Effects of feeding levels on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients for juvenile Chinese sucker, Myxocyprinus asiaticus
Identifieur interne : 001412 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001411; suivant : 001413Effects of feeding levels on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients for juvenile Chinese sucker, Myxocyprinus asiaticus
Auteurs : Yong-Chao Yuan ; Hui-Jun Yang ; Shi-Yuan Gong ; Zhi Luo ; Han-Wen Yuan ; Xiao-Kang ChenSource :
- Aquaculture Research [ 1355-557X ] ; 2010-06.
English descriptors
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine effects of feeding levels on growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient deposition, body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients for juvenile Chinese sucker (initial weight, 11.77±0.22 g). Chinese sucker were fed a practical diet from 0% (starvation) to 4.0% (at 0.5% increments) body weight (bw) day−1 for 8 weeks. The results showed that growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient deposition, body composition and ADCs of dry matter, protein and energy were significantly (P<0.05) affected by feeding levels. Survival was the lowest for the starvation group. Final mean body weight, growth rate, thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC) increased with feeding rate from 0% to 3.0% bw day−1 (P<0.05) and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05). Feed conversion rate was significantly lower at a feeding level of 2.5% bw day−1 than above and below the level (P<0.05). Protein efficiency ratio was markedly highest at the 2.5% bw day−1 ration level (P<0.05). Fish fed at the feeding level (1.0% bw day−1), which represented a maintenance ration (energy gain was less than 2.27 kJ fish−1 day−1), showed positive protein deposition but negative lipid deposition. This indicates that fish fed a maintenance ration mobilize body lipid reserve to support protein deposition. Lipid contents of whole body, muscle and liver increased with increasing feeding rates from 0.5% to 3.0% bw day−1 and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05). Protein contents of whole‐body composition increased with feeding rate from 0.5 to 3.0% bw day−1 (P<0.05) and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05), whereas muscle and liver remained relatively stable with the different ration amount with the exception of fish fed a ration of 0.5% bw day−1, at which Chinese sucker possessed significantly lower body protein concentration (P<0.05). The ADCs of dry matter, protein and energy decreased with increasing feeding levels from 0.5% to 3.0% bw day−1 and then remained relatively constant over the level. Based on the broken‐line regression analysis using WG data, the optimum and maintenance feeding levels for Chinese sucker were 3.10% bw day−1 and 0.45% bw day−1 respectively.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02387.x
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University, Wuhan, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Hui Un" sort="Yang, Hui Un" uniqKey="Yang H" first="Hui-Jun" last="Yang">Hui-Jun Yang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nutrition Laboratory, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gong, Shi Uan" sort="Gong, Shi Uan" uniqKey="Gong S" first="Shi-Yuan" last="Gong">Shi-Yuan Gong</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nutrition Laboratory, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, Zhi" sort="Luo, Zhi" uniqKey="Luo Z" first="Zhi" last="Luo">Zhi Luo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nutrition Laboratory, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, Han En" sort="Yuan, Han En" uniqKey="Yuan H" first="Han-Wen" last="Yuan">Han-Wen Yuan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Xiao Ang" sort="Chen, Xiao Ang" uniqKey="Chen X" first="Xiao-Kang" last="Chen">Xiao-Kang Chen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Wuhan Yangtze River Mermaid Technology, Wuhan, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Aquaculture Research</title><idno type="ISSN">1355-557X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2109</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-06">2010-06</date><biblScope unit="volume">41</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">7</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1030">1030</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1042">1042</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1355-557X</idno></series><idno type="istex">44A25F06EB6EF346F8355F313ECBD93D1FD64BF3</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02387.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ARE2387</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1355-557X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Chinese sucker</term><term>Myxocyprinus asiaticus</term><term>feeding frequency</term><term>growth 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Chinese sucker were fed a practical diet from 0% (starvation) to 4.0% (at 0.5% increments) body weight (bw) day−1 for 8 weeks. The results showed that growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient deposition, body composition and ADCs of dry matter, protein and energy were significantly (P<0.05) affected by feeding levels. Survival was the lowest for the starvation group. Final mean body weight, growth rate, thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC) increased with feeding rate from 0% to 3.0% bw day−1 (P<0.05) and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05). Feed conversion rate was significantly lower at a feeding level of 2.5% bw day−1 than above and below the level (P<0.05). Protein efficiency ratio was markedly highest at the 2.5% bw day−1 ration level (P<0.05). Fish fed at the feeding level (1.0% bw day−1), which represented a maintenance ration (energy gain was less than 2.27 kJ fish−1 day−1), showed positive protein deposition but negative lipid deposition. This indicates that fish fed a maintenance ration mobilize body lipid reserve to support protein deposition. Lipid contents of whole body, muscle and liver increased with increasing feeding rates from 0.5% to 3.0% bw day−1 and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05). Protein contents of whole‐body composition increased with feeding rate from 0.5 to 3.0% bw day−1 (P<0.05) and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05), whereas muscle and liver remained relatively stable with the different ration amount with the exception of fish fed a ration of 0.5% bw day−1, at which Chinese sucker possessed significantly lower body protein concentration (P<0.05). The ADCs of dry matter, protein and energy decreased with increasing feeding levels from 0.5% to 3.0% bw day−1 and then remained relatively constant over the level. Based on the broken‐line regression analysis using WG data, the optimum and maintenance feeding levels for Chinese sucker were 3.10% bw day−1 and 0.45% bw day−1 respectively.