Functional morphology of the “tongue‐bite” in the osteoglossomorph fish Notopterus
Identifieur interne : 001485 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001484; suivant : 001486Functional morphology of the “tongue‐bite” in the osteoglossomorph fish Notopterus
Auteurs : Christopher P. Sanford ; George V. LauderSource :
- Journal of Morphology [ 0362-2525 ] ; 1989-10.
Abstract
Osteoglossomorph fishes are characterized by having three sets of jaws: a mandibular jaw apparatus (MJA) anteriorly, a pharyngeal jaw apparatus (PJA) posteriorly, and a tongue‐bite apparatus (TBA) associated with basihyal and parasphenoid teeth. The TBA is a novel complex feature of the head that characterizes osteoglossomorph fishes and provides a case study in the origin of novel functions and roles in the vertebrate musculoskeletal system. The function of the tongue‐bite in the osteoglossomorph fish Notopterus was characterized by using high‐speed cinematography and electromyography. The tongue‐bite is used during intraoral prey processing to shred and disable prey. Two distinct uses of the TBA were defined on the basis of kinematic and electromyographic profiles: raking and open‐mouth chewing. During raking behavior, the prey is held fixed in the MJA, the neurocranium is elevated, and the pectoral girdle is retracted. The adductor mandibulae, hypaxialis, epaxialis, and posterior intermandibularis muscles are all highly active, but only very low activity is observed in the sternohyoideus muscle. During open‐mouth chewing behavior, the prey is located within the oral cavity, posterior pectoral girdle rotation is less than during raking, and the levator operculi muscle shows relatively high activity. We propose that a shearing action of the basihyal (moved anteroposteriorly by the posterior intermandibularis and hypaxial muscles) with respect to the neurocranium (elevated by epaxial muscles) is the critical aspect of the tongue‐bite in Notopterus. The body muscles (epaxials and hypaxials) provide the main power for the tongue‐bite. We hypothesize that lack of sternohyoideus activity during intraoral prey processing, posterior pectoral girdle rotation, and a long‐fibered posterior intermandibularis muscle are novel structures associated with the tongue‐bite apparatus within osteoglossomorph fishes.
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DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1052020307
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The TBA is a novel complex feature of the head that characterizes osteoglossomorph fishes and provides a case study in the origin of novel functions and roles in the vertebrate musculoskeletal system. The function of the tongue‐bite in the osteoglossomorph fish Notopterus was characterized by using high‐speed cinematography and electromyography. The tongue‐bite is used during intraoral prey processing to shred and disable prey. Two distinct uses of the TBA were defined on the basis of kinematic and electromyographic profiles: raking and open‐mouth chewing. During raking behavior, the prey is held fixed in the MJA, the neurocranium is elevated, and the pectoral girdle is retracted. The adductor mandibulae, hypaxialis, epaxialis, and posterior intermandibularis muscles are all highly active, but only very low activity is observed in the sternohyoideus muscle. During open‐mouth chewing behavior, the prey is located within the oral cavity, posterior pectoral girdle rotation is less than during raking, and the levator operculi muscle shows relatively high activity. We propose that a shearing action of the basihyal (moved anteroposteriorly by the posterior intermandibularis and hypaxial muscles) with respect to the neurocranium (elevated by epaxial muscles) is the critical aspect of the tongue‐bite in Notopterus. The body muscles (epaxials and hypaxials) provide the main power for the tongue‐bite. We hypothesize that lack of sternohyoideus activity during intraoral prey processing, posterior pectoral girdle rotation, and a long‐fibered posterior intermandibularis muscle are novel structures associated with the tongue‐bite apparatus within osteoglossomorph fishes.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Christopher P. Sanford</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92717</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>George V. Lauder</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92717</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>JMOR1052020307</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Osteoglossomorph fishes are characterized by having three sets of jaws: a mandibular jaw apparatus (MJA) anteriorly, a pharyngeal jaw apparatus (PJA) posteriorly, and a tongue‐bite apparatus (TBA) associated with basihyal and parasphenoid teeth. The TBA is a novel complex feature of the head that characterizes osteoglossomorph fishes and provides a case study in the origin of novel functions and roles in the vertebrate musculoskeletal system. The function of the tongue‐bite in the osteoglossomorph fish Notopterus was characterized by using high‐speed cinematography and electromyography. The tongue‐bite is used during intraoral prey processing to shred and disable prey. Two distinct uses of the TBA were defined on the basis of kinematic and electromyographic profiles: raking and open‐mouth chewing. During raking behavior, the prey is held fixed in the MJA, the neurocranium is elevated, and the pectoral girdle is retracted. The adductor mandibulae, hypaxialis, epaxialis, and posterior intermandibularis muscles are all highly active, but only very low activity is observed in the sternohyoideus muscle. During open‐mouth chewing behavior, the prey is located within the oral cavity, posterior pectoral girdle rotation is less than during raking, and the levator operculi muscle shows relatively high activity. We propose that a shearing action of the basihyal (moved anteroposteriorly by the posterior intermandibularis and hypaxial muscles) with respect to the neurocranium (elevated by epaxial muscles) is the critical aspect of the tongue‐bite in Notopterus. The body muscles (epaxials and hypaxials) provide the main power for the tongue‐bite. 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Morphol.