Distribution of two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the central nervous system of the frog Rana ridibunda
Identifieur interne : 001496 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001495; suivant : 001497Distribution of two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the central nervous system of the frog Rana ridibunda
Auteurs : Françoise Collin ; Nicolas Chartrel ; Aldo Fasolo ; J. Michael Conlon ; Frans Vandesande ; Hubert VaudrySource :
- Brain Research [ 0006-8993 ] ; 1995.
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Abstract
Abstract: Two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have been recently characterized in the brain of the frog Rana ridibunda i.e. mammalian GnRH (mGnRH) and chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II). Using highly specific antisera against each form of GnRH, we have investigated the distribution of these two neuropeptides in the frog brain by the indirect immunofluorescence and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase techniques. mGnRH-immunoreactive cell bodies were restricted to a well defined region corresponding to the septal-anterior preoptic area. mGnRH-containing fibers projected through the ventral diencephalon and ended in the median eminence. In contrast, cGnRH-II-immunoreactive structures were widely distributed in the frog brain. In the telencephalon cGnRH-II-positive elements formed a ventromedial column extending from the olfactory bulb to the septal area, a pathway which corresponds to the terminal nerve. A dense accumulation of eGnRH-II-immunoreactive cell bodies was also found in the septal-anterior preoptic area; these neurons sent processes towards the median eminence via the hypothalamus. Double immunostaining revealed that, in this area, mGnRH- and cGnRH-II-like immunoreactivity co-existed in the same neurons. In the mid-diencephalon, numerous cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya were found, surrounding the third ventricle, in the posterior preoptic and infundibular areas. Many of these neurons sent processes towards the ventricular cavity. More caudally, a dense population of cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya was also observed in the nucleus of the paraventricular organ and the posterior tubercle. Dorsally, the thalamus, the tegmentum, the tectum and the granular layer of the cerebellum were richly innervated by cGnRH-II-positive fibers. In the medulla oblongata, numerous cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya were seen in several cranial nerve nuclei. Ventrally, a dense plexus of immunoreactive fibers projected rostrocaudally into the spinal cord. The occurrence of mGnRH- and cGnRH-II-like immunoreactivity in the septal-anterior preoptic area and the hypothalamo-pituitary pathway supports the view that both peptides act as hypophysiotropic neurohormones. The widespread distribution of cGnRH-II-immunoreactive elements in the central nervous system of the frog strongly suggests that this peptide may also exert neuromodulator and/or neurotransmitter activities.
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DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(95)01074-2
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Fax: (33) 3514-6946.</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP no. 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint Aignan ,France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:CB25F4D6E656E1BDF1C32C278B6601BC3547F40B</idno><date when="1995" year="1995">1995</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/0006-8993(95)01074-2</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/CB25F4D6E656E1BDF1C32C278B6601BC3547F40B/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001496</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001496</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Distribution of two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the central nervous system of the frog Rana ridibunda</title><author><name sortKey="Collin, Francoise" sort="Collin, Francoise" uniqKey="Collin F" first="Françoise" last="Collin">Françoise Collin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP no. 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint Aignan ,France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chartrel, Nicolas" sort="Chartrel, Nicolas" uniqKey="Chartrel N" first="Nicolas" last="Chartrel">Nicolas Chartrel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP no. 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint Aignan ,France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fasolo, Aldo" sort="Fasolo, Aldo" uniqKey="Fasolo A" first="Aldo" last="Fasolo">Aldo Fasolo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Animal Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino ,Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Michael Conlon, J" sort="Michael Conlon, J" uniqKey="Michael Conlon J" first="J." last="Michael Conlon">J. Michael Conlon</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Regulatory Peptide Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE 68178, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandesande, Frans" sort="Vandesande, Frans" uniqKey="Vandesande F" first="Frans" last="Vandesande">Frans Vandesande</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Zoological Institute, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven ,Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vaudry, Hubert" sort="Vaudry, Hubert" uniqKey="Vaudry H" first="Hubert" last="Vaudry">Hubert Vaudry</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Corresponding author. Fax: (33) 3514-6946.</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP no. 