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Yong‐Chao Yuan</name><affiliations><json:string>Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</json:string><json:string>Nutrition Laboratory, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Hui‐Jun Yang</name><affiliations><json:string>Nutrition Laboratory, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Shi‐Yuan Gong</name><affiliations><json:string>Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</json:string><json:string>Nutrition Laboratory, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Zhi Luo</name><affiliations><json:string>Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</json:string><json:string>Nutrition Laboratory, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Han‐Wen Yuan</name><affiliations><json:string>Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Xiao‐Kang Chen</name><affiliations><json:string>Wuhan Yangtze River Mermaid Technology, Wuhan, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Chinese sucker</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>feeding frequency</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>growth performance</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Myxocyprinus asiaticus</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>ARE2387</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>An experiment was conducted to determine effects of feeding levels on growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient deposition, body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients for juvenile Chinese sucker (initial weight, 11.77±0.22 g). Chinese sucker were fed a practical diet from 0% (starvation) to 4.0% (at 0.5% increments) body weight (bw) day−1 for 8 weeks. The results showed that growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient deposition, body composition and ADCs of dry matter, protein and energy were significantly (P>0.05) affected by feeding levels. Survival was the lowest for the starvation group. Final mean body weight, growth rate, thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC) increased with feeding rate from 0% to 3.0% bw day−1 (P>0.05) and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05). Feed conversion rate was significantly lower at a feeding level of 2.5% bw day−1 than above and below the level (P>0.05). Protein efficiency ratio was markedly highest at the 2.5% bw day−1 ration level (P>0.05). Fish fed at the feeding level (1.0% bw day−1), which represented a maintenance ration (energy gain was less than 2.27 kJ fish−1 day−1), showed positive protein deposition but negative lipid deposition. This indicates that fish fed a maintenance ration mobilize body lipid reserve to support protein deposition. Lipid contents of whole body, muscle and liver increased with increasing feeding rates from 0.5% to 3.0% bw day−1 and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05). Protein contents of whole‐body composition increased with feeding rate from 0.5 to 3.0% bw day−1 (P>0.05) and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05), whereas muscle and liver remained relatively stable with the different ration amount with the exception of fish fed a ration of 0.5% bw day−1, at which Chinese sucker possessed significantly lower body protein concentration (P>0.05). The ADCs of dry matter, protein and energy decreased with increasing feeding levels from 0.5% to 3.0% bw day−1 and then remained relatively constant over the level. Based on the broken‐line regression analysis using WG data, the optimum and maintenance feeding levels for Chinese sucker were 3.10% bw day−1 and 0.45% bw day−1 respectively.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 782.362 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>2287</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>7469</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>45910</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>13</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>321</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Effects of feeding levels on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients for juvenile Chinese sucker, Myxocyprinus asiaticus</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>41</volume><publisherId><json:string>ARE</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>13</total><last>1042</last><first>1030</first></pages><issn><json:string>1355-557X</json:string></issn><issue>7</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1365-2109</json:string></eissn><title>Aquaculture Research</title><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2109</json:string></doi></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>fisheries</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>applied sciences</json:string><json:string>agriculture, fisheries & forestry</json:string><json:string>fisheries</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2010</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2010</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02387.x</json:string></doi><id>44A25F06EB6EF346F8355F313ECBD93D1FD64BF3</id><score>0.023043105</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/44A25F06EB6EF346F8355F313ECBD93D1FD64BF3/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/44A25F06EB6EF346F8355F313ECBD93D1FD64BF3/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/44A25F06EB6EF346F8355F313ECBD93D1FD64BF3/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Effects of feeding levels on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients for juvenile Chinese sucker, Myxocyprinus asiaticus</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>© 2009 The Authors. 