Permanent electric polarization of the meninges of man
Identifieur interne : 001519 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001518; suivant : 001520Permanent electric polarization of the meninges of man
Auteurs : Herbert AthenstaedtSource :
- Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie [ 0044-3794 ] ; 1969-06-01.
Abstract
Summary: Two directions of permanent electric polarization are demonstrable in the human meninges; they can be clearly distinguished by appropriate measurements. The first direction of polarization runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the collagen fibrils in these structures and is particularly marked in the meninges of the spinal cord. The spinal dura mater, the spinal arachnoidea and the spinal pia mater are characterized by having a longitudinal polarization whose direction is identical in the three meninges, and which continues uninterrupted from the cranial starting point of these structures to their caudal end point. The direction of longitudinal polarization in the sheaths of the human spinal cord corresponds to that found in lower vertebrates (Petromyzon, Acipenser) and is probably a uniform feature of all Vertebrata. The direction of longitudinal electric polarization in the human spinal dura mater has its direct continuation, without any directional changes, in the longitudinal polarization of the epineurium of the sacral plexus, the N. ischiadicus, and then the N. tibialis and the N. fibularis communis. The meninges exhibit their second direction of polarization between the external and the internal surfaces, i.e. at right angles to the course of the collagen fibrils. An attempt was made to elucidate the principle underlying this direction of polarization. For this purpose, we also carried out comparative studies on aponeuroses (Bos taurus) and the swimming-bladder capsule of carp. On the basis of X-ray diffraction patterns and the anisotropy established in swelling experiments, it is assumed that a preferred electric direction is in the ultrastructure of the collagen fibrils at right angles to their longitudinal axis. It is further assumed that in the morphogenesis of collagen, the fibrils of certain tissue structures are aligned in such a way that the longitudinal as well as the transverse fibril axes are arranged in a parallel pattern. In this way the two electrical axes of the supportive protein, collagen, are directly interrelated with the morphological axes (e.g. cranial/caudal, dorsal/ventral or outward/inward) in the body of organisms. The relationship possibly existing between permanent electric outside-inside polarization and selective permeability (“diffusion barrier”) in these structures is discussed briefly.
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DOI: 10.1007/BF00338332
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Permanent electric polarization of the meninges of man</title><author><name sortKey="Athenstaedt, Herbert" sort="Athenstaedt, Herbert" uniqKey="Athenstaedt H" first="Herbert" last="Athenstaedt">Herbert Athenstaedt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Deutschland</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Physicochemistry, Kiel University, Deutschland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:F95345E9B953CA1A205797590424C29115BFF661</idno><date when="1969" year="1969">1969</date><idno type="doi">10.1007/BF00338332</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/F95345E9B953CA1A205797590424C29115BFF661/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001519</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001519</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Permanent electric polarization of the meninges of man</title><author><name sortKey="Athenstaedt, Herbert" sort="Athenstaedt, Herbert" uniqKey="Athenstaedt H" first="Herbert" last="Athenstaedt">Herbert Athenstaedt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Deutschland</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Physicochemistry, Kiel University, Deutschland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Z. Zellforsch.</title><idno type="ISSN">0044-3794</idno><idno type="eISSN">1432-0878</idno><imprint><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Berlin/Heidelberg</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1969-06-01">1969-06-01</date><biblScope unit="volume">98</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="300">300</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="322">322</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0044-3794</idno></series><idno type="istex">F95345E9B953CA1A205797590424C29115BFF661</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/BF00338332</idno><idno type="ArticleID">BF00338332</idno><idno type="ArticleID">Art10</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0044-3794</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Summary: Two directions of permanent electric polarization are demonstrable in the human meninges; they can be clearly distinguished by appropriate measurements. The