Genetic Identity, Phylogeography, and Systematics of Ruffe Gymnocephalus in the North American Great Lakes and Eurasia
Identifieur interne : 001561 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001560; suivant : 001562Genetic Identity, Phylogeography, and Systematics of Ruffe Gymnocephalus in the North American Great Lakes and Eurasia
Auteurs : Carol A. Stepien ; Alison K. Dillon ; Mark D. ChandlerSource :
- Journal of Great Lakes Research [ 0380-1330 ] ; 1998.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine possible source regions for the newly invasive ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (Percidae: Teleostei), and to compare its level of genetic variability and divergence with Eurasian populations and congeners. Sequencing the entire mitochondrial DNA control region (1,024 base pairs) showed that G. baloni and G. schraetser were distinguished by six and seven fixed sequence substitutions, respectively, and were estimated to have diverged from G. cernuus by about 1.2 million years. Five Eurasian haplotypes of G. cernuus were identified, each distinguished by fixed sequence substitutions, and only one in trapopulational polymorphism was discerned. The five haplotypes of G. cernuus were divided into two primary groupsa western (Danube River and the introduced Bassenthwaite Lake, England populations) and an eastern (Baltic Sea area and Ob River, Siberia populations) groupdiverged by seven fixed sequence differences and an estimated 450,000 years. The two groups were probably isolated in different glacial refugia during the mid-Pleistocene Epoch. The population from the Danube River appeared genetically identical to the North American exotic population. The exotic population from Bassenthwaite Lake was distinguished from the Danube River/North American type by a fixed base substitution. Within the eastern group, the Baltic Sea area samples were separable from the Siberia population by a fixed substitution, repeated 17 times. Lack of genetic variability in most Eurasian populations of ruffe may be due to rapid expansion and founder events during post-Pleistocene recolonization.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70827-5
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:E66810CC01D56D37ADD69AC10F0C45C7EA9EFDA0Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Genetic Identity, Phylogeography, and Systematics of Ruffe Gymnocephalus in the North American Great Lakes and Eurasia</title><author><name sortKey="Stepien, Carol A" sort="Stepien, Carol A" uniqKey="Stepien C" first="Carol A." last="Stepien">Carol A. Stepien</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: cas20@po.cwru.edu</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dillon, Alison K" sort="Dillon, Alison K" uniqKey="Dillon A" first="Alison K." last="Dillon">Alison K. Dillon</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chandler, Mark D" sort="Chandler, Mark D" uniqKey="Chandler M" first="Mark D." last="Chandler">Mark D. Chandler</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:E66810CC01D56D37ADD69AC10F0C45C7EA9EFDA0</idno><date when="1998" year="1998">1998</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70827-5</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/E66810CC01D56D37ADD69AC10F0C45C7EA9EFDA0/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001561</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001561</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Genetic Identity, Phylogeography, and Systematics of Ruffe Gymnocephalus in the North American Great Lakes and Eurasia</title><author><name sortKey="Stepien, Carol A" sort="Stepien, Carol A" uniqKey="Stepien C" first="Carol A." last="Stepien">Carol A. Stepien</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: cas20@po.cwru.edu</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dillon, Alison K" sort="Dillon, Alison K" uniqKey="Dillon A" first="Alison K." last="Dillon">Alison K. Dillon</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chandler, Mark D" sort="Chandler, Mark D" uniqKey="Chandler M" first="Mark D." last="Chandler">Mark D. Chandler</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Great Lakes Research</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">JGLR</title><idno type="ISSN">0380-1330</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1998">1998</date><biblScope unit="volume">24</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="361">361</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="378">378</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0380-1330</idno></series><idno type="istex">E66810CC01D56D37ADD69AC10F0C45C7EA9EFDA0</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70827-5</idno><idno type="PII">S0380-1330(98)70827-5</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0380-1330</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Eurasia</term><term>Great Lakes</term><term>Gymnocephalus</term><term>Percidae</term><term>Ruffe</term><term>exotic species</term><term>founder effect</term><term>genetics</term><term>source regions</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The objectives of this study were to determine possible source regions for the newly invasive ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (Percidae: Teleostei), and to compare its level of genetic variability and divergence with Eurasian populations and congeners. Sequencing the entire mitochondrial DNA control region (1,024 base pairs) showed that G. baloni and G. schraetser were distinguished by six and seven fixed sequence substitutions, respectively, and were estimated to have diverged from G. cernuus by about 1.2 million years. Five Eurasian haplotypes of G. cernuus were identified, each distinguished by fixed sequence substitutions, and only one in trapopulational polymorphism was discerned. The five haplotypes of G. cernuus were divided into two primary groupsa western (Danube River and the introduced Bassenthwaite Lake, England populations) and an eastern (Baltic Sea area and Ob River, Siberia populations) groupdiverged by seven fixed sequence differences and an estimated 450,000 years. The two groups were probably isolated in different glacial refugia during the mid-Pleistocene Epoch. The population from the Danube River appeared genetically identical to the North American exotic population. The exotic population from Bassenthwaite Lake was distinguished from the Danube River/North American type by a fixed base substitution. Within the eastern group, the Baltic Sea area samples were separable from the Siberia population by a fixed substitution, repeated 17 times. Lack of genetic variability in most Eurasian populations of ruffe may be due to rapid expansion and founder events during post-Pleistocene recolonization.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Carol A. Stepien</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080</json:string><json:string>E-mail: cas20@po.cwru.edu</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Alison K. Dillon</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Mark D. Chandler</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Ruffe</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Gymnocephalus</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Percidae</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>genetics</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>founder effect</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Eurasia</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Great Lakes</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>exotic species</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>source regions</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The objectives of this study were to determine possible source regions for the newly invasive ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (Percidae: Teleostei), and to compare its level of genetic variability and divergence with Eurasian populations and congeners. Sequencing the entire mitochondrial DNA control region (1,024 base pairs) showed that G. baloni and G. schraetser were distinguished by six and seven fixed sequence substitutions, respectively, and were estimated to have diverged from G. cernuus by about 1.2 million years. Five Eurasian haplotypes of G. cernuus were identified, each distinguished by fixed sequence substitutions, and only one in trapopulational polymorphism was discerned. The five haplotypes of G. cernuus were divided into two primary groupsa western (Danube River and the introduced Bassenthwaite Lake, England populations) and an eastern (Baltic Sea area and Ob River, Siberia populations) groupdiverged by seven fixed sequence differences and an estimated 450,000 years. The two groups were probably isolated in different glacial refugia during the mid-Pleistocene Epoch. The population from the Danube River appeared genetically identical to the North American exotic population. The exotic population from Bassenthwaite Lake was distinguished from the Danube River/North American type by a fixed base substitution. Within the eastern group, the Baltic Sea area samples were separable from the Siberia population by a fixed substitution, repeated 17 times. Lack of genetic variability in most Eurasian populations of ruffe may be due to rapid expansion and founder events during post-Pleistocene recolonization.