Identifying the Evolutionary Building Blocks of the Cardiac Conduction System
Identifieur interne : 000445 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000444; suivant : 000446Identifying the Evolutionary Building Blocks of the Cardiac Conduction System
Auteurs : Bjarke Jensen [Pays-Bas, Danemark] ; Bastiaan J. D. Boukens [Pays-Bas] ; Alex V. Postma [Pays-Bas] ; Quinn D. Gunst [Pays-Bas] ; Maurice J. B. Van Den Hoff [Pays-Bas] ; Antoon F. M. Moorman [Pays-Bas] ; Tobias Wang [Danemark] ; Vincent M. Christoffels [Pays-Bas]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
The endothermic state of mammals and birds requires high heart rates to accommodate the high rates of oxygen consumption. These high heart rates are driven by very similar conduction systems consisting of an atrioventricular node that slows the electrical impulse and a His-Purkinje system that efficiently activates the ventricular chambers. While ectothermic vertebrates have similar contraction patterns, they do not possess anatomical evidence for a conduction system. This lack amongst extant ectotherms is surprising because mammals and birds evolved independently from reptile-like ancestors. Using conserved genetic markers, we found that the conduction system design of lizard (
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DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044231
PubMed: 22984480
PubMed Central: 3439475
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D." last="Boukens">Bastiaan J. D. Boukens</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Postma, Alex V" sort="Postma, Alex V" uniqKey="Postma A" first="Alex V." last="Postma">Alex V. 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Gunst</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Hoff, Maurice J B" sort="Van Den Hoff, Maurice J B" uniqKey="Van Den Hoff M" first="Maurice J. B." last="Van Den Hoff">Maurice J. B. Van Den Hoff</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moorman, Antoon F M" sort="Moorman, Antoon F M" uniqKey="Moorman A" first="Antoon F. M." last="Moorman">Antoon F. M. Moorman</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Tobias" sort="Wang, Tobias" uniqKey="Wang T" first="Tobias" last="Wang">Tobias Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Biological Sciences, Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Aarhus</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Christoffels, Vincent M" sort="Christoffels, Vincent M" uniqKey="Christoffels V" first="Vincent M." last="Christoffels">Vincent M. Christoffels</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The endothermic state of mammals and birds requires high heart rates to accommodate the high rates of oxygen consumption. These high heart rates are driven by very similar conduction systems consisting of an atrioventricular node that slows the electrical impulse and a His-Purkinje system that efficiently activates the ventricular chambers. While ectothermic vertebrates have similar contraction patterns, they do not possess anatomical evidence for a conduction system. This lack amongst extant ectotherms is surprising because mammals and birds evolved independently from reptile-like ancestors. Using conserved genetic markers, we found that the conduction system design of lizard (<italic>Anolis carolinensis</italic> and <italic>A. sagrei</italic>), frog (<italic>Xenopus laevis</italic>) and zebrafish (<italic>Danio rerio</italic>) adults is strikingly similar to that of embryos of mammals (mouse <italic>Mus musculus</italic>, and man) and chicken (<italic>Gallus gallus</italic>). Thus, in ectothermic adults, the slow conducting atrioventricular canal muscle is present, no fibrous insulating plane is formed, and the spongy ventricle serves the dual purpose of conduction and contraction. Optical mapping showed base-to-apex activation of the ventricles of the ectothermic animals, similar to the activation pattern of mammalian and avian embryonic ventricles and to the His-Purkinje systems of the formed hearts. Mammalian and avian ventricles uniquely develop thick compact walls and septum and, hence, form a discrete ventricular conduction system from the embryonic spongy ventricle. Our study uncovers the evolutionary building plan of heart and indicates that the building blocks of the conduction system of adult ectothermic vertebrates and embryos of endotherms are similar.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lillywhite, Hb" uniqKey="Lillywhite H">HB Lillywhite</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zippel, Kc" uniqKey="Zippel K">KC Zippel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farrell, Ap" uniqKey="Farrell A">AP Farrell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Christoffels, Vm" uniqKey="Christoffels V">VM Christoffels</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smits, Gj" uniqKey="Smits G">GJ Smits</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kispert, A" uniqKey="Kispert A">A Kispert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moorman, Af" uniqKey="Moorman A">AF Moorman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name 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sortKey="Wei Ping, M" uniqKey="Wei Ping M">M Wei-Ping</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jie Ping, C" uniqKey="Jie Ping C">C Jie-Ping</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gong Qing, H" uniqKey="Gong Qing H">H Gong-Qing</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22984480</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3439475</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-12-15211</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0044231</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Anatomy and Physiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Cardiovascular System</subject><subj-group><subject>Cardiovascular Anatomy</subject><subject>Circulatory Physiology</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Comparative Anatomy</subject><subject>Electrophysiology</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Developmental Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Morphogenesis</subject><subj-group><subject>Heart