Ontogeny of the somatostatin variant [Pro2,Met13]somatostatin‐14 in the brain, pituitary, and sensory organs of the frog Rana esculenta
Identifieur interne : 001277 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001276; suivant : 001278Ontogeny of the somatostatin variant [Pro2,Met13]somatostatin‐14 in the brain, pituitary, and sensory organs of the frog Rana esculenta
Auteurs : Mauro Vallarino ; Federica Bruzzone ; Maura Mathieu ; Nicolas Chartrel ; Didier Vieau ; Monica Ciarlo ; Alain Fournier ; Hubert VaudrySource :
- Journal of Comparative Neurology [ 0021-9967 ] ; 2006-08-10.
English descriptors
Abstract
Two forms of somatostatin are expressed in the frog brain, i.e., somatostatin‐14 (SS1) and the [Pro2, Met13]somatostatin‐14 variant (SS2). We have previously described the ontogeny of SS1‐immunoreactive cells in the brain of Rana esculenta. In the present study, we have investigated the distribution of prepro‐SS2 (PSS2)‐expressing neurons in the brain of the same species during development by using antibodies directed against the N‐flanking region of SS2 (PSS254‐66). Immunoreactive perikarya first appeared in the ventral hypothalamus at stages IV–VII. Subsequently, positive neurons were seen in the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, the anterior preoptic area, the posterior tuberculum (stages VIII–XII), as well as the dorsal (stages XIII–XV) and medial (stages XIX–XX) periventricular preoptic nucleus. At metamorphic climax and in newly metamorphosed frogs, positive perikarya were found in the striatum and in the interpeduncular nucleus. PSS254‐66‐immunoreactive fibers were already widely distributed during the first stages of development, indicating that SS2 may act as a neuromodulator and/or neurotransmitter during ontogeny. The presence of PSS254‐66‐positive nerve fibers in olfactory structures suggests that, in tadpoles, SS2 may be involved in the processing of olfactory information. The occurrence of PSS254‐66‐like immunoreactivity in taste buds, and in the olfactory and vomeronasal organs indicates that SS2 may mediate the unconditioned and reinforcing properties of natural chemicals. Finally, the intenseexpression of PSS254‐66‐like immunoreactivity in melanotrope cells of the pituitary suggests that SS2 may diffuse toward the pars distalis to regulate the activity of adenohypophysial cells during tadpole development. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:717–733, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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DOI: 10.1002/cne.20986
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We have previously described the ontogeny of SS1‐immunoreactive cells in the brain of Rana esculenta. In the present study, we have investigated the distribution of prepro‐SS2 (PSS2)‐expressing neurons in the brain of the same species during development by using antibodies directed against the N‐flanking region of SS2 (PSS254‐66). Immunoreactive perikarya first appeared in the ventral hypothalamus at stages IV–VII. Subsequently, positive neurons were seen in the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, the anterior preoptic area, the posterior tuberculum (stages VIII–XII), as well as the dorsal (stages XIII–XV) and medial (stages XIX–XX) periventricular preoptic nucleus. At metamorphic climax and in newly metamorphosed frogs, positive perikarya were found in the striatum and in the interpeduncular nucleus. PSS254‐66‐immunoreactive fibers were already widely distributed during the first stages of development, indicating that SS2 may act as a neuromodulator and/or neurotransmitter during ontogeny. The presence of PSS254‐66‐positive nerve fibers in olfactory structures suggests that, in tadpoles, SS2 may be involved in the processing of olfactory information. The occurrence of PSS254‐66‐like immunoreactivity in taste buds, and in the olfactory and vomeronasal organs indicates that SS2 may mediate the unconditioned and reinforcing properties of natural chemicals. Finally, the intenseexpression of PSS254‐66‐like immunoreactivity in melanotrope cells of the pituitary suggests that SS2 may diffuse toward the pars distalis to regulate the activity of adenohypophysial cells during tadpole development. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:717–733, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Mauro Vallarino</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</json:string><json:string>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, Section of Neuroendocrinology and Developmental Biology, Viale Benedetto XV, 5, 16126 Genova, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Federica Bruzzone</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</json:string><json:string>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Maura Mathieu</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Nicolas Chartrel</name><affiliations><json:string>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Didier Vieau</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratory of Developmental Neuroendocrinology, University of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Monica Ciarlo</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Alain Fournier</name><affiliations><json:string>Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique‐Institut Armand Frappier, Université du Québec, Pointe‐Claire, Québec H9R 1G6, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Hubert Vaudry</name><affiliations><json:string>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>frog</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>[Pro2,Met13]somatostatin‐14 precursor</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>brain</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>development</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>neuropeptides</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>CNE20986</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Two forms of somatostatin are expressed in the frog brain, i.e., somatostatin‐14 (SS1) and the [Pro2, Met13]somatostatin‐14 variant (SS2). We have previously described the ontogeny of SS1‐immunoreactive cells in the brain of Rana esculenta. In the present study, we have investigated the distribution of prepro‐SS2 (PSS2)‐expressing neurons in the brain of the same species during development by using antibodies directed against the N‐flanking region of SS2 (PSS254‐66). Immunoreactive perikarya first appeared in the ventral hypothalamus at stages IV–VII. Subsequently, positive