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Ontogeny of the somatostatin variant [Pro2,Met13]somatostatin‐14 in the brain, pituitary, and sensory organs of the frog Rana esculenta

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Ontogeny of the somatostatin variant [Pro2,Met13]somatostatin‐14 in the brain, pituitary, and sensory organs of the frog Rana esculenta

Auteurs : Mauro Vallarino [Italie] ; Federica Bruzzone [Italie, France] ; Maura Mathieu [Italie] ; Nicolas Chartrel [France] ; Didier Vieau [France] ; Monica Ciarlo [Italie] ; Alain Fournier [Canada] ; Hubert Vaudry [France]

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RBID : ISTEX:50F63E85472097FDB2E3C88B1E3069468F053ED2

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Abstract

Two forms of somatostatin are expressed in the frog brain, i.e., somatostatin‐14 (SS1) and the [Pro2, Met13]somatostatin‐14 variant (SS2). We have previously described the ontogeny of SS1‐immunoreactive cells in the brain of Rana esculenta. In the present study, we have investigated the distribution of prepro‐SS2 (PSS2)‐expressing neurons in the brain of the same species during development by using antibodies directed against the N‐flanking region of SS2 (PSS254‐66). Immunoreactive perikarya first appeared in the ventral hypothalamus at stages IV–VII. Subsequently, positive neurons were seen in the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, the anterior preoptic area, the posterior tuberculum (stages VIII–XII), as well as the dorsal (stages XIII–XV) and medial (stages XIX–XX) periventricular preoptic nucleus. At metamorphic climax and in newly metamorphosed frogs, positive perikarya were found in the striatum and in the interpeduncular nucleus. PSS254‐66‐immunoreactive fibers were already widely distributed during the first stages of development, indicating that SS2 may act as a neuromodulator and/or neurotransmitter during ontogeny. The presence of PSS254‐66‐positive nerve fibers in olfactory structures suggests that, in tadpoles, SS2 may be involved in the processing of olfactory information. The occurrence of PSS254‐66‐like immunoreactivity in taste buds, and in the olfactory and vomeronasal organs indicates that SS2 may mediate the unconditioned and reinforcing properties of natural chemicals. Finally, the intenseexpression of PSS254‐66‐like immunoreactivity in melanotrope cells of the pituitary suggests that SS2 may diffuse toward the pars distalis to regulate the activity of adenohypophysial cells during tadpole development. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:717–733, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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DOI: 10.1002/cne.20986

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ISTEX:50F63E85472097FDB2E3C88B1E3069468F053ED2

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<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Two forms of somatostatin are expressed in the frog brain, i.e., somatostatin‐14 (SS1) and the [Pro2, Met13]somatostatin‐14 variant (SS2). We have previously described the ontogeny of SS1‐immunoreactive cells in the brain of Rana esculenta. In the present study, we have investigated the distribution of prepro‐SS2 (PSS2)‐expressing neurons in the brain of the same species during development by using antibodies directed against the N‐flanking region of SS2 (PSS254‐66). Immunoreactive perikarya first appeared in the ventral hypothalamus at stages IV–VII. Subsequently, positive neurons were seen in the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, the anterior preoptic area, the posterior tuberculum (stages VIII–XII), as well as the dorsal (stages XIII–XV) and medial (stages XIX–XX) periventricular preoptic nucleus. At metamorphic climax and in newly metamorphosed frogs, positive perikarya were found in the striatum and in the interpeduncular nucleus. PSS254‐66‐immunoreactive fibers were already widely distributed during the first stages of development, indicating that SS2 may act as a neuromodulator and/or neurotransmitter during ontogeny. The presence of PSS254‐66‐positive nerve fibers in olfactory structures suggests that, in tadpoles, SS2 may be involved in the processing of olfactory information. The occurrence of PSS254‐66‐like immunoreactivity in taste buds, and in the olfactory and vomeronasal organs indicates that SS2 may mediate the unconditioned and reinforcing properties of natural chemicals. Finally, the intenseexpression of PSS254‐66‐like immunoreactivity in melanotrope cells of the pituitary suggests that SS2 may diffuse toward the pars distalis to regulate the activity of adenohypophysial cells during tadpole development. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:717–733, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</div>
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