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Chinese sucker were fed a practical diet from 0% (starvation) to 4.0% (at 0.5% increments) body weight (bw) day−1 for 8 weeks. The results showed that growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient deposition, body composition and ADCs of dry matter, protein and energy were significantly (P<0.05) affected by feeding levels. Survival was the lowest for the starvation group. Final mean body weight, growth rate, thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC) increased with feeding rate from 0% to 3.0% bw day−1 (P<0.05) and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05). Feed conversion rate was significantly lower at a feeding level of 2.5% bw day−1 than above and below the level (P<0.05). Protein efficiency ratio was markedly highest at the 2.5% bw day−1 ration level (P<0.05). Fish fed at the feeding level (1.0% bw day−1), which represented a maintenance ration (energy gain was less than 2.27 kJ fish−1 day−1), showed positive protein deposition but negative lipid deposition. This indicates that fish fed a maintenance ration mobilize body lipid reserve to support protein deposition. Lipid contents of whole body, muscle and liver increased with increasing feeding rates from 0.5% to 3.0% bw day−1 and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05). Protein contents of whole‐body composition increased with feeding rate from 0.5 to 3.0% bw day−1 (P<0.05) and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05), whereas muscle and liver remained relatively stable with the different ration amount with the exception of fish fed a ration of 0.5% bw day−1, at which Chinese sucker possessed significantly lower body protein concentration (P<0.05). The ADCs of dry matter, protein and energy decreased with increasing feeding levels from 0.5% to 3.0% bw day−1 and then remained relatively constant over the level. Based on the broken‐line regression analysis using WG data, the optimum and maintenance feeding levels for Chinese sucker were 3.10% bw day−1 and 0.45% bw day−1 respectively.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>Chinese sucker</term></item><item><term>feeding frequency</term></item><item><term>growth performance</term></item><item><term>Myxocyprinus asiaticus</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2010-06">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/44A25F06EB6EF346F8355F313ECBD93D1FD64BF3/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2109</doi><issn type="print">1355-557X</issn><issn type="electronic">1365-2109</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="ARE"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="AQUACULTURE RESEARCH">Aquaculture Research</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="06007"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/are.2010.41.issue-7</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="41">41</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="7">7</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2010-06">June 2010</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="10" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02387.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="ARE2387"></id><id type="supplier" value="2387"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="13"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Original Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2009 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2009-11-17"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2010-06-11"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.9 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-06-14"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-06"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-15"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="1030">1030</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="1042">1042</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo><b>Correspondence:</b> Prof. S‐Y Gong, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. E‐mail: <email normalForm="gsy@mail.hzau.edu.cn">gsy@mail.hzau.edu.cn</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:ARE.ARE2387.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="4"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="5"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="9"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="78"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="9027"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="75"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Effects of feeding levels on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients for juvenile Chinese sucker, <i>Myxocyprinus asiaticus</i></title><title type="shortAuthors">Y‐C Yuan <i>et al.</i></title><title type="short">Growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and ADCs</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1 #a2"><personName><givenNames>Yong‐Chao</givenNames><familyName>Yuan</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>Hui‐Jun</givenNames><familyName>Yang</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1 #a2"><personName><givenNames>Shi‐Yuan</givenNames><familyName>Gong</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a1 #a2"><personName><givenNames>Zhi</givenNames><familyName>Luo</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Han‐Wen</givenNames><familyName>Yuan</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>Xiao‐Kang</givenNames><familyName>Chen</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="CN"><unparsedAffiliation>Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="CN"><unparsedAffiliation>Nutrition Laboratory, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="CN"><unparsedAffiliation>Wuhan Yangtze River Mermaid Technology, Wuhan, China</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">Chinese sucker</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">feeding frequency</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">growth performance</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4"><i>Myxocyprinus asiaticus</i></keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>An experiment was conducted to determine effects of feeding levels on growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient deposition, body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients for juvenile Chinese sucker (initial weight, 11.77±0.22 g). Chinese sucker were fed a practical diet from 0% (starvation) to 