first direction of polarization runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the collagen fibrils in these structures and is particularly marked in the meninges of the spinal cord. The spinal dura mater, the spinal arachnoidea and the spinal pia mater are characterized by having a longitudinal polarization whose direction is identical in the three meninges, and which continues uninterrupted from the cranial starting point of these structures to their caudal end point. The direction of longitudinal polarization in the sheaths of the human spinal cord corresponds to that found in lower vertebrates (Petromyzon, Acipenser) and is probably a uniform feature of all Vertebrata. The direction of longitudinal electric polarization in the human spinal dura mater has its direct continuation, without any directional changes, in the longitudinal polarization of the epineurium of the sacral plexus, the N. ischiadicus, and then the N. tibialis and the N. fibularis communis. The meninges exhibit their second direction of polarization between the external and the internal surfaces, i.e. at right angles to the course of the collagen fibrils. An attempt was made to elucidate the principle underlying this direction of polarization. For this purpose, we also carried out comparative studies on aponeuroses (Bos taurus) and the swimming-bladder capsule of carp. On the basis of X-ray diffraction patterns and the anisotropy established in swelling experiments, it is assumed that a preferred electric direction is in the ultrastructure of the collagen fibrils at right angles to their longitudinal axis. It is further assumed that in the morphogenesis of collagen, the fibrils of certain tissue structures are aligned in such a way that the longitudinal as well as the transverse fibril axes are arranged in a parallel pattern. In this way the two electrical axes of the supportive protein, collagen, are directly interrelated with the morphological axes (e.g. cranial/caudal, dorsal/ventral or outward/inward) in the body of organisms. The relationship possibly existing between permanent electric outside-inside polarization and selective permeability (“diffusion barrier”) in these structures is discussed briefly.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>springer</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Herbert Athenstaedt</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Deutschland</json:string><json:string>Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Physicochemistry, Kiel University, Deutschland</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>BF00338332</json:string><json:string>Art10</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>OriginalPaper</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Summary: Two directions of permanent electric polarization are demonstrable in the human meninges; they can be clearly distinguished by appropriate measurements. The first direction of polarization runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the collagen fibrils in these structures and is particularly marked in the meninges of the spinal cord. The spinal dura mater, the spinal arachnoidea and the spinal pia mater are characterized by having a longitudinal polarization whose direction is identical in the three meninges, and which continues uninterrupted from the cranial starting point of these structures to their caudal end point. The direction of longitudinal polarization in the sheaths of the human spinal cord corresponds to that found in lower vertebrates (Petromyzon, Acipenser) and is probably a uniform feature of all Vertebrata. The direction of longitudinal electric polarization in the human spinal dura mater has its direct continuation, without any directional changes, in the longitudinal polarization of the epineurium of the sacral plexus, the N. ischiadicus, and then the N. tibialis and the N. fibularis communis. The meninges exhibit their second direction of polarization between the external and the internal surfaces, i.e. at right angles to the course of the collagen fibrils. An attempt was made to elucidate the principle underlying this direction of polarization. For this purpose, we also carried out comparative studies on aponeuroses (Bos taurus) and the swimming-bladder capsule of carp. On the basis of X-ray diffraction patterns and the anisotropy established in swelling experiments, it is assumed that a preferred electric direction is in the ultrastructure of the collagen fibrils at right angles to their longitudinal axis. It is further assumed that in the morphogenesis of collagen, the fibrils of certain tissue structures are aligned in such a way that the longitudinal as well as the transverse fibril axes are arranged in a parallel pattern. In this way the two electrical axes of the supportive protein, collagen, are directly interrelated with the morphological axes (e.g. cranial/caudal, dorsal/ventral or outward/inward) in the body of organisms. The relationship possibly existing between permanent electric outside-inside polarization and selective permeability (“diffusion barrier”) in these structures is discussed briefly.