Reporting Recollective Experiences: Direct Access to Memory Systems?
Identifieur interne : 000661 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000660; suivant : 000662Reporting Recollective Experiences: Direct Access to Memory Systems?
Auteurs : Fritz Strack ; Jens ForsterSource :
- Psychological Science [ 0956-7976 ] ; 1995.
Abstract
It has been suggested that the use of different memory systems can be identified by asking subjects whether they remember or know a recognized stimulus (e g, Gardiner & Java, 1990, Tulving, 1985) In this view, remember responses indicate the use of episodic memory, and know responses the use of implicit memory (e g, Gardiner & Java, in press) or semantic memory (Tulving, 1993) We criticize this position on both conceptual and empirical grounds We argue that the concept of knowing and the instructions of the studies confound declarative knowledge (knowledge by description) and familiarity-based knowledge (knowledge by acquaintance) The two types of knowledge, however, seem to be associated with different psychological processes To test this notion, we conducted two recognition experiments in which the response criteria were either explicitly or implicitly manipulated The results clearly suggest that know responses are more likely than remember responses to be influenced by judgmental strategies that do not require a memorial presentation of the known stimulus Self-reports appear to be useful indicators of underlying mechanisms only to the extent that it is sufficiently understood how such reports are generated
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00525.x
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uniqKey="Forster J" first="Jens" last="Forster">Jens Forster</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation></mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation></mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>1University of Trier</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Psychological Science</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Psychol Sci</title><idno type="ISSN">0956-7976</idno><idno type="eISSN">1467-9280</idno><imprint><publisher>SAGE Publications</publisher><pubPlace>Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1995">1995</date><biblScope unit="volume">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="352">352</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="358">358</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0956-7976</idno></series><idno type="istex">D8B28931A4BC3694D92B4C8A3E18E3C00F98BE9B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00525.x</idno><idno 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be associated with different psychological processes To test this notion, we conducted two recognition experiments in which the response criteria were either explicitly or implicitly manipulated The results clearly suggest that know responses are more likely than remember responses to be influenced by judgmental strategies that do not require a memorial presentation of the known stimulus Self-reports appear to be useful indicators of underlying mechanisms only to the extent that it is sufficiently understood how such reports are generated</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>sage</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Fritz Strack</name><affiliations><json:null></json:null><json:null></json:null><json:string>1University of Trier</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jens Forster</name><affiliations><json:null></json:null><json:null></json:null><json:string>1University of Trier</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>10.1111_j.1467-9280.1995.tb00525.x</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>research-article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>It has been suggested that the use of different memory systems can be identified by asking subjects whether they remember or know a recognized stimulus (e g, Gardiner & Java, 1990, Tulving, 1985) In this view, remember responses indicate the use of episodic memory, and know responses the use of implicit memory (e g, Gardiner & Java, in press) or semantic memory (Tulving, 1993) We criticize this position on both conceptual and empirical grounds We argue that the concept of knowing and the instructions of the studies confound declarative knowledge (knowledge by description) and familiarity-based knowledge (knowledge by acquaintance) The two types of knowledge, however, seem to be associated with different psychological processes To test this notion, we conducted two recognition experiments in which the response criteria were either explicitly or implicitly manipulated The results clearly suggest that know responses are more likely than remember responses to be influenced by judgmental strategies that do not require a memorial presentation of the known stimulus Self-reports appear to be useful indicators of underlying mechanisms only to the extent that it is sufficiently understood how such reports are generated</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>2.782</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>282 x 378 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1228</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>0</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>0</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>8</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>186</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Reporting Recollective Experiences: Direct Access to Memory Systems?