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.308</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>576 x 773.28 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>9</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1635</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>9553</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>58948</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>18</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>234</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Genetic Identity, Phylogeography, and Systematics of Ruffe Gymnocephalus in the North American Great Lakes and Eurasia</title><pii><json:string>S0380-1330(98)70827-5</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>24</volume><pii><json:string>S0380-1330(98)X7048-6</json:string></pii><pages><last>378</last><first>361</first></pages><issn><json:string>0380-1330</json:string></issn><issue>2</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Journal of Great Lakes Research</title><publicationDate>1998</publicationDate></host><publicationDate>1998</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1998</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70827-5</json:string></doi><id>E66810CC01D56D37ADD69AC10F0C45C7EA9EFDA0</id><score>0.019228373</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/E66810CC01D56D37ADD69AC10F0C45C7EA9EFDA0/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/E66810CC01D56D37ADD69AC10F0C45C7EA9EFDA0/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/E66810CC01D56D37ADD69AC10F0C45C7EA9EFDA0/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Genetic Identity, Phylogeography, and Systematics of Ruffe Gymnocephalus in the North American Great Lakes and Eurasia</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>©1998 International Association for Great Lakes Research</p></availability><date>1998</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Genetic Identity, Phylogeography, and Systematics of Ruffe Gymnocephalus in the North American Great Lakes and Eurasia</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Carol A.</forename><surname>Stepien</surname></persName><email>cas20@po.cwru.edu</email><note type="correspondence"><p>Corresponding author : (address all reprint requests to Ohio Sea Grant College Program reprints, The Ohio State University, 1314 Kinnear Road, Columbus Ohio 43212-1194).</p></note><affiliation>Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Alison K.</forename><surname>Dillon</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Mark D.</forename><surname>Chandler</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Great Lakes Research</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">JGLR</title><idno type="pISSN">0380-1330</idno><idno type="PII">S0380-1330(98)X7048-6</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1998"></date><biblScope unit="volume">24</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="361">361</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="378">378</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">E66810CC01D56D37ADD69AC10F0C45C7EA9EFDA0</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70827-5</idno><idno type="PII">S0380-1330(98)70827-5</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1998</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The objectives of this study were to determine possible source regions for the newly invasive ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (Percidae: Teleostei), and to compare its level of genetic variability and divergence with Eurasian populations and congeners. Sequencing the entire mitochondrial DNA control region (1,024 base pairs) showed that G. baloni and G. schraetser were distinguished by six and seven fixed sequence substitutions, respectively, and were estimated to have diverged from G. cernuus by about 1.2 million years. Five Eurasian haplotypes of G. cernuus were identified, each distinguished by fixed sequence substitutions, and only one in trapopulational polymorphism was discerned. The five haplotypes of G. cernuus were divided into two primary groupsa western (Danube River and the introduced Bassenthwaite Lake, England populations) and an eastern (Baltic Sea area and Ob River, Siberia populations) groupdiverged by seven fixed sequence differences and an estimated 450,000 years. The two groups were probably isolated in different glacial refugia during the mid-Pleistocene Epoch. The population from the Danube River appeared genetically identical to the North American exotic population. The exotic population from Bassenthwaite Lake was distinguished from the Danube River/North American type by a fixed base substitution. Within the eastern group, the Baltic Sea area samples were separable from the Siberia population by a fixed substitution, repeated 17 times. Lack of genetic variability in most Eurasian populations of ruffe may be due to rapid expansion and founder events during post-Pleistocene recolonization.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Index words</head><item><term>Ruffe</term></item><item><term>Gymnocephalus</term></item><item><term>Percidae</term></item><item><term>genetics</term></item><item><term>founder effect</term></item><item><term>Eurasia</term></item><item><term>Great Lakes</term></item><item><term>exotic species</term></item><item><term>source regions</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1998">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/E66810CC01D56D37ADD69AC10F0C45C7EA9EFDA0/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier doc found" wicri:toSee="Elsevier, no converted or simple article"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 5.0.2//EN//XML" URI="art502.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article version="5.0" xml:lang="en" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>JGLR</jid><aid>70827</aid><ce:pii>S0380-1330(98)70827-5</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70827-5</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="society" year="1998">International Association for Great Lakes Research</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Genetic Identity, Phylogeography, and Systematics of Ruffe <ce:italic>Gymnocephalus</ce:italic> in the North American Great Lakes and Eurasia</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Carol A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Stepien</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="cor1"><ce:sup>⁎</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address type="email">cas20@po.cwru.edu</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Alison K.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Dillon</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Mark D.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Chandler</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:affiliation><ce:textfn>Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="cor1"><ce:label>⁎</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author : (address all reprint requests to Ohio Sea Grant College Program reprints, The Ohio State University, 1314 Kinnear Road, Columbus Ohio 43212-1194).</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="30" month="4" year="1997"></ce:date-received><ce:date-accepted day="30" month="12" year="1997"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>The objectives of this study were to determine possible source regions for the newly invasive ruffe <ce:italic>Gymnocephalus cernuus</ce:italic> (Percidae: Teleostei), and to compare its level of genetic variability and divergence with Eurasian populations and congeners. Sequencing the entire mitochondrial DNA control region (1,024 base pairs) showed that <ce:italic>G. baloni</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>G. schraetser</ce:italic> were distinguished by six and seven fixed sequence substitutions, respectively, and were estimated to have diverged from <ce:italic>G. cernuus</ce:italic> by about 1.2 million years. Five Eurasian haplotypes of <ce:italic>G. cernuus</ce:italic> were identified, each distinguished by fixed sequence substitutions, and only one in trapopulational polymorphism was discerned. The five haplotypes of <ce:italic>G. cernuus</ce:italic> were divided into two primary groups—a western (Danube River and the introduced Bassenthwaite Lake, England populations) and an eastern (Baltic Sea area and Ob’ River, Siberia populations) group—diverged by seven fixed sequence differences and an estimated 450,000 years. The two groups were probably isolated in different glacial refugia during the mid-Pleistocene Epoch. The population from the Danube River appeared genetically identical to the North American exotic population. The exotic population from Bassenthwaite Lake was distinguished from the Danube River/North American type by a fixed base substitution. Within the eastern group, the Baltic Sea area samples were separable from the Siberia population by a fixed substitution, repeated 17 times. Lack of genetic variability in most Eurasian populations of ruffe may be due to rapid expansion and founder events during post-Pleistocene recolonization.