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint Aignan ,France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Brain Research</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">BRES</title><idno type="ISSN">0006-8993</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1995">1995</date><biblScope unit="volume">703</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1–2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="111">111</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="128">128</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0006-8993</idno></series><idno type="istex">CB25F4D6E656E1BDF1C32C278B6601BC3547F40B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/0006-8993(95)01074-2</idno><idno type="PII">0006-8993(95)01074-2</idno><idno type="ArticleID">95010742</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0006-8993</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Amphibian</term><term>Brain</term><term>Hypophysiotropic hormone</term><term>Immunohistochemistry</term><term>Neuropeptide</term><term>Reproduction</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: Two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have been recently characterized in the brain of the frog Rana ridibunda i.e. mammalian GnRH (mGnRH) and chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II). Using highly specific antisera against each form of GnRH, we have investigated the distribution of these two neuropeptides in the frog brain by the indirect immunofluorescence and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase techniques. mGnRH-immunoreactive cell bodies were restricted to a well defined region corresponding to the septal-anterior preoptic area. mGnRH-containing fibers projected through the ventral diencephalon and ended in the median eminence. In contrast, cGnRH-II-immunoreactive structures were widely distributed in the frog brain. In the telencephalon cGnRH-II-positive elements formed a ventromedial column extending from the olfactory bulb to the septal area, a pathway which corresponds to the terminal nerve. A dense accumulation of eGnRH-II-immunoreactive cell bodies was also found in the septal-anterior preoptic area; these neurons sent processes towards the median eminence via the hypothalamus. Double immunostaining revealed that, in this area, mGnRH- and cGnRH-II-like immunoreactivity co-existed in the same neurons. In the mid-diencephalon, numerous cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya were found, surrounding the third ventricle, in the posterior preoptic and infundibular areas. Many of these neurons sent processes towards the ventricular cavity. More caudally, a dense population of cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya was also observed in the nucleus of the paraventricular organ and the posterior tubercle. Dorsally, the thalamus, the tegmentum, the tectum and the granular layer of the cerebellum were richly innervated by cGnRH-II-positive fibers. In the medulla oblongata, numerous cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya were seen in several cranial nerve nuclei. Ventrally, a dense plexus of immunoreactive fibers projected rostrocaudally into the spinal cord. The occurrence of mGnRH- and cGnRH-II-like immunoreactivity in the septal-anterior preoptic area and the hypothalamo-pituitary pathway supports the view that both peptides act as hypophysiotropic neurohormones. The widespread distribution of cGnRH-II-immunoreactive elements in the central nervous system of the frog strongly suggests that this peptide may also exert neuromodulator and/or neurotransmitter activities.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Françoise Collin</name><affiliations><json:string>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP no. 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint Aignan ,France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Nicolas Chartrel</name><affiliations><json:string>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP no. 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint Aignan ,France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Aldo Fasolo</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Animal Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino ,Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. Michael Conlon</name><affiliations><json:string>Regulatory Peptide Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE 68178, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Frans Vandesande</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Zoological Institute, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven ,Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Hubert Vaudry</name><affiliations><json:string>Corresponding author. Fax: (33) 3514-6946.</json:string><json:string>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP no. 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint Aignan ,France</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Neuropeptide</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Hypophysiotropic hormone</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Brain</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Amphibian</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Reproduction</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Immunohistochemistry</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>95010742</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Abstract: Two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have been recently characterized in the brain of the frog Rana ridibunda i.e. mammalian GnRH (mGnRH) and chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II). Using highly specific antisera against each form of GnRH, we have investigated the distribution of these two neuropeptides in the frog brain by the indirect immunofluorescence and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase techniques. mGnRH-immunoreactive cell bodies were restricted to a well defined region corresponding to the septal-anterior preoptic area. mGnRH-containing fibers projected through the ventral diencephalon and ended in the median eminence. In contrast, cGnRH-II-immunoreactive structures were widely distributed in the frog brain. In the telencephalon cGnRH-II-positive elements formed a ventromedial column extending from the olfactory bulb to the septal area, a pathway which corresponds to the terminal nerve. A dense accumulation of eGnRH-II-immunoreactive cell bodies was also found in the septal-anterior preoptic area; these neurons sent processes towards the median eminence via the hypothalamus. Double immunostaining revealed that, in this area, mGnRH- and cGnRH-II-like immunoreactivity co-existed in the same neurons. In the mid-diencephalon, numerous cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya were found, surrounding the third ventricle, in the posterior preoptic and infundibular areas. Many of these neurons sent processes towards the ventricular cavity. More caudally, a dense population of cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya was also observed in the nucleus of the paraventricular organ and the posterior tubercle. Dorsally, the thalamus, the tegmentum, the tectum and the granular layer of the cerebellum were richly innervated by cGnRH-II-positive fibers. In the medulla oblongata, numerous cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya were seen in several cranial nerve nuclei. Ventrally, a dense plexus of immunoreactive fibers projected rostrocaudally into the spinal cord. The occurrence of mGnRH- and cGnRH-II-like immunoreactivity in the septal-anterior preoptic area and the hypothalamo-pituitary pathway supports the view that both peptides act as hypophysiotropic neurohormones. The widespread distribution of cGnRH-II-immunoreactive elements in the central nervous system of the frog strongly suggests that this peptide may also exert neuromodulator and/or neurotransmitter activities.