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>468 x 702 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>false</refBibsNative><keywordCount>0</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>2383</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>9655</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>51001</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>23</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>351</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Permanent electric polarization of the meninges of man</title><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>98</volume><pages><last>322</last><first>300</first></pages><issn><json:string>0044-3794</json:string></issn><issue>2</issue><subject><json:item><value>Neurosciences</value></json:item><json:item><value>Endocrinology</value></json:item><json:item><value>Neurology</value></json:item><json:item><value>Cell Biology</value></json:item></subject><journalId><json:string>441</json:string></journalId><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1432-0878</json:string></eissn><title>Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie</title><publicationDate>1969</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1969</copyrightDate></host><publicationDate>1969</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1969</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1007/BF00338332</json:string></doi><id>F95345E9B953CA1A205797590424C29115BFF661</id><score>0.06313891</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/F95345E9B953CA1A205797590424C29115BFF661/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/F95345E9B953CA1A205797590424C29115BFF661/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/F95345E9B953CA1A205797590424C29115BFF661/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Permanent electric polarization of the meninges of man</title><respStmt><resp>Références bibliographiques récupérées via GROBID</resp><name resp="ISTEX-API">ISTEX-API (INIST-CNRS)</name></respStmt><respStmt><resp>Références bibliographiques récupérées via GROBID</resp><name resp="ISTEX-API">ISTEX-API (INIST-CNRS)</name></respStmt></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Berlin/Heidelberg</pubPlace><availability><p>Springer-Verlag, 1969</p></availability><date>1969-03-11</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Permanent electric polarization of the meninges of man</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Herbert</forename><surname>Athenstaedt</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Deutschland</affiliation><affiliation>Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Physicochemistry, Kiel University, Deutschland</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Z. Zellforsch.</title><idno type="journal-ID">441</idno><idno type="pISSN">0044-3794</idno><idno type="eISSN">1432-0878</idno><idno type="issue-article-count">10</idno><idno type="volume-issue-count">4</idno><imprint><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Berlin/Heidelberg</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1969-06-01"></date><biblScope unit="volume">98</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="300">300</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="322">322</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">F95345E9B953CA1A205797590424C29115BFF661</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/BF00338332</idno><idno type="ArticleID">BF00338332</idno><idno type="ArticleID">Art10</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1969-03-11</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Summary: Two directions of permanent electric polarization are demonstrable in the human meninges; they can be clearly distinguished by appropriate measurements. The first direction of polarization runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the collagen fibrils in these structures and is particularly marked in the meninges of the spinal cord. The spinal dura mater, the spinal arachnoidea and the spinal pia mater are characterized by having a longitudinal polarization whose direction is identical in the three meninges, and which continues uninterrupted from the cranial starting point of these structures to their caudal end point. The direction of longitudinal polarization in the sheaths of the human spinal cord corresponds to that found in lower vertebrates (Petromyzon, Acipenser) and is probably a uniform feature of all Vertebrata. The direction of longitudinal electric polarization in the human spinal dura mater has its direct continuation, without any directional changes, in the longitudinal polarization of the epineurium of the sacral plexus, the N. ischiadicus, and then the N. tibialis and the N. fibularis communis. The meninges exhibit their second direction of polarization between the external and the internal surfaces, i.e. at right angles to the course of the collagen fibrils. An attempt was made to elucidate the principle underlying