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword"><ce:section-title>Index words</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Ruffe</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text><ce:italic>Gymnocephalus</ce:italic></ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Percidae</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>genetics</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>founder effect</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Eurasia</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Great Lakes</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>exotic species</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>source regions</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head><tail><ce:bibliography><ce:section-title>References</ce:section-title><ce:bibliography-sec><ce:bib-reference id="bib1"><ce:label>Arnason and Rand, 1992</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>E.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Arnason</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>D.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Rand</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Heteroplasmy of short tandem repeats in mitochondrial DNA of Atlantic cod, <ce:italic>Gadus morhua</ce:italic></sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Genetics</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>132</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1992</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>211</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>220</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib2"><ce:label>Avise, 1994</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.C.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Avise</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:book><sb:date>1994</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>Chapman and Hall Inc.</sb:name><sb:location>New York, New York</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:book></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib3"><ce:label>Bentzen et al., 1988</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Bentzen</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>W.C.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Leggett</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>G.G.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Brown</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Length and restriction site heteroplasmy in the mitochondrial DNA of American shad (<ce:italic>Alosa sapidissima</ce:italic>)</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Genetics</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>118</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1988</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>509</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>518</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib4"><ce:label>Bernatchez, 1995</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>L.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Bernatchez</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>A role for molecular systematics in defining evolutionarily significant units in fishes</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:given-name>J.L.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Nielsen</ce:surname></sb:editor></sb:editors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Evolution and the aquatic ecosystem: defining unique units in population conservation</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1995</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>American Fisheries Society Symposium 17</sb:name><sb:location>Bethesda, MD</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>114</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>132</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib5"><ce:label>Bernatchez and osinov, 1995</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>L.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Bernatchez</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Osinov</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Genetic diversity of trout (genus <ce:italic>Salmo</ce:italic>) from its most eastern native range based on mitochondrial DNA and nuclear gene variation</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mol. Ecol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>4</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1995</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>285</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>297</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib6"><ce:label>Billington et al., 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>N.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Billington</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>P.D.N.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Herbert</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>R.D.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Ward</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Allozyme and mitochondrial DNA variation among three species of <ce:italic>Stizostedion</ce:italic> (Percidae): phylogenetic and zoogeographical implications</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>47</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1093</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>1102</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib7"><ce:label>Broughton and Dowling, 1994</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>R.E.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Broughton</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>T.E.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Dowling</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Length variation in the mitochondrial DNA of the minnow <ce:italic>Cyprinella spiloptera</ce:italic></sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Genetics</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>138</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1994</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>179</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>190</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib8"><ce:label>Brown et al., 1996</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.R.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Brown</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>K.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Beckenbach</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>A.T.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Beckenbach</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>M.J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Smith</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Length variation, heteroplasmy and sequence divergence in the mitochondrial DNA of four species of sturgeon (<ce:italic>Acipenser</ce:italic>)</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Genetics</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>142</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1996</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>525</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>535</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib9"><ce:label>Busiahn, 1997</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>T.R.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Busiahn</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Ruffe control: A case study of an aquatic nuisance species control program</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:given-name>F.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>D’Itri</ce:surname></sb:editor></sb:editors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Zebra mussels and aquatic nuisance species</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1997</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>Ann Arbor Press</sb:name><sb:location>Ann Arbor, MI</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>69</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>86</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib10"><ce:label>Cooper et al., 1995</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>S.J.B.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Cooper</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>K.