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>576 x 792 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>6</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>2407</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>7393</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>50000</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>18</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>316</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Distribution of two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the central nervous system of the frog Rana ridibunda</title><pii><json:string>0006-8993(95)01074-2</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><serie><volume>83</volume><pages><last>183</last><first>179</first></pages><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Proc. 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All rights reserved</p></availability><date>1995</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Distribution of two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the central nervous system of the frog Rana ridibunda</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Françoise</forename><surname>Collin</surname></persName><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP no. 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint Aignan ,France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Nicolas</forename><surname>Chartrel</surname></persName><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP no. 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint Aignan ,France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Aldo</forename><surname>Fasolo</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Animal Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino ,Italy</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">J.</forename><surname>Michael Conlon</surname></persName><affiliation>Regulatory Peptide Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE 68178, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Frans</forename><surname>Vandesande</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Zoological Institute, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven ,Belgium</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Hubert</forename><surname>Vaudry</surname></persName><affiliation>Corresponding author. Fax: (33) 3514-6946.</affiliation><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP no. 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint Aignan ,France</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Brain Research</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">BRES</title><idno type="pISSN">0006-8993</idno><idno type="PII">S0006-8993(00)X0028-5</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1995"></date><biblScope unit="volume">703</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1–2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="111">111</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="128">128</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">CB25F4D6E656E1BDF1C32C278B6601BC3547F40B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/0006-8993(95)01074-2</idno><idno type="PII">0006-8993(95)01074-2</idno><idno type="ArticleID">95010742</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1995</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract: Two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have been recently characterized in the brain of the frog Rana ridibunda i.e. mammalian GnRH (mGnRH) and chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II). Using highly specific antisera against each form of GnRH, we have investigated the distribution of these two neuropeptides in the frog brain by the indirect immunofluorescence and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase techniques. mGnRH-immunoreactive cell bodies were restricted to a well defined region corresponding to the septal-anterior preoptic area. mGnRH-containing fibers projected through the ventral diencephalon and ended in the median eminence. In contrast, cGnRH-II-immunoreactive structures were widely distributed in the frog brain. In the telencephalon cGnRH-II-positive elements formed a ventromedial column extending from the olfactory bulb to the septal area, a pathway which corresponds to the terminal nerve. A dense accumulation of eGnRH-II-immunoreactive cell bodies was also found in the septal-anterior preoptic area; these neurons sent processes towards the median eminence via the hypothalamus. Double immunostaining revealed that, in this area, mGnRH- and cGnRH-II-like immunoreactivity co-existed in the same neurons. In the mid-diencephalon, numerous cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya were found, surrounding the third ventricle, in the posterior preoptic and infundibular areas. Many of these neurons sent processes towards the ventricular cavity. More caudally, a dense population of cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya was also observed in the nucleus of the paraventricular organ and the posterior tubercle. Dorsally, the thalamus, the tegmentum, the tectum and the granular layer of the cerebellum were richly innervated by cGnRH-II-positive fibers. In the medulla oblongata, numerous cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya were seen in several cranial nerve nuclei. Ventrally, a dense plexus of immunoreactive fibers projected rostrocaudally into the spinal cord. The occurrence of mGnRH- and cGnRH-II-like immunoreactivity in the septal-anterior preoptic area and the hypothalamo-pituitary pathway supports the view that both peptides act as hypophysiotropic neurohormones. The widespread distribution of cGnRH-II-immunoreactive elements in the central nervous system of the frog strongly suggests that this peptide may also exert neuromodulator and/or neurotransmitter activities.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Neuropeptide</term></item><item><term>Hypophysiotropic hormone</term></item><item><term>Brain</term></item><item><term>Amphibian</term></item><item><term>Reproduction</term></item><item><term>Immunohistochemistry</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1995">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/CB25F4D6E656E1BDF1C32C278B6601BC3547F40B/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier doc found" wicri:toSee="Elsevier, no converted or simple article"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 5.0.1//EN//XML" URI="art501.