this direction of polarization. For this purpose, we also carried out comparative studies on aponeuroses (Bos taurus) and the swimming-bladder capsule of carp. On the basis of X-ray diffraction patterns and the anisotropy established in swelling experiments, it is assumed that a preferred electric direction is in the ultrastructure of the collagen fibrils at right angles to their longitudinal axis. It is further assumed that in the morphogenesis of collagen, the fibrils of certain tissue structures are aligned in such a way that the longitudinal as well as the transverse fibril axes are arranged in a parallel pattern. In this way the two electrical axes of the supportive protein, collagen, are directly interrelated with the morphological axes (e.g. cranial/caudal, dorsal/ventral or outward/inward) in the body of organisms. The relationship possibly existing between permanent electric outside-inside polarization and selective permeability (“diffusion barrier”) in these structures is discussed briefly.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="de"><p>Zusammenfassung: In den Meningen des Menschen besteht eine permanente elektrische Polarisation mit zwei, meßtechnisch klar unterscheidbaren Polarisationsrichtungen. Die eine Polarisationsrichtung, welche parallel zur Längsrichtung der Kollagenfibrillen in diesen Strukturen verläuft, tritt besonders klar in den Meningen des Rückenmarks hervor. Die spinale Dura, sowie die spinale Arachnoidea und Pia weisen eine Längspolarisation auf, deren Richtung in allen drei Häuten gleichartig verläuft und vom cranialen Beginn bis zum caudalen Ende dieser Strukturen kontinuierlich durchgeht. Die Richtung der Längspolarisation in den Rückenmarkshüllen des Menschen ist derjenigen bei niederen Vertebraten (Petromyzon, Acipenser) gleich und wahrscheinlich in der ganzen Vertebratenreihe einheitlich. Die Längspolarisation in den Rückenmarkshäuten des Menschen geht ohne Richtungsänderung kontinuierlich über in die Längspolarisation des Epineurium des Plexus sacralis, des N. ischiadicus und weiterhin des N. tibialis und N. fibularis communis. Die zweite elektrische Polarisationsrichtung besteht in den Meningen von ihrer Außenfläche zur Innenfläche, also senkrecht zum Verlauf der Kollagenfibrillen. Es wurde versucht, diese Polarisationsrichtung grundsätzlich aufzuklären. Hierzu wurden auch Vergleichsuntersuchungen an Sehnenblättern (Bos taurus) und an der Schwimmblasenkapsel des Karpfens durchgeführt. Auf Grund von Röntgen-Beugungsdiagrammen und einer festgestellten Quellungsanisotropie wird angenommen, daß eine elektrische Vorzugsrichtung in der Ultrastruktur der Kollagenfibrillen quer zu ihrer Längsachse besteht. Es wird weiterhin vermutet, daß bei der Morphogenese des Kollagens die Fibrillen einer bestimmten Gewebestruktur so ausgerichtet sind, daß nicht nur die elektrischen Fibrillen-Längsachsen, sondern auch die elektrischen Fibrillen-Querachsen einander parallel orientiert sind. Auf diese Weise stehen die beiden elektrischen Achsen des Strukturproteins Kollagen in direkter Beziehung zu den morphologischen Achsen (z. B. cranial/caudal, dorsal/ventral, oder auch außen/innen) im Körper der Organismen. Die möglichen Beziehungen der permanenten elektrischen Außen-Innenpolarisation zur selektiven Permeabilität („Diffusionsbarriere“) dieser Strukturen werden erwähnt.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>Biomedicine</head><item><term>Neurosciences</term></item><item><term>Endocrinology</term></item><item><term>Neurology</term></item><item><term>Cell Biology</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1969-03-11">Created</change><change when="1969-06-01">Published</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2016-11-22">References added</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2017-01-20">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/F95345E9B953CA1A205797590424C29115BFF661/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Springer, Publisher found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//Springer-Verlag//DTD A++ V2.4//EN" URI="http://devel.springer.de/A++/V2.4/DTD/A++V2.4.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><Publisher><PublisherInfo><PublisherName>Springer-Verlag</PublisherName><PublisherLocation>Berlin/Heidelberg</PublisherLocation></PublisherInfo><Journal><JournalInfo JournalProductType="ArchiveJournal" NumberingStyle="Unnumbered"><JournalID>441</JournalID><JournalPrintISSN>0044-3794</JournalPrintISSN><JournalElectronicISSN>1432-0878</JournalElectronicISSN><JournalTitle>Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie</JournalTitle><JournalAbbreviatedTitle>Z. Zellforsch.