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Ibrahim</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>G.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hewitt</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Postglacial expansion and genome subdivision in the European grasshopper <ce:italic>Chorthippus parallelus</ce:italic></sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mol. Ecol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>4</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1995</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>49</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>60</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib11"><ce:label>Doda et al., 1981</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.N.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Doda</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>C.T.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Wright</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Clayton</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Elongation of displacement–loop strands in human and mouse mitochondrial DNA is arrested near specific template sequences</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>78</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1981</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>6116</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>6120</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib12"><ce:label>Dover, 1982</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>G.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Dover</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Molecular drive: a cohesive mode of species evolution</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Nature</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>299</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:issue-nr>9</sb:issue-nr><sb:date>1982</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>111</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>116</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib13"><ce:label>Faber and Stepien, 1997</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.E.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Faber</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>C.A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Stepien</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>The utility of mitochondrial DNA control region sequences for analyzing phylogenetic relationships among populations, species, and genera of the Percidae</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:given-name>T.D.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Kocher</ce:surname></sb:editor><sb:editor><ce:given-name>C.A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Stepien</ce:surname></sb:editor></sb:editors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Molecular systematics of fishes</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1997</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>Academic Press</sb:name><sb:location>San Diego, CA</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>129</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>143</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib14"><ce:label>Faber and Stepien, 1998</ce:label><ce:other-ref><ce:textref>Faber, J. E., and Stepien, C. A. 1998. Tandemly repeated sequences in the mitochondrial DNA control region and phylogeography of the pike-perches S<ce:italic>tizostedion. Mol. Phyl. and Evol</ce:italic>. In Press.</ce:textref></ce:other-ref></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib15"><ce:label>Fumagalli et al., 1996</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>L.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Fumagalli</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Taberlet</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>L.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Favre</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hausser</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Origin and evolution of homologous repeated sequences in the mitochondrial DNA control region of shrews</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mol. Biol. Evol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>13</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1996</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>31</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>46</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib16"><ce:label>Gharrett and Thomason, 1987</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>A.J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Gharrett</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>M.A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Thomason</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Genetic changes in pink salmon (<ce:italic>Oncorhynchus gorbuscha</ce:italic>) following their introduction into the Great Lakes</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>44</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1987</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>787</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>792</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib17"><ce:label>Gray, 1986</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>A.J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Gray</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Do invading species have definable genetic characteristics?</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>314</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1986</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>655</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>674</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib18"><ce:label>Hewitt, 1996</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>G.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hewitt</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Some genetic consequences of Ice Ages, and their role in divergence and speciation</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Biol. J. Linn. Soc, Lond.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>58</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1996</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>247</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>327</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib19"><ce:label>Hillis and Huelsenbeck, 1992</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>D.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hillis</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.P.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Huelsenbeck</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Signal, noise, and reliability in molecular phylogenetic analyses</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Hered.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>8</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1992</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>189</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>195</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib20"><ce:label>Hillis et al., 1996</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>D.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hillis</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>B.K.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Mable</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Larson</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>S.K.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Davis</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>E.A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Zimmer</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Nucleic Acids IV: Sequencing and cloning</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:given-name>D.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hillis</ce:surname></sb:editor><sb:editor><ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Moritz</ce:surname></sb:editor><sb:editor><ce:given-name>B.K.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Mable</ce:surname></sb:editor></sb:editors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Molecular Systematics, Second Edition</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1996</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>Sinauer Associates, Inc.</sb:name><sb:location>Sunderland, MA</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>321</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>381</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib21"><ce:label>Holčík and Hensel, 1974</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Holčík</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>K.