doi><issn type="print">0748-8386</issn><issn type="electronic">1099-1700</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="SMI"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="STRESS MEDICINE">Stress Medicine</title><title type="short">Stress Med.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="20"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(199804)14:2<>1.0.CO;2-B</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="14">14</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">2</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="1998-04">April 1998</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="4" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(199804)14:2<91::AID-SMI765>3.0.CO;2-S</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="SMI765"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="7"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Research Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Research Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="1996-10-30"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="1997-07-01"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="1998-12-04"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="1998-12-04"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:HeaderRef result:HeaderRef" date="2010-03-04"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-08"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-11-03"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">91</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">97</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Department of Psychology,University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, D‐54286 Trier, Germany.</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:SMI.SMI765.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="2"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="3"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="28"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Increased free cortisol secretion after awakening in chronically stressed individuals due to work overload</title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">Chronic work stress and morning cortisol</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Peter</givenNames><familyName>Schulz</familyName><degrees>PhD</degrees></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="schulzp@pcmail. uni-trier.de">schulzp@pcmail. uni‐trier.de</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Clemens</givenNames><familyName>Kirschbaum</familyName><degrees>PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Jens</givenNames><familyName>Prüßner</familyName><degrees>MS</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Dirk</givenNames><familyName>Hellhammer</familyName><degrees>PhD</degrees></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">chronic stress</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">work overload</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">saliva cortisol</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">sex difference</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>The present study investigated the association between chronic stress and cortisol changes during the first hour after awakening in the morning. According to results of a pilot study, it was hypothesized that chronically stressed subjects would show a more enhanced and prolonged increase of cortisol level after awakening compared to non‐stressed subjects. In 100 subjects, chronic stress was assessed twice with a 1‐week interval between measures and cortisol was repeatedly measured during the first hour of awakening on 3 consecutive days. Results showed that chronically stressed subjects had a significantly larger increase in cortisol (+15.5 nmol/l) compared to unstressed subjects (+9.1 nmol/l). Further analysis indicated a significant sex difference with larger increases in chronically stressed women (+16.5 nmol/l) compared to stressed men (+11.8 nmol/l). From these data we conclude that a repeated measurement of free cortisol in response to awakening should be considered a possible biological correlate of chronic stress. Possible causes, consequences and clinical relevance of this hypercortisolism in chronically stressed subjects are briefly discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Increased free cortisol secretion after awakening in chronically stressed individuals due to work overload</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Chronic work stress and morning cortisol</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Increased free cortisol secretion after awakening in chronically stressed individuals due to work overload</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Peter</namePart><namePart type="family">Schulz</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Psychology,University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, D‐54286 Trier, Germany.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Clemens</namePart><namePart type="family">Kirschbaum</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jens</namePart><namePart type="family">Prüßner</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MS</namePart><affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Dirk</namePart><namePart type="family">Hellhammer</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">London</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1998-04</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">1996-10-30</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">1997-07-01</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1998</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">2</extent><extent unit="tables">3</extent><extent unit="references">28</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The present study investigated the association between chronic stress and cortisol changes during the first hour after awakening in the morning. According to results of a pilot study, it was hypothesized that chronically stressed subjects would show a more enhanced and prolonged increase of cortisol level after awakening compared to non‐stressed subjects. In 100 subjects, chronic stress was assessed twice with a 1‐week interval between measures and cortisol was repeatedly measured during the first hour of awakening on 3 consecutive days. Results showed that chronically stressed subjects had a significantly larger increase in cortisol (+15.5 nmol/l) compared to unstressed subjects (+9.1 nmol/l). Further analysis indicated a significant sex difference with larger increases in chronically stressed women (+16.5 nmol/l) compared to stressed men (+11.8 nmol/l). From these data we conclude that a repeated measurement of free cortisol in response to awakening should be considered a possible biological correlate of chronic stress. Possible causes, consequences and clinical relevance of this hypercortisolism in chronically stressed subjects are briefly discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>chronic stress</topic><topic>work overload</topic><topic>saliva cortisol</topic><topic>sex difference</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Stress Medicine</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Stress Med.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0748-8386</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1099-1700</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1700</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">SMI</identifier><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>14</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>91</start><end>97</end><total>7</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">06DF9BDA2C99F639E0DE334660AAF76CE229D3C0</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(199804)14:2<91::AID-SMI765>3.0.CO;2-S</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">SMI765</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Rhénanie/explor/UnivTrevesV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000E81 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000E81 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Rhénanie
|area= UnivTrevesV1
|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:06DF9BDA2C99F639E0DE334660AAF76CE229D3C0
|texte= Increased free cortisol secretion after awakening in chronically stressed individuals due to work overload
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31. |  |