</title><refBibs><json:item><host><author></author><title>Handbook of 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Current</title></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>6</volume><publisherId><json:string>PSS</json:string></publisherId><pages><last>358</last><first>352</first></pages><issn><json:string>0956-7976</json:string></issn><issue>6</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1467-9280</json:string></eissn><title>Psychological Science</title></host><categories><wos><json:string>social science</json:string><json:string>psychology, multidisciplinary</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>health sciences</json:string><json:string>psychology & cognitive sciences</json:string><json:string>experimental psychology</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>1995</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1995</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00525.x</json:string></doi><id>D8B28931A4BC3694D92B4C8A3E18E3C00F98BE9B</id><score>1.0781858</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/D8B28931A4BC3694D92B4C8A3E18E3C00F98BE9B/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/D8B28931A4BC3694D92B4C8A3E18E3C00F98BE9B/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/D8B28931A4BC3694D92B4C8A3E18E3C00F98BE9B/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Reporting Recollective Experiences: Direct Access to Memory Systems?</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>SAGE Publications</publisher><pubPlace>Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA</pubPlace><availability><p>© 1995 Association for Psychological Science</p></availability><date>1995</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>Address correspondence to Fritz Strack, Psychologie II, Universität Würzburg, Ludwigstr 6, Würzburg, Germany, e-mail strack@pcmail uni-trier de</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Reporting Recollective Experiences: Direct Access to Memory Systems?</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Fritz</forename><surname>Strack</surname></persName><affiliation></affiliation><affiliation></affiliation><affiliation>1University of Trier</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Jens</forename><surname>Forster</surname></persName><affiliation></affiliation><affiliation></affiliation><affiliation>1University of Trier</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Psychological Science</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Psychol Sci</title><idno type="pISSN">0956-7976</idno><idno type="eISSN">1467-9280</idno><imprint><publisher>SAGE Publications</publisher><pubPlace>Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1995"></date><biblScope unit="volume">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="352">352</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="358">358</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">D8B28931A4BC3694D92B4C8A3E18E3C00F98BE9B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00525.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">10.1111_j.1467-9280.1995.tb00525.x</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1995</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>It has been suggested that the use of different memory systems can be identified by asking subjects whether they remember or know a recognized stimulus (e g, Gardiner & Java, 1990, Tulving, 1985) In this view, remember responses indicate the use of episodic memory, and know responses the use of implicit memory (e g, Gardiner & Java, in press) or semantic memory (Tulving, 1993) We criticize this position on both conceptual and empirical grounds We argue that the concept of knowing and the instructions of the studies confound declarative knowledge (knowledge by description) and familiarity-based knowledge (knowledge by acquaintance) The two types of knowledge, however, seem to be associated with different psychological processes To test this notion, we conducted two recognition experiments in which the response criteria were either explicitly or implicitly manipulated The results clearly suggest that know responses are more likely than remember responses to be influenced by judgmental strategies that do not require a memorial presentation of the known stimulus Self-reports appear to be useful indicators of underlying mechanisms only to the extent that it is sufficiently understood how such reports are generated</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1995">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/D8B28931A4BC3694D92B4C8A3E18E3C00F98BE9B/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus sage not found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="journalpublishing.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="2.3" xml:lang="EN"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PSS</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">sppss</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Psychol Sci</journal-id><journal-title>Psychological Science</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0956-7976</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1467-9280</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SAGE Publications</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00525.x</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10.1111_j.1467-9280.1995.tb00525.x</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Reporting Recollective Experiences: Direct Access to Memory Systems?</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Strack</surname><given-names>Fritz</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1-j.1467-9280.1995.tb00525.x">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="corresp1-j.1467-9280.1995.tb00525.x"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Forster</surname><given-names>Jens</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1-j.1467-9280.1995.tb00525.x">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1-j.1467-9280.1995.tb00525.x"><label>1</label>University of Trier</aff><author-notes><corresp id="corresp1-j.1467-9280.1995.tb00525.x">Address correspondence to Fritz Strack, Psychologie II, Universität Würzburg, Ludwigstr 6, Würzburg, Germany, e-mail strack@pcmail uni-trier de</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub"><month>11</month><year>1995</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>352</fpage><lpage>358</lpage><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>28</day><month>4</month><year>1995</year></date><date date-type="received"><day>15</day><month>8</month><year>1994</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 1995 Association for Psychological Science</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1995</copyright-year><copyright-holder content-type="society">Association for Psychological