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hensel</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>A new species of <ce:italic>Gymnocephalus</ce:italic> from the Danube, with remarks on the genus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Copeia</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:series><sb:date>1974</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>471</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>486</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib22"><ce:label>Holčík and Bastl, 1976</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>J</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Holčík</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>I.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Bastl</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Ecological effects of the water level fluctuation upon the fish populations in the Danube river floodplain in Czechoslovakia</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Acta. Sc. Nat. Brno.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>10</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1976</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>46</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib23"><ce:label>Holčík and Jedlička, 1994</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Holčík</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>L.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Jedlička</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Geographical variation of some taxonomically important characters in fishes: the case of bitterling <ce:italic>Rhodeus sericeus</ce:italic></sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Env. Biol. Fishes</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>41</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1994</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>147</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>170</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib24"><ce:label>Hubbs, 1922</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>C.L.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hubbs</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Variation in the number of vertebrae and other meristic characters of fishes correlated with temperature of water during development</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Amer. Nat.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>56</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1922</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>360</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>372</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib25"><ce:label>Ihssen et al., 1992</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>P.E.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Ihssen</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>G.W.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Martin</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>D.W.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Rodgers</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Allozyme variation of Great Lakes alewife, <ce:italic>Alosa pseudoharengus</ce:italic>: genetic differentiation and affinities of a recent invader</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>49</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1992</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1770</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>1776</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib26"><ce:label>Kocher et al., 1989</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>T.D.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Kocher</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>W.K.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Thomas</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Meyer</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>S.V.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Edwards</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Paabo</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>F.X.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Villablanca</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>A.C.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Wilson</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals: amplification and sequencing with conserved primers</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>86</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1989</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>6196</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>6200</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib27"><ce:label>Kottelat, 1997</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Kottelat</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>European freshwater fishes</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Biologia, Bratislava.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>52</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:issue-nr>Suppl 5</sb:issue-nr><sb:date>1997</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>271</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib28"><ce:label>Kumar et al., 1993</ce:label><ce:other-ref><ce:textref>Kumar, S., Tamura, K., and Nei, M. 1993. <ce:italic>MEGA, Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis.Ver. 1.01</ce:italic>. Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University.</ce:textref></ce:other-ref></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib29"><ce:label>Lee et al., 1995</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>W.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Lee</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Conroy</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>W.H.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Howell</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>T.D.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Kocher</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Structure and evolution of teleost mitochondrial control regions</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Mol. Evol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>41</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1995</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>54</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>66</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib30"><ce:label>Lindberg, 1972</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>G.U.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Lindberg</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Krupnye kolebaniya okeana v chetvertichnyi period (Great fluctuations of the ocean in the Quaternary)</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:book><sb:date>1972</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>Nauka</sb:name><sb:location>Moscow, Russia</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:book></sb:host><sb:comment>(In Russian)</sb:comment></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib31"><ce:label>Maitland and East, 1989</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>P.S.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Maitland</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>K.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>East</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>An increase in numbers of ruffe, <ce:italic>Gymnocephalus cernua</ce:italic>, in a Scottish loch from 1982 to 1987</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Aquacul. Fish. Man.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>20</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1989</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>227</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>228</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib32"><ce:label>Marsden et al., 1996</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.E.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Marsden</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>A.P.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Spidle</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>B.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>May</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Review of genetic studies of <ce:italic>Dreissena</ce:italic> spp</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Amer. Zool.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>36</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1996</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>259</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>270</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib33"><ce:label>Meyer et al., 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Meyer</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>T.D.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Kocher</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Basatbwaki</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>A.C.