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article version="5.0" xml:lang="en" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>BRES</jid><aid>95010742</aid><ce:pii>0006-8993(95)01074-2</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/0006-8993(95)01074-2</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1995">Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Distribution of two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the central nervous system of the frog<ce:italic>Rana ridibunda</ce:italic></ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Françoise</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Collin</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="aff1"><ce:sup loc="post">a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Nicolas</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Chartrel</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="aff1"><ce:sup loc="post">a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Aldo</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Fasolo</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="aff2"><ce:sup loc="post">b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Michael Conlon</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="aff3"><ce:sup loc="post">c</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Frans</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Vandesande</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="aff4"><ce:sup loc="post">d</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Hubert</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Vaudry</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="cor1"><ce:sup loc="post">*</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="aff1"><ce:sup loc="post">a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="aff1"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP no. 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint Aignan ,France</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="aff2"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Animal Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino ,Italy</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="aff3"><ce:label>c</ce:label><ce:textfn>Regulatory Peptide Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE 68178, USA</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="aff4"><ce:label>d</ce:label><ce:textfn>Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Zoological Institute, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven ,Belgium</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="cor1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author. Fax: (33) 3514-6946.</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-accepted day="8" month="8" year="1995"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract id="ab1" class="author" xml:lang="en"><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para view="all" id="simple-para.0010">Two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have been recently characterized in the brain of the frog Rana ridibunda i.e. mammalian GnRH (mGnRH) and chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II). Using highly specific antisera against each form of GnRH, we have investigated the distribution of these two neuropeptides in the frog brain by the indirect immunofluorescence and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase techniques. mGnRH-immunoreactive cell bodies were restricted to a well defined region corresponding to the septal-anterior preoptic area. mGnRH-containing fibers projected through the ventral diencephalon and ended in the median eminence. In contrast, cGnRH-II-immunoreactive structures were widely distributed in the frog brain. In the telencephalon cGnRH-II-positive elements formed a ventromedial column extending from the olfactory bulb to the septal area, a pathway which corresponds to the terminal nerve. A dense accumulation of eGnRH-II-immunoreactive cell bodies was also found in the septal-anterior preoptic area; these neurons sent processes towards the median eminence via the hypothalamus. Double immunostaining revealed that, in this area, mGnRH- and cGnRH-II-like immunoreactivity co-existed in the same neurons. In the mid-diencephalon, numerous cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya were found, surrounding the third ventricle, in the posterior preoptic and infundibular areas. Many of these neurons sent processes towards the ventricular cavity. More caudally, a dense population of cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya was also observed in the nucleus of the paraventricular organ and the posterior tubercle. Dorsally, the thalamus, the tegmentum, the tectum and the granular layer of the cerebellum were richly innervated by cGnRH-II-positive fibers. In the medulla oblongata, numerous cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya were seen in several cranial nerve nuclei. Ventrally, a dense plexus of immunoreactive fibers projected rostrocaudally into the spinal cord. The occurrence of mGnRH- and cGnRH-II-like immunoreactivity in the septal-anterior preoptic area and the hypothalamo-pituitary pathway supports the view that both peptides act as hypophysiotropic neurohormones. The widespread distribution of cGnRH-II-immunoreactive elements in the central nervous system of the frog strongly suggests that this peptide may also exert neuromodulator and/or neurotransmitter activities.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword" xml:lang="en"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Neuropeptide</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Hypophysiotropic hormone</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Brain</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Amphibian</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Reproduction</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Immunohistochemistry</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head><tail view="all"><ce:bibliography view="all" id="bibliography.0010"><ce:section-title>References</ce:section-title><ce:bibliography-sec id="bibliography-sec.0010"><ce:bib-reference id="bib1"><ce:label>[1]</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Adelman</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.P.