</JournalAbbreviatedTitle><JournalSubjectGroup><JournalSubject Type="Primary">Biomedicine</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Neurosciences</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Endocrinology</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Neurology</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Cell Biology</JournalSubject></JournalSubjectGroup></JournalInfo><Volume><VolumeInfo VolumeType="Regular" TocLevels="0"><VolumeIDStart>98</VolumeIDStart><VolumeIDEnd>98</VolumeIDEnd><VolumeIssueCount>4</VolumeIssueCount></VolumeInfo><Issue IssueType="Regular"><IssueInfo TocLevels="0"><IssueIDStart>2</IssueIDStart><IssueIDEnd>2</IssueIDEnd><IssueArticleCount>10</IssueArticleCount><IssueHistory><CoverDate><DateString>27. Juni 1969</DateString><Year>1969</Year><Month>6</Month></CoverDate></IssueHistory><IssueCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>1969</CopyrightYear></IssueCopyright></IssueInfo><Article ID="Art10"><ArticleInfo Language="En" ArticleType="OriginalPaper" NumberingStyle="Unnumbered" TocLevels="0" ContainsESM="No"><ArticleID>BF00338332</ArticleID><ArticleDOI>10.1007/BF00338332</ArticleDOI><ArticleSequenceNumber>10</ArticleSequenceNumber><ArticleTitle Language="En">Permanent electric polarization of the meninges of man</ArticleTitle><ArticleFirstPage>300</ArticleFirstPage><ArticleLastPage>322</ArticleLastPage><ArticleHistory><RegistrationDate><Year>2004</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>30</Day></RegistrationDate><Received><Year>1969</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>11</Day></Received></ArticleHistory><ArticleCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>1969</CopyrightYear></ArticleCopyright><ArticleGrants Type="Regular"><MetadataGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></MetadataGrant><AbstractGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></AbstractGrant><BodyPDFGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyPDFGrant><BodyHTMLGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyHTMLGrant><BibliographyGrant Grant="Restricted"></BibliographyGrant><ESMGrant Grant="Restricted"></ESMGrant></ArticleGrants><ArticleContext><JournalID>441</JournalID><VolumeIDStart>98</VolumeIDStart><VolumeIDEnd>98</VolumeIDEnd><IssueIDStart>2</IssueIDStart><IssueIDEnd>2</IssueIDEnd></ArticleContext></ArticleInfo><ArticleHeader><AuthorGroup><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1 Aff2"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Herbert</GivenName><FamilyName>Athenstaedt</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff1"><OrgDivision>Institute of Anatomy</OrgDivision><OrgName>Kiel University</OrgName><OrgAddress><Country>Deutschland</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff2"><OrgDivision>Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Physicochemistry</OrgDivision><OrgName>Kiel University</OrgName><OrgAddress><Country>Deutschland</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1" Language="En"><Heading>Summary</Heading><Para>Two directions of permanent electric polarization are demonstrable in the human meninges; they can be clearly distinguished by appropriate measurements.</Para><Para>The first direction of polarization runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the collagen fibrils in these structures and is particularly marked in the meninges of the spinal cord. The spinal dura mater, the spinal arachnoidea and the spinal pia mater are characterized by having a longitudinal polarization whose direction is identical in the three meninges, and which continues uninterrupted from the cranial starting point of these structures to their caudal end point. The direction of longitudinal polarization in the sheaths of the human spinal cord corresponds to that found in lower vertebrates (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Petromyzon, Acipenser</Emphasis>) and is probably a uniform feature of all Vertebrata. The direction of longitudinal electric polarization in the human spinal dura mater has its direct continuation, without any directional changes, in the longitudinal polarization of the epineurium of the sacral plexus, the N. ischiadicus, and then the N. tibialis and the N. fibularis communis.</Para><Para>The meninges exhibit their second direction of polarization between the external and the internal surfaces, i.e. at right angles to the course of the collagen fibrils. An attempt was made to elucidate the principle underlying this direction of polarization. For this purpose, we also carried out comparative studies on aponeuroses (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bos taurus</Emphasis>) and the swimming-bladder capsule of carp.</Para><Para>On the basis of X-ray diffraction patterns and the anisotropy established in swelling experiments, it is assumed that a preferred electric direction is in the ultrastructure of the collagen fibrils at right angles to their longitudinal axis. It is further assumed that in the morphogenesis of collagen, the fibrils of certain tissue structures are aligned in such a way that the longitudinal as well as the transverse fibril axes are arranged in a parallel pattern. In this way the two electrical axes of the supportive protein, collagen, are directly interrelated with the morphological axes (e.g. cranial/caudal, dorsal/ventral or outward/inward) in the body of organisms.