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Wilson</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Monophyletic origin of Lake Victoria cichlid fishes suggested by mitochondrial DNA sequences</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Nature</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>347</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>550</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>553</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib34"><ce:label>Mullis and Faloona, 1987</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>D.B.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Mullis</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>F.A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Faloona</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase–catalyzed chain reaction</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Methods in Enzymology</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>155</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1987</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>335</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>350</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib35"><ce:label>Nei et al., 1975</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Nei</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>T.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Maruyama</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>R.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Chakraborty</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>The bottleneck effect and genetic variability in populations</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Evolution</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>29</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1975</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>10</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib36"><ce:label>Nei et al., 1985</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Nei</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.C</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Stephens</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>N.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Saitou</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Methods for computing the standard errors of branching points in an evolutionary tree and their application to molecular data from humans and apes</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mol. Biol. Evol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>2</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1985</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>66</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>85</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib37"><ce:label>Nevo, 1983</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>E.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Nevo</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Adaptive significance of protein variation</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:given-name>G.S.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Oxford</ce:surname></sb:editor><sb:editor><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Rollinson</ce:surname></sb:editor></sb:editors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Protein polymorphism: adaptive and taxonomic significance</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1983</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>Academic Press</sb:name><sb:location>New York, NY</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>239</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>282</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib38"><ce:label>Nielsen et al., 1997</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.L.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Nielsen</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>M.C</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Fountain</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Wright</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Biogeographic analysis of Pacific trout (<ce:italic>Oncorhynchus mykiss</ce:italic>) in California and Mexico based on mitochondrial DNA and nuclear microsatel-lites</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:given-name>T.D.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Kocher</ce:surname></sb:editor><sb:editor><ce:given-name>C.A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Stepien</ce:surname></sb:editor></sb:editors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Molecular systematics of fishes</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1997</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>Academic Press</sb:name><sb:location>San Diego, CA</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>53</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>74</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib39"><ce:label>Ogle, 1995</ce:label><ce:other-ref><ce:textref>Ogle, D. H. 1995. <ce:italic>Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus): a review of published literature</ce:italic>. Administrative Report No.38. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Bureau of Fisheries Management, Madison, WI.</ce:textref></ce:other-ref></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib40"><ce:label>Ogle et al., 1995</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>D.H.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Ogle</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.H.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Selgeby</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>R.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Newman</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>M.G.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Henry</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Diet and feeding periodicity of ruffe in the St. Louis River Estuary, Lake Superior</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>124</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1995</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>356</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>369</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib41"><ce:label>Palumbi, 1996</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>S.R.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Palumbi</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Nucleic acids II: The polymerase chain reaction</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:given-name>D.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hillis</ce:surname></sb:editor><sb:editor><ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Moritz</ce:surname></sb:editor><sb:editor><ce:given-name>B.K.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Mable</ce:surname></sb:editor></sb:editors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Molecular systematics, second edition</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1996</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>Sinauer Associates Inc.</sb:name><sb:location>Sunderland, MA</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>205</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>221</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib42"><ce:label>Pratt et al., 1992</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>D.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Pratt</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>W.H.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Blust</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.H.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Selgeby</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Ruffe <ce:italic>Gymnocephalus cernuus</ce:italic>: newly introduced in North America</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>49</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1992</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1616</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>1618</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib43"><ce:label>Ráb et al., 1987</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Ráb</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Roth</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>B.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Mayr</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Karyotype study of eight species of European percid fishes (Pisces Perci-dae)</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Caryologia</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>40</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1987</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>307</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>318</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib44"><ce:label>Saitou and Nei, 1987</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>N.