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Mason</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Hayflick</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Seeburg</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.H.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Isolation of the gene and hypothalamic cDNA for the common precursor of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and prolactin-releaseinhibiting factor in human and rat</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:edition>First edition</sb:edition><sb:book-series><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Proc. 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Endocrinol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>81</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>256</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>267</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference></ce:bibliography-sec></ce:bibliography></tail></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Distribution of two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the central nervous system of the frog Rana ridibunda</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Distribution of two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the central nervous system of the frog</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Françoise</namePart><namePart type="family">Collin</namePart><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP no. 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint Aignan ,France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Nicolas</namePart><namePart type="family">Chartrel</namePart><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP no. 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint Aignan ,France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Aldo</namePart><namePart type="family">Fasolo</namePart><affiliation>Department of Animal Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino ,Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Michael Conlon</namePart><affiliation>Regulatory Peptide Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE 68178, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Frans</namePart><namePart type="family">Vandesande</namePart><affiliation>Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Zoological Institute, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven ,Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hubert</namePart><namePart type="family">Vaudry</namePart><affiliation>Corresponding author. Fax: (33) 3514-6946.</affiliation><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP no. 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U 413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint Aignan ,France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1995</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1995</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Abstract: Two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have been recently characterized in the brain of the frog Rana ridibunda i.e. mammalian GnRH (mGnRH) and chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II). Using highly specific antisera against each form of GnRH, we have investigated the distribution of these two neuropeptides in the frog brain by the indirect immunofluorescence and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase techniques. mGnRH-immunoreactive cell bodies were restricted to a well defined region corresponding to the septal-anterior preoptic area. mGnRH-containing fibers projected through the ventral diencephalon and ended in the median eminence. In contrast, cGnRH-II-immunoreactive structures were widely distributed in the frog brain. In the telencephalon cGnRH-II-positive elements formed a ventromedial column extending from the olfactory bulb to the septal area, a pathway which corresponds to the terminal nerve. A dense accumulation of eGnRH-II-immunoreactive cell bodies was also found in the septal-anterior preoptic area; these neurons sent processes towards the median eminence via the hypothalamus. Double immunostaining revealed that, in this area, mGnRH- and cGnRH-II-like immunoreactivity co-existed in the same neurons. In the mid-diencephalon, numerous cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya were found, surrounding the third ventricle, in the posterior preoptic and infundibular areas. Many of these neurons sent processes towards the ventricular cavity. More caudally, a dense population of cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya was also observed in the nucleus of the paraventricular organ and the posterior tubercle. Dorsally, the thalamus, the tegmentum, the tectum and the granular layer of the cerebellum were richly innervated by cGnRH-II-positive fibers. In the medulla oblongata, numerous cGnRH-II-immunoreactive perikarya were seen in several cranial nerve nuclei. Ventrally, a dense plexus of immunoreactive fibers projected rostrocaudally into the spinal cord. The occurrence of mGnRH- and cGnRH-II-like immunoreactivity in the septal-anterior preoptic area and the hypothalamo-pituitary pathway supports the view that both peptides act as hypophysiotropic neurohormones. The widespread distribution of cGnRH-II-immunoreactive elements in the central nervous system of the frog strongly suggests that this peptide may also exert neuromodulator and/or neurotransmitter activities.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Neuropeptide</topic><topic>Hypophysiotropic hormone</topic><topic>Brain</topic><topic>Amphibian</topic><topic>Reproduction</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Brain Research</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>BRES</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">19951212</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0006-8993</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0006-8993(00)X0028-5</identifier><part><date>19951212</date><detail type="volume"><number>703</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1–2</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>1</start><end>252</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>111</start><end>128</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">CB25F4D6E656E1BDF1C32C278B6601BC3547F40B</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/0006-8993(95)01074-2</identifier><identifier type="PII">0006-8993(95)01074-2</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">95010742</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©1995 Elsevier Science B.V. 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