</Para><Para>The relationship possibly existing between permanent electric outside-inside polarization and selective permeability (“diffusion barrier”) in these structures is discussed briefly.</Para></Abstract><Abstract ID="Abs2" Language="De"><Heading>Zusammenfassung</Heading><Para>In den Meningen des Menschen besteht eine permanente elektrische Polarisation mit zwei, meßtechnisch klar unterscheidbaren Polarisationsrichtungen.</Para><Para>Die eine Polarisationsrichtung, welche parallel zur Längsrichtung der Kollagenfibrillen in diesen Strukturen verläuft, tritt besonders klar in den Meningen des Rückenmarks hervor. Die spinale Dura, sowie die spinale Arachnoidea und Pia weisen eine Längspolarisation auf, deren Richtung in allen drei Häuten gleichartig verläuft und vom cranialen Beginn bis zum caudalen Ende dieser Strukturen kontinuierlich durchgeht. Die Richtung der Längspolarisation in den Rückenmarkshüllen des Menschen ist derjenigen bei niederen Vertebraten (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Petromyzon, Acipenser</Emphasis>) gleich und wahrscheinlich in der ganzen Vertebratenreihe einheitlich. Die Längspolarisation in den Rückenmarkshäuten des Menschen geht ohne Richtungsänderung kontinuierlich über in die Längspolarisation des Epineurium des Plexus sacralis, des N. ischiadicus und weiterhin des N. tibialis und N. fibularis communis.</Para><Para>Die zweite elektrische Polarisationsrichtung besteht in den Meningen von ihrer Außenfläche zur Innenfläche, also senkrecht zum Verlauf der Kollagenfibrillen. Es wurde versucht, diese Polarisationsrichtung grundsätzlich aufzuklären. Hierzu wurden auch Vergleichsuntersuchungen an Sehnenblättern (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bos taurus</Emphasis>) und an der Schwimmblasenkapsel des Karpfens durchgeführt. Auf Grund von Röntgen-Beugungsdiagrammen und einer festgestellten Quellungsanisotropie wird angenommen, daß eine elektrische Vorzugsrichtung in der Ultrastruktur der Kollagenfibrillen quer zu ihrer Längsachse besteht. Es wird weiterhin vermutet, daß bei der Morphogenese des Kollagens die Fibrillen einer bestimmten Gewebestruktur so ausgerichtet sind, daß nicht nur die elektrischen Fibrillen-Längsachsen, sondern auch die elektrischen Fibrillen-Querachsen einander parallel orientiert sind.</Para><Para>Auf diese Weise stehen die beiden elektrischen Achsen des Strukturproteins Kollagen in direkter Beziehung zu den morphologischen Achsen (z. B. cranial/caudal, dorsal/ventral, oder auch außen/innen) im Körper der Organismen.</Para><Para>Die möglichen Beziehungen der permanenten elektrischen Außen-Innenpolarisation zur selektiven Permeabilität („Diffusionsbarriere“) dieser Strukturen werden erwähnt.</Para></Abstract><ArticleNote Type="Misc"><SimplePara>With support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft which is gratefully acknowledged.</SimplePara></ArticleNote></ArticleHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Article></Issue></Volume></Journal></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Permanent electric polarization of the meninges of man</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Permanent electric polarization of the meninges of man</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Herbert</namePart><namePart type="family">Athenstaedt</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Deutschland</affiliation><affiliation>Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Physicochemistry, Kiel University, Deutschland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="OriginalPaper"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berlin/Heidelberg</placeTerm></place><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">1969-03-11</dateCreated><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1969-06-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1969</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Summary: Two directions of permanent electric polarization are demonstrable in the human meninges; they can be clearly distinguished by appropriate measurements. The first direction of polarization runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the collagen fibrils in these structures and is particularly marked in the meninges of the spinal cord. The spinal dura mater, the spinal arachnoidea and the spinal pia mater are characterized by having a longitudinal polarization whose direction is identical in the three meninges, and which continues uninterrupted from the cranial starting point of these structures to their caudal end point. The direction of longitudinal polarization in the sheaths of the human spinal cord corresponds to that found in lower vertebrates (Petromyzon, Acipenser) and is probably a uniform feature of all Vertebrata. The direction of longitudinal electric polarization in the human spinal dura mater has its direct continuation, without any directional changes, in the longitudinal polarization of the epineurium of the sacral plexus, the N. ischiadicus, and then the N. tibialis and the N. fibularis communis. The meninges exhibit their second direction of polarization between the external and the internal surfaces, i.e. at