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Saitou</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Nei</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>The neighbor joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mol. Biol. Evol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>4</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1987</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>406</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>425</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib45"><ce:label>Shevtsova et al., 1986</ce:label><ce:other-ref><ce:textref>Shevtsova, T. M., Kunitskii, D. F., Ryhevskii, V. K., Serov, N. G., and Pluta, M. V. 1986. <ce:italic>Gymnocepahlus baloni</ce:italic>\novyi vid ikhtiofauny USSR (<ce:italic>Gymnocepahalus baloni</ce:italic>- new species of fish of the USSR fish fauna). <ce:italic>Doklady Adakdemii Nauk Belorusskoi SSR</ce:italic> 30:954-955(in Russian).</ce:textref></ce:other-ref></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib46"><ce:label>Simon and Vondruska, 1991</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>T.P.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Simon</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.T.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Vondruska</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Larval identification of the ruffe, <ce:italic>Gymnocephalus Cernuus</ce:italic> (Linnaeus) (Percidae: Percini), in the St. Louis River estuary, Lake Superior drainage basin Minnesota</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Can. J. Zool.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>69</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>436</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>441</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib47"><ce:label>Šlechtová and Slechtá, 1995</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>V.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Šlechtová</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>V.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Slechtá</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Gymnocephalus baloni—species validity and position within the genus <ce:italic>Gymnocephalus</ce:italic> (Pisces, Percidae) Evidence from lactate dehydrogenase isozyme patterns</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Acta Univer-sitatis Carolinae Biologica</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>39</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1995</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>243</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>250</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib48"><ce:label>Sokal and Rohlf, 1981</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>R.R.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Sokal</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>F.J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Rohlf</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Biometry</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:book><sb:date>1981</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>W. H. Freeman and Co.</sb:name><sb:location>San Francisco, California</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:book></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib49"><ce:label>Stepien, 1995</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>C.A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Stepien</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Population genetic divergence and geographic patterns from DNA sequences: examples from marine and freshwater fishes</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:given-name>J.L.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Nielsen</ce:surname></sb:editor></sb:editors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Evolution and the aquatic ecosystem: defining unique units in population conservation</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1995</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>American Fisheries Society Symposium 17</sb:name><sb:location>Bethesda, MD</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>263</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>287</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib50"><ce:label>Stepien and Kocher, 1997</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>C.A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Stepien</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>T.D.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Kocher</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Molecules and morphology in studies of fish evolution</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:given-name>T.D.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Kocher</ce:surname></sb:editor><sb:editor><ce:given-name>C.A.S.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Stepien</ce:surname></sb:editor></sb:editors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Molecular evolution of fishes</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1997</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>Academic Press</sb:name><sb:location>San Diego, CA</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>11</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib51"><ce:label>Sturmbaer and Meyer, 1992</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>C</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Sturmbauer</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Meyer</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Genetic divergence, speciation and morphological stasis in a lineage of African cichlid fishes</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Nature</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>58</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1992</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>578</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>581</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib52"><ce:label>Swofford, 1997</ce:label><ce:other-ref><ce:textref>Swofford, D. L. 1997. PAUP <ce:italic>(Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony) 4.0*</ce:italic>, Test Version O. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Assoc, Inc</ce:textref></ce:other-ref></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib53"><ce:label>Swofford et al., 1996</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>D.L.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Swofford</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>G.J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Olsen</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>P.J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Waddell</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>D.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hillis</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Phylogenetic inference</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:given-name>D.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hillis</ce:surname></sb:editor><sb:editor><ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Moritz</ce:surname></sb:editor><sb:editor><ce:given-name>B.K.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Mable</ce:surname></sb:editor></sb:editors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>IMolecular systematics, second</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1996</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>Sinauer Assoc, Inc.</sb:name><sb:location>Sunderland MA</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>407</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>514</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib54"><ce:label>Turner, 1997</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>T.F.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Turner</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mitochondrial control region sequences and phylogenetic systematics of darters (Teleostei: Percidae)</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Copeia 1997</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:series><sb:date>1997</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>319</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>338</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib55"><ce:label>Vladykov, 1931</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>V.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Vladykov</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Poissons de la Russie Sous–Carpathique (Tchecoslovaquie)</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mem. Soc. Zool. France</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>29</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1931</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>217</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>374</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib56"><ce:label>Wallis and Beardmore, 1984</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>G.P.