</title><idno type="pISSN">0362-2525</idno><idno type="eISSN">1097-4687</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4687</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1989-10"></date><biblScope unit="volume">202</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="379">379</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="408">408</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">15BE7B7EF07B07E81FAD00CB8F376E387CC3BA17</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/jmor.1052020307</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JMOR1052020307</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1989</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Osteoglossomorph fishes are characterized by having three sets of jaws: a mandibular jaw apparatus (MJA) anteriorly, a pharyngeal jaw apparatus (PJA) posteriorly, and a tongue‐bite apparatus (TBA) associated with basihyal and parasphenoid teeth. The TBA is a novel complex feature of the head that characterizes osteoglossomorph fishes and provides a case study in the origin of novel functions and roles in the vertebrate musculoskeletal system. The function of the tongue‐bite in the osteoglossomorph fish Notopterus was characterized by using high‐speed cinematography and electromyography. The tongue‐bite is used during intraoral prey processing to shred and disable prey. Two distinct uses of the TBA were defined on the basis of kinematic and electromyographic profiles: raking and open‐mouth chewing. During raking behavior, the prey is held fixed in the MJA, the neurocranium is elevated, and the pectoral girdle is retracted. The adductor mandibulae, hypaxialis, epaxialis, and posterior intermandibularis muscles are all highly active, but only very low activity is observed in the sternohyoideus muscle. During open‐mouth chewing behavior, the prey is located within the oral cavity, posterior pectoral girdle rotation is less than during raking, and the levator operculi muscle shows relatively high activity. We propose that a shearing action of the basihyal (moved anteroposteriorly by the posterior intermandibularis and hypaxial muscles) with respect to the neurocranium (elevated by epaxial muscles) is the critical aspect of the tongue‐bite in Notopterus. The body muscles (epaxials and hypaxials) provide the main power for the tongue‐bite. 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The TBA is a novel complex feature of the head that characterizes osteoglossomorph fishes and provides a case study in the origin of novel functions and roles in the vertebrate musculoskeletal system.</p><p>The function of the tongue‐bite in the osteoglossomorph fish <i>Notopterus</i> was characterized by using high‐speed cinematography and electromyography. The tongue‐bite is used during intraoral prey processing to shred and disable prey. Two distinct uses of the TBA were defined on the basis of kinematic and electromyographic profiles: raking and open‐mouth chewing. During raking behavior, the prey is held fixed in the MJA, the neurocranium is elevated, and the pectoral girdle is retracted. The adductor mandibulae, hypaxialis, epaxialis, and posterior intermandibularis muscles are all highly active, but only very low activity is observed in the sternohyoideus muscle. During open‐mouth chewing behavior, the prey is located within the oral cavity, posterior pectoral girdle rotation is less than during raking, and the levator operculi muscle shows relatively high activity.</p><p>We propose that a shearing action of the basihyal (moved anteroposteriorly by the posterior intermandibularis and hypaxial muscles) with respect to the neurocranium (elevated by epaxial muscles) is the critical aspect of the tongue‐bite in <i>Notopterus</i>. The body muscles (epaxials and hypaxials) provide the main power for the tongue‐bite. We hypothesize that lack of sternohyoideus activity during intraoral prey processing, posterior pectoral girdle rotation, and a long‐fibered posterior intermandibularis muscle are novel structures associated with the tongue‐bite apparatus within osteoglossomorph fishes.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Functional morphology of the “tongue‐bite” in the osteoglossomorph fish Notopterus</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF NOTOPTERUS</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Functional morphology of the “tongue‐bite” in the osteoglossomorph fish Notopterus</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Christopher P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sanford</namePart><affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92717</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">George V.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lauder</namePart><affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92717</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1989-10</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1989</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">13</extent><extent unit="tables">5</extent><extent unit="references">34</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Osteoglossomorph fishes are characterized by having three sets of jaws: a mandibular jaw apparatus (MJA) anteriorly, a pharyngeal jaw apparatus (PJA) posteriorly, and a tongue‐bite apparatus (TBA) associated with basihyal and parasphenoid teeth. The TBA is a novel complex feature of the head that characterizes osteoglossomorph fishes and provides a case study in the origin of novel functions and roles in the vertebrate musculoskeletal system. The function of the tongue‐bite in the osteoglossomorph fish Notopterus was characterized by using high‐speed cinematography and electromyography. The tongue‐bite is used during intraoral prey processing to shred and disable prey. Two distinct uses of the TBA were defined on the basis of kinematic and electromyographic profiles: raking and open‐mouth chewing. During raking behavior, the prey is held fixed in the MJA, the neurocranium is elevated, and the pectoral girdle is retracted. The adductor mandibulae, hypaxialis, epaxialis, and posterior intermandibularis muscles are all highly active, but only very low activity is observed in the sternohyoideus muscle. During open‐mouth chewing behavior, the prey is located within the oral cavity, posterior pectoral girdle rotation is less than during raking, and the levator operculi muscle shows relatively high activity. We propose that a shearing action of the basihyal (moved anteroposteriorly by the posterior intermandibularis and hypaxial muscles) with respect to the neurocranium (elevated by epaxial muscles) is the critical aspect of the tongue‐bite in Notopterus. The body muscles (epaxials and hypaxials) provide the main power for the tongue‐bite. We hypothesize that lack of sternohyoideus activity during intraoral prey processing, posterior pectoral girdle rotation, and a long‐fibered posterior intermandibularis muscle are novel structures associated with the tongue‐bite apparatus within osteoglossomorph fishes.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Morphology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. 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