Science</copyright-holder></permissions><abstract><p>It has been suggested that the use of different memory systems can be identified by asking subjects whether they remember or know a recognized stimulus (e g, Gardiner & Java, 1990, Tulving, 1985) In this view, remember responses indicate the use of episodic memory, and know responses the use of implicit memory (e g, Gardiner & Java, in press) or semantic memory (Tulving, 1993) We criticize this position on both conceptual and empirical grounds We argue that the concept of knowing and the instructions of the studies confound declarative knowledge (knowledge by description) and familiarity-based knowledge (knowledge by acquaintance) The two types of knowledge, however, seem to be associated with different psychological processes To test this notion, we conducted two recognition experiments in which the response criteria were either explicitly or implicitly manipulated The results clearly suggest that know responses are more likely than remember responses to be influenced by judgmental strategies that do not require a memorial presentation of the known stimulus Self-reports appear to be useful indicators of underlying mechanisms only to the extent that it is sufficiently understood how such reports are generated</p></abstract></article-meta></front><back><ack><p>This research was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft We would like to thank Uta Deppe, who served as experimenter Helpful comments and Suggestions from Axel Buchner, Maru H Gonzales, John Kihlstrom, Endel Tulving, Werner Wippich, an anonymous reviewer, and our colleagues from the Social Judgment Project are gratefully acknowledged</p></ack><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="bibr1-j.1467-9280.1995.tb00525.x"><citation citation-type="book" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Boff</surname><given-names>K.R.</given-names></name><name name-style="western"><surname>Kaufman</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name name-style="western"><surname>Thomas</surname><given-names>J.P.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1986</year>). <source>Handbook of perception and human performance</source><publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>, <publisher-name>Wiley</publisher-name>.</citation></ref><ref id="bibr2-j.1467-9280.1995.tb00525.x"><citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dodd</surname><given-names>D.H.</given-names></name><name 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(<year>1993</year>). <article-title>What is episodic memory? Current</article-title><source>Directions in Psychological Science</source>, <volume>2</volume>, <fpage>67</fpage>–<lpage>70</lpage>.</citation></ref></ref-list></back></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Reporting Recollective Experiences: Direct Access to Memory Systems?</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Reporting Recollective Experiences: Direct Access to Memory Systems?</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Fritz</namePart><namePart type="family">Strack</namePart><affiliation></affiliation><affiliation></affiliation><affiliation>1University of Trier</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jens</namePart><namePart type="family">Forster</namePart><affiliation></affiliation><affiliation></affiliation><affiliation>1University of Trier</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>SAGE Publications</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1995</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1995</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">It has been suggested that the use of different memory systems can be identified by asking subjects whether they remember or know a recognized stimulus (e g, Gardiner & Java, 1990, Tulving, 1985) In this view, remember responses indicate the use of episodic memory, and know responses the use of implicit memory (e g, Gardiner & Java, in press) or semantic memory (Tulving, 1993) We criticize this position on both conceptual and empirical grounds We argue that the concept of knowing and the instructions of the studies confound declarative knowledge (knowledge by description) and familiarity-based knowledge (knowledge by acquaintance) The two types of knowledge, however, seem to be associated with different psychological processes To test this notion, we conducted two recognition experiments in which the response criteria were either explicitly or implicitly manipulated The results clearly suggest that know responses are more likely than remember responses to be influenced by judgmental strategies that do not require a memorial presentation of the known stimulus Self-reports appear to be useful indicators of underlying mechanisms only to the extent that it is sufficiently understood how such reports are generated</abstract><note type="author-notes">Address correspondence to Fritz Strack, Psychologie II, Universität Würzburg, Ludwigstr 6, Würzburg, Germany, e-mail strack@pcmail uni-trier de</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Psychological Science</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Psychol Sci</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0956-7976</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1467-9280</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">PSS</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">sppss</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">Psychol Sci</identifier><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>6</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>352</start><end>358</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">D8B28931A4BC3694D92B4C8A3E18E3C00F98BE9B</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00525.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">10.1111_j.1467-9280.1995.tb00525.x</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 1995 Association for Psychological Science</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>SAGE</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Association for Psychological Science</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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