Development</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Embryology</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Histology</subject></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Zoology</subject><subj-group><subject>Animal Physiology</subject><subject>Comparative Anatomy</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Identifying the Evolutionary Building Blocks of the Cardiac Conduction System</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Evolutionary Basis of Cardiac Conduction</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jensen</surname><given-names>Bjarke</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boukens</surname><given-names>Bastiaan J. D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Postma</surname><given-names>Alex V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gunst</surname><given-names>Quinn D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van den Hoff</surname><given-names>Maurice J. B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moorman</surname><given-names>Antoon F. M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Tobias</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Christoffels</surname><given-names>Vincent M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><addr-line>Department of Biological Sciences, Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Goumans</surname><given-names>Marie Jose</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>v.m.christoffels@amc.uva.nl</email></corresp><fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: BJ AVP AFMM VMC. Performed the experiments: BJ BJDB QDG. Analyzed the data: BJ BJDB AFMM VMC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MJBvdH AFMM VMC. Wrote the paper: BJ MJBvdH AFMM TW VMC.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>9</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ecorrected"><day>12
</day><month>9</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>9</issue><elocation-id>e44231</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day><month>5</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>30</day><month>7</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Jensen et al</copyright-holder><license><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The endothermic state of mammals and birds requires high heart rates to accommodate the high rates of oxygen consumption. These high heart rates are driven by very similar conduction systems consisting of an atrioventricular node that slows the electrical impulse and a His-Purkinje system that efficiently activates the ventricular chambers. While ectothermic vertebrates have similar contraction patterns, they do not possess anatomical evidence for a conduction system. This lack amongst extant ectotherms is surprising because mammals and birds evolved independently from reptile-like ancestors. Using conserved genetic markers, we found that the conduction system design of lizard (<italic>Anolis carolinensis</italic> and <italic>A. sagrei</italic>), frog (<italic>Xenopus laevis</italic>) and zebrafish (<italic>Danio rerio</italic>) adults is strikingly similar to that of embryos of mammals (mouse <italic>Mus musculus</italic>, and man) and chicken (<italic>Gallus gallus</italic>). Thus, in ectothermic adults, the slow conducting atrioventricular canal muscle is present, no fibrous insulating plane is formed, and the spongy ventricle serves the dual purpose of conduction and contraction. Optical mapping showed base-to-apex activation of the ventricles of the ectothermic animals, similar to the activation pattern of mammalian and avian embryonic ventricles and to the His-Purkinje systems of the formed hearts. Mammalian and avian ventricles uniquely develop thick compact walls and septum and, hence, form a discrete ventricular conduction system from the embryonic spongy ventricle. Our study uncovers the evolutionary building plan of heart and indicates that the building blocks of the conduction system of adult ectothermic vertebrates and embryos of endotherms are similar.</p></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>This work was supported by grants from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme contract (‘CardioGeNet’ 223463 to VMC) and the Netherlands Heart Foundation (NHS 2008B062 to VMC). Tobias Wang and Bjarke Jensen were supported by The Danish Council for Independent Research | Natural Sciences. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><page-count count="13"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Danemark</li><li>Pays-Bas</li></country><region><li>Hollande-Septentrionale</li></region><settlement><li>Amsterdam</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Amsterdam</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Hollande-Septentrionale"><name sortKey="Jensen, Bjarke" sort="Jensen, Bjarke" uniqKey="Jensen B" first="Bjarke" last="Jensen">Bjarke Jensen</name></region><name sortKey="Boukens, Bastiaan J D" sort="Boukens, Bastiaan J D" uniqKey="Boukens B" first="Bastiaan J. D." last="Boukens">Bastiaan J. D. Boukens</name><name sortKey="Christoffels, Vincent M" sort="Christoffels, Vincent M" uniqKey="Christoffels V" first="Vincent M." last="Christoffels">Vincent M. Christoffels</name><name sortKey="Gunst, Quinn D" sort="Gunst, Quinn D" uniqKey="Gunst Q" first="Quinn D." last="Gunst">Quinn D. Gunst</name><name sortKey="Moorman, Antoon F M" sort="Moorman, Antoon F M" uniqKey="Moorman A" first="Antoon F. M." last="Moorman">Antoon F. M. Moorman</name><name sortKey="Postma, Alex V" sort="Postma, Alex V" uniqKey="Postma A" first="Alex V." last="Postma">Alex V. Postma</name><name sortKey="Van Den Hoff, Maurice J B" sort="Van Den Hoff, Maurice J B" uniqKey="Van Den Hoff M" first="Maurice J. B." last="Van Den Hoff">Maurice J. B. Van Den Hoff</name></country><country name="Danemark"><noRegion><name sortKey="Jensen, Bjarke" sort="Jensen, Bjarke" uniqKey="Jensen B" first="Bjarke" last="Jensen">Bjarke Jensen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Wang, Tobias" sort="Wang, Tobias" uniqKey="Wang T" first="Tobias" last="Wang">Tobias Wang</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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