right angles to the course of the collagen fibrils. An attempt was made to elucidate the principle underlying this direction of polarization. For this purpose, we also carried out comparative studies on aponeuroses (Bos taurus) and the swimming-bladder capsule of carp. On the basis of X-ray diffraction patterns and the anisotropy established in swelling experiments, it is assumed that a preferred electric direction is in the ultrastructure of the collagen fibrils at right angles to their longitudinal axis. It is further assumed that in the morphogenesis of collagen, the fibrils of certain tissue structures are aligned in such a way that the longitudinal as well as the transverse fibril axes are arranged in a parallel pattern. In this way the two electrical axes of the supportive protein, collagen, are directly interrelated with the morphological axes (e.g. cranial/caudal, dorsal/ventral or outward/inward) in the body of organisms. The relationship possibly existing between permanent electric outside-inside polarization and selective permeability (“diffusion barrier”) in these structures is discussed briefly.</abstract><abstract lang="de">Zusammenfassung: In den Meningen des Menschen besteht eine permanente elektrische Polarisation mit zwei, meßtechnisch klar unterscheidbaren Polarisationsrichtungen. Die eine Polarisationsrichtung, welche parallel zur Längsrichtung der Kollagenfibrillen in diesen Strukturen verläuft, tritt besonders klar in den Meningen des Rückenmarks hervor. Die spinale Dura, sowie die spinale Arachnoidea und Pia weisen eine Längspolarisation auf, deren Richtung in allen drei Häuten gleichartig verläuft und vom cranialen Beginn bis zum caudalen Ende dieser Strukturen kontinuierlich durchgeht. Die Richtung der Längspolarisation in den Rückenmarkshüllen des Menschen ist derjenigen bei niederen Vertebraten (Petromyzon, Acipenser) gleich und wahrscheinlich in der ganzen Vertebratenreihe einheitlich. Die Längspolarisation in den Rückenmarkshäuten des Menschen geht ohne Richtungsänderung kontinuierlich über in die Längspolarisation des Epineurium des Plexus sacralis, des N. ischiadicus und weiterhin des N. tibialis und N. fibularis communis. Die zweite elektrische Polarisationsrichtung besteht in den Meningen von ihrer Außenfläche zur Innenfläche, also senkrecht zum Verlauf der Kollagenfibrillen. Es wurde versucht, diese Polarisationsrichtung grundsätzlich aufzuklären. Hierzu wurden auch Vergleichsuntersuchungen an Sehnenblättern (Bos taurus) und an der Schwimmblasenkapsel des Karpfens durchgeführt. Auf Grund von Röntgen-Beugungsdiagrammen und einer festgestellten Quellungsanisotropie wird angenommen, daß eine elektrische Vorzugsrichtung in der Ultrastruktur der Kollagenfibrillen quer zu ihrer Längsachse besteht. Es wird weiterhin vermutet, daß bei der Morphogenese des Kollagens die Fibrillen einer bestimmten Gewebestruktur so ausgerichtet sind, daß nicht nur die elektrischen Fibrillen-Längsachsen, sondern auch die elektrischen Fibrillen-Querachsen einander parallel orientiert sind. Auf diese Weise stehen die beiden elektrischen Achsen des Strukturproteins Kollagen in direkter Beziehung zu den morphologischen Achsen (z. B. cranial/caudal, dorsal/ventral, oder auch außen/innen) im Körper der Organismen. Die möglichen Beziehungen der permanenten elektrischen Außen-Innenpolarisation zur selektiven Permeabilität („Diffusionsbarriere“) dieser Strukturen werden erwähnt.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Z. Zellforsch.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" displayLabel="Archive Journal"></genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1969-06-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1969</copyrightDate></originInfo><subject><genre>Biomedicine</genre><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>Endocrinology</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Cell Biology</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0044-3794</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1432-0878</identifier><identifier type="JournalID">441</identifier><identifier type="IssueArticleCount">10</identifier><identifier type="VolumeIssueCount">4</identifier><part><date>1969</date><detail type="volume"><number>98</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>2</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>300</start><end>322</end></extent></part><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag, 1969</recordOrigin></recordInfo></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">F95345E9B953CA1A205797590424C29115BFF661</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/BF00338332</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">BF00338332</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">Art10</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Springer-Verlag, 1969</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>SPRINGER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag, 1969</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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