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Wallis</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Beardmore</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Genetic variation and environmental heterogeneity in some closely related goby species</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Genetica</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>62</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1984</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>223</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>237</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib57"><ce:label>Weider, 1991</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>L.J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Weider</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Allozymic variation in <ce:italic>Bythotrephes cederstroemi</ce:italic>: a recent invader of the Great Lakes</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Great Lakes Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>17</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>141</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>143</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib58"><ce:label>Wilkinson and Chapman, 1991</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>G.S.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Wilkinson</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>A.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Chapman</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Length andsequence variation in evening bat D-loop mtDNA</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Genetics</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>128</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>607</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>617</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib59"><ce:label>Williamson, 1996</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Williamson</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Biological Invasions</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:book><sb:date>1996</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>Chapman and Hall</sb:name><sb:location>New York, New York</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:book></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib60"><ce:label>Winfield et al., 1996</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>I.J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Winfield</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>C.E.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Adams</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Fletcher</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Recent introductions of the ruffe (<ce:italic>Gymnocephalus cernuus</ce:italic>) to three United Kingdom lakes containing <ce:italic>Coregonus species</ce:italic></sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Ann. Zool. Fennici</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>33</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1996</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>9</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>16</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib61"><ce:label>Wright et al., 1985</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Wright</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>C.C.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Krueger</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>P.F.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Brassard</ce:surname></sb:author><sb:author><ce:given-name>M.C.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hall</ce:surname></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sea lamprey (<ce:italic>Petromyzon marinus</ce:italic>) populations in northeastern North America: genetic differentiation and affinities</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Can. J. Aquat. Fish. Sci.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>42</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1985</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>776</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>784</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference></ce:bibliography-sec></ce:bibliography></tail></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Genetic Identity, Phylogeography, and Systematics of Ruffe Gymnocephalus in the North American Great Lakes and Eurasia</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Genetic Identity, Phylogeography, and Systematics of Ruffe</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Carol A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Stepien</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: cas20@po.cwru.edu</affiliation><description>Corresponding author : (address all reprint requests to Ohio Sea Grant College Program reprints, The Ohio State University, 1314 Kinnear Road, Columbus Ohio 43212-1194).</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alison K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dillon</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mark D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chandler</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1998</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1998</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The objectives of this study were to determine possible source regions for the newly invasive ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (Percidae: Teleostei), and to compare its level of genetic variability and divergence with Eurasian populations and congeners. Sequencing the entire mitochondrial DNA control region (1,024 base pairs) showed that G. baloni and G. schraetser were distinguished by six and seven fixed sequence substitutions, respectively, and were estimated to have diverged from G. cernuus by about 1.2 million years. Five Eurasian haplotypes of G. cernuus were identified, each distinguished by fixed sequence substitutions, and only one in trapopulational polymorphism was discerned. The five haplotypes of G. cernuus were divided into two primary groupsa western (Danube River and the introduced Bassenthwaite Lake, England populations) and an eastern (Baltic Sea area and Ob River, Siberia populations) groupdiverged by seven fixed sequence differences and an estimated 450,000 years. The two groups were probably isolated in different glacial refugia during the mid-Pleistocene Epoch. The population from the Danube River appeared genetically identical to the North American exotic population. The exotic population from Bassenthwaite Lake was distinguished from the Danube River/North American type by a fixed base substitution. Within the eastern group, the Baltic Sea area samples were separable from the Siberia population by a fixed substitution, repeated 17 times. Lack of genetic variability in most Eurasian populations of ruffe may be due to rapid expansion and founder events during post-Pleistocene recolonization.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>Index words</genre><topic>Ruffe</topic><topic>Gymnocephalus</topic><topic>Percidae</topic><topic>genetics</topic><topic>founder effect</topic><topic>Eurasia</topic><topic>Great Lakes</topic><topic>exotic species</topic><topic>source regions</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Great Lakes Research</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>JGLR</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1998</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0380-1330</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0380-1330(98)X7048-6</identifier><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><number>24</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>2</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>163</start><end>483</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>361</start><end>378</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">E66810CC01D56D37ADD69AC10F0C45C7EA9EFDA0</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70827-5</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0380-1330(98)70827-5</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©1998 International Association for Great Lakes Research</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>International Association for Great Lakes Research, ©1998</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Eau/explor/EsturgeonV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001561 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 001561 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Eau
|area= EsturgeonV1
|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:E66810CC01D56D37ADD69AC10F0C45C7EA9EFDA0
|texte= Genetic Identity, Phylogeography, and Systematics of Ruffe Gymnocephalus in the North American Great Lakes and Eurasia
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.27. |  |