neurons were seen in the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, the anterior preoptic area, the posterior tuberculum (stages VIII–XII), as well as the dorsal (stages XIII–XV) and medial (stages XIX–XX) periventricular preoptic nucleus. At metamorphic climax and in newly metamorphosed frogs, positive perikarya were found in the striatum and in the interpeduncular nucleus. PSS254‐66‐immunoreactive fibers were already widely distributed during the first stages of development, indicating that SS2 may act as a neuromodulator and/or neurotransmitter during ontogeny. The presence of PSS254‐66‐positive nerve fibers in olfactory structures suggests that, in tadpoles, SS2 may be involved in the processing of olfactory information. The occurrence of PSS254‐66‐like immunoreactivity in taste buds, and in the olfactory and vomeronasal organs indicates that SS2 may mediate the unconditioned and reinforcing properties of natural chemicals. Finally, the intenseexpression of PSS254‐66‐like immunoreactivity in melanotrope cells of the pituitary suggests that SS2 may diffuse toward the pars distalis to regulate the activity of adenohypophysial cells during tadpole development. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:717–733, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>594 x 792 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1816</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>7176</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>49287</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>17</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>250</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Ontogeny of the somatostatin variant [Pro2,Met13]somatostatin‐14 in the brain, pituitary, and sensory organs of the frog Rana esculenta</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>497</volume><publisherId><json:string>CNE</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>17</total><last>733</last><first>717</first></pages><issn><json:string>0021-9967</json:string></issn><issue>5</issue><subject><json:item><value>Article</value></json:item></subject><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1096-9861</json:string></eissn><title>Journal of Comparative Neurology</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9861</json:string></doi></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>zoology</json:string><json:string>neurosciences</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>health sciences</json:string><json:string>clinical medicine</json:string><json:string>neurology & neurosurgery</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2006</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2006</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/cne.20986</json:string></doi><id>50F63E85472097FDB2E3C88B1E3069468F053ED2</id><score>0.018353011</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/50F63E85472097FDB2E3C88B1E3069468F053ED2/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/50F63E85472097FDB2E3C88B1E3069468F053ED2/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/50F63E85472097FDB2E3C88B1E3069468F053ED2/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Ontogeny of the somatostatin variant [Pro2,Met13]somatostatin‐14 in the brain, pituitary, and sensory organs of the frog Rana esculenta</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><availability><p>Copyright © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></availability><date>2006</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>University of Genova</note><note>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - No. U 413;</note><note>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec (INSERM/FRSQ Exchange Program)</note><note>Conseil Régional de Haute‐Normandie</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Ontogeny of the somatostatin variant [Pro2,Met13]somatostatin‐14 in the brain, pituitary, and sensory organs of the frog Rana esculenta</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Mauro</forename><surname>Vallarino</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, Section of Neuroendocrinology and Developmental Biology, Viale Benedetto XV, 5, 16126 Genova, Italy</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Federica</forename><surname>Bruzzone</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Maura</forename><surname>Mathieu</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Nicolas</forename><surname>Chartrel</surname></persName><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Didier</forename><surname>Vieau</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratory of Developmental Neuroendocrinology, University of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Monica</forename><surname>Ciarlo</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-7"><persName><forename type="first">Alain</forename><surname>Fournier</surname></persName><affiliation>Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique‐Institut Armand Frappier, Université du Québec, Pointe‐Claire, Québec H9R 1G6, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-8"><persName><forename type="first">Hubert</forename><surname>Vaudry</surname></persName><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Comparative Neurology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. 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We have previously described the ontogeny of SS1‐immunoreactive cells in the brain of Rana esculenta. In the present study, we have investigated the distribution of prepro‐SS2 (PSS2)‐expressing neurons in the brain of the same species during development by using antibodies directed against the N‐flanking region of SS2 (PSS254‐66). Immunoreactive perikarya first appeared in the ventral hypothalamus at stages IV–VII. Subsequently, positive neurons were seen in the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, the anterior preoptic area, the posterior tuberculum (stages VIII–XII), as well as the dorsal (stages XIII–XV) and medial (stages XIX–XX) periventricular preoptic nucleus. At metamorphic climax and in newly metamorphosed frogs, positive perikarya were found in the striatum and in the interpeduncular nucleus. PSS254‐66‐immunoreactive fibers were already widely distributed during the first stages of development, indicating that SS2 may act as a neuromodulator and/or neurotransmitter during ontogeny. The presence of PSS254‐66‐positive nerve fibers in olfactory structures suggests that, in tadpoles, SS2 may be involved in the processing of olfactory information. The occurrence of PSS254‐66‐like immunoreactivity in taste buds, and in the olfactory and vomeronasal organs indicates that SS2 may mediate the unconditioned and reinforcing properties of natural chemicals. Finally, the intenseexpression of PSS254‐66‐like immunoreactivity in melanotrope cells of the pituitary suggests that SS2 may diffuse toward the pars distalis to regulate the activity of adenohypophysial cells during tadpole development. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:717–733, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>frog</term></item><item><term>[Pro2,Met13]somatostatin‐14 precursor</term></item><item><term>brain</term></item><item><term>development</term></item><item><term>neuropeptides</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2004-11-05">Received</change><change when="2006-02-07">Registration</change><change when="2006-08-10">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/50F63E85472097FDB2E3C88B1E3069468F053ED2/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisherName><publisherLoc>Hoboken</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9861</doi><issn type="print">0021-9967</issn><issn type="electronic">1096-9861</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="CNE"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Journal of Comparative Neurology</title><title type="short">J. 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Neurol.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="50"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/cne.v497:5</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="497">497</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">5</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2006-08-10">10 August 2006</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="30" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/cne.20986</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="CNE20986"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="17"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2004-11-05"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2005-11-11"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2006-02-07"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2006-06-19"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2006-06-19"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-01"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-15"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-30"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">717</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">733</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, Section of Neuroendocrinology and Developmental Biology, Viale Benedetto XV, 5, 16126 Genova, Italy</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:CNE.CNE20986.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="14"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="2"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="41"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="8930"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Ontogeny of the somatostatin variant [Pro<sup>2</sup>,Met<sup>13</sup>]somatostatin‐14 in the brain, pituitary, and sensory organs of the frog <i>Rana esculenta</i></title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">Somatostatin‐2 in the Tadpole Brain</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Mauro</givenNames><familyName>Vallarino</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email>mvallari@unige.it</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2"><personName><givenNames>Federica</givenNames><familyName>Bruzzone</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Maura</givenNames><familyName>Mathieu</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Nicolas</givenNames><familyName>Chartrel</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3"><personName><givenNames>Didier</givenNames><familyName>Vieau</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Monica</givenNames><familyName>Ciarlo</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au7" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af4"><personName><givenNames>Alain</givenNames><familyName>Fournier</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au8" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Hubert</givenNames><familyName>Vaudry</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="IT" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Laboratory of Developmental Neuroendocrinology, University of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af4" countryCode="CA" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique‐Institut Armand Frappier, Université du Québec, Pointe‐Claire, Québec H9R 1G6, Canada</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">frog</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">[Pro<sup>2</sup>,Met<sup>13</sup>]somatostatin‐14 precursor</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">brain</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">development</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">neuropeptides</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>University of Genova</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>U 413</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec (INSERM/FRSQ Exchange Program)</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Conseil Régional de Haute‐Normandie</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Two forms of somatostatin are expressed in the frog brain, i.e., somatostatin‐14 (SS1) and the [Pro<sup>2</sup>, Met<sup>13</sup>]somatostatin‐14 variant (SS2). We have previously described the ontogeny of SS1‐immunoreactive cells in the brain of <i>Rana esculenta</i>. In the present study, we have investigated the distribution of prepro‐SS2 (PSS2)‐expressing neurons in the brain of the same species during development by using antibodies directed against the N‐flanking region of SS2 (PSS2<sub>54‐66</sub>). Immunoreactive perikarya first appeared in the ventral hypothalamus at stages IV–VII. Subsequently, positive neurons were seen in the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, the anterior preoptic area, the posterior tuberculum (stages VIII–XII), as well as the dorsal (stages XIII–XV) and medial (stages XIX–XX) periventricular preoptic nucleus. At metamorphic climax and in newly metamorphosed frogs, positive perikarya were found in the striatum and in the interpeduncular nucleus. PSS2<sub>54‐66</sub>‐immunoreactive fibers were already widely distributed during the first stages of development, indicating that SS2 may act as a neuromodulator and/or neurotransmitter during ontogeny. The presence of PSS2<sub>54‐66</sub>‐positive nerve fibers in olfactory structures suggests that, in tadpoles, SS2 may be involved in the processing of olfactory information. The occurrence of PSS2<sub>54‐66</sub>‐like immunoreactivity in taste buds, and in the olfactory and vomeronasal organs indicates that SS2 may mediate the unconditioned and reinforcing properties of natural chemicals. Finally, the intenseexpression of PSS2<sub>54‐66</sub>‐like immunoreactivity in melanotrope cells of the pituitary suggests that SS2 may diffuse toward the pars distalis to regulate the activity of adenohypophysial cells during tadpole development. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:717–733, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Ontogeny of the somatostatin variant [Pro2,Met13]somatostatin‐14 in the brain, pituitary, and sensory organs of the frog Rana esculenta</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Somatostatin‐2 in the Tadpole Brain</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Ontogeny of the somatostatin variant [Pro2,Met13]somatostatin‐14 in the brain, pituitary, and sensory organs of the frog Rana esculenta</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mauro</namePart><namePart type="family">Vallarino</namePart><affiliation>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, Section of Neuroendocrinology and Developmental Biology, Viale Benedetto XV, 5, 16126 Genova, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Federica</namePart><namePart type="family">Bruzzone</namePart><affiliation>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Maura</namePart><namePart type="family">Mathieu</namePart><affiliation>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Nicolas</namePart><namePart type="family">Chartrel</namePart><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Didier</namePart><namePart type="family">Vieau</namePart><affiliation>Laboratory of Developmental Neuroendocrinology, University of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Monica</namePart><namePart type="family">Ciarlo</namePart><affiliation>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alain</namePart><namePart type="family">Fournier</namePart><affiliation>Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique‐Institut Armand Frappier, Université du Québec, Pointe‐Claire, Québec H9R 1G6, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hubert</namePart><namePart type="family">Vaudry</namePart><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2006-08-10</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2004-11-05</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2006-02-07</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2006</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">14</extent><extent unit="tables">2</extent><extent unit="references">41</extent><extent unit="words">8930</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Two forms of somatostatin are expressed in the frog brain, i.e., somatostatin‐14 (SS1) and the [Pro2, Met13]somatostatin‐14 variant (SS2). We have previously described the ontogeny of SS1‐immunoreactive cells in the brain of Rana esculenta. In the present study, we have investigated the distribution of prepro‐SS2 (PSS2)‐expressing neurons in the brain of the same species during development by using antibodies directed against the N‐flanking region of SS2 (PSS254‐66). Immunoreactive perikarya first appeared in the ventral hypothalamus at stages IV–VII. Subsequently, positive neurons were seen in the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, the anterior preoptic area, the posterior tuberculum (stages VIII–XII), as well as the dorsal (stages XIII–XV) and medial (stages XIX–XX) periventricular preoptic nucleus. At metamorphic climax and in newly metamorphosed frogs, positive perikarya were found in the striatum and in the interpeduncular nucleus. PSS254‐66‐immunoreactive fibers were already widely distributed during the first stages of development, indicating that SS2 may act as a neuromodulator and/or neurotransmitter during ontogeny. The presence of PSS254‐66‐positive nerve fibers in olfactory structures suggests that, in tadpoles, SS2 may be involved in the processing of olfactory information. The occurrence of PSS254‐66‐like immunoreactivity in taste buds, and in the olfactory and vomeronasal organs indicates that SS2 may mediate the unconditioned and reinforcing properties of natural chemicals. Finally, the intenseexpression of PSS254‐66‐like immunoreactivity in melanotrope cells of the pituitary suggests that SS2 may diffuse toward the pars distalis to regulate the activity of adenohypophysial cells during tadpole development. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:717–733, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><note type="funding">University of Genova</note><note type="funding">Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - No. U 413; </note><note type="funding">Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec (INSERM/FRSQ Exchange Program)</note><note type="funding">Conseil Régional de Haute‐Normandie</note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>frog</topic><topic>[Pro2,Met13]somatostatin‐14 precursor</topic><topic>brain</topic><topic>development</topic><topic>neuropeptides</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Comparative Neurology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Comp. Neurol.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0021-9967</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1096-9861</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9861</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">CNE</identifier><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>497</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>5</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>717</start><end>733</end><total>17</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">50F63E85472097FDB2E3C88B1E3069468F053ED2</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/cne.20986</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">CNE20986</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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