4.0% (at 0.5% increments) body weight (bw) day<sup>−1</sup> for 8 weeks. The results showed that growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient deposition, body composition and ADCs of dry matter, protein and energy were significantly (<i>P</i><0.05) affected by feeding levels. Survival was the lowest for the starvation group. Final mean body weight, growth rate, thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC) increased with feeding rate from 0% to 3.0% bw day<sup>−1</sup> (<i>P</i><0.05) and showed no significant differences above the level (<i>P</i>>0.05). Feed conversion rate was significantly lower at a feeding level of 2.5% bw day<sup>−1</sup> than above and below the level (<i>P</i><0.05). Protein efficiency ratio was markedly highest at the 2.5% bw day<sup>−1</sup> ration level (<i>P</i><0.05). Fish fed at the feeding level (1.0% bw day<sup>−1</sup>), which represented a maintenance ration (energy gain was less than 2.27 kJ fish<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>), showed positive protein deposition but negative lipid deposition. This indicates that fish fed a maintenance ration mobilize body lipid reserve to support protein deposition. Lipid contents of whole body, muscle and liver increased with increasing feeding rates from 0.5% to 3.0% bw day<sup>−1</sup> and showed no significant differences above the level (<i>P</i>>0.05). Protein contents of whole‐body composition increased with feeding rate from 0.5 to 3.0% bw day<sup>−1</sup> (<i>P</i><0.05) and showed no significant differences above the level (<i>P</i>>0.05), whereas muscle and liver remained relatively stable with the different ration amount with the exception of fish fed a ration of 0.5% bw day<sup>−1</sup>, at which Chinese sucker possessed significantly lower body protein concentration (<i>P</i><0.05). The ADCs of dry matter, protein and energy decreased with increasing feeding levels from 0.5% to 3.0% bw day<sup>−1</sup> and then remained relatively constant over the level. Based on the broken‐line regression analysis using WG data, the optimum and maintenance feeding levels for Chinese sucker were 3.10% bw day<sup>−1</sup> and 0.45% bw day<sup>−1</sup> respectively.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Effects of feeding levels on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients for juvenile Chinese sucker, Myxocyprinus asiaticus</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and ADCs</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Effects of feeding levels on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients for juvenile Chinese sucker, Myxocyprinus asiaticus</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yong‐Chao</namePart><namePart type="family">Yuan</namePart><affiliation>Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</affiliation><affiliation>Nutrition Laboratory, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hui‐Jun</namePart><namePart type="family">Yang</namePart><affiliation>Nutrition Laboratory, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Shi‐Yuan</namePart><namePart type="family">Gong</namePart><affiliation>Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</affiliation><affiliation>Nutrition Laboratory, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Zhi</namePart><namePart type="family">Luo</namePart><affiliation>Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</affiliation><affiliation>Nutrition Laboratory, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Han‐Wen</namePart><namePart type="family">Yuan</namePart><affiliation>Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Xiao‐Kang</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><affiliation>Wuhan Yangtze River Mermaid Technology, Wuhan, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-06</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">4</extent><extent unit="tables">5</extent><extent unit="formulas">9</extent><extent unit="references">78</extent><extent unit="words">9027</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">An experiment was conducted to determine effects of feeding levels on growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient deposition, body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients for juvenile Chinese sucker (initial weight, 11.77±0.22 g). Chinese sucker were fed a practical diet from 0% (starvation) to 4.0% (at 0.5% increments) body weight (bw) day−1 for 8 weeks. The results showed that growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient deposition, body composition and ADCs of dry matter, protein and energy were significantly (P<0.05) affected by feeding levels. Survival was the lowest for the starvation group. Final mean body weight, growth rate, thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC) increased with feeding rate from 0% to 3.0% bw day−1 (P<0.05) and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05). Feed conversion rate was significantly lower at a feeding level of 2.5% bw day−1 than above and below the level (P<0.05). Protein efficiency ratio was markedly highest at the 2.5% bw day−1 ration level (P<0.05). Fish fed at the feeding level (1.0% bw day−1), which represented a maintenance ration (energy gain was less than 2.27 kJ fish−1 day−1), showed positive protein deposition but negative lipid deposition. This indicates that fish fed a maintenance ration mobilize body lipid reserve to support protein deposition. Lipid contents of whole body, muscle and liver increased with increasing feeding rates from 0.5% to 3.0% bw day−1 and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05). Protein contents of whole‐body composition increased with feeding rate from 0.5 to 3.0% bw day−1 (P<0.05) and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05), whereas muscle and liver remained relatively stable with the different ration amount with the exception of fish fed a ration of 0.5% bw day−1, at which Chinese sucker possessed significantly lower body protein concentration (P<0.05). The ADCs of dry matter, protein and energy decreased with increasing feeding levels from 0.5% to 3.0% bw day−1 and then remained relatively constant over the level. Based on the broken‐line regression analysis using WG data, the optimum and maintenance feeding levels for Chinese sucker were 3.10% bw day−1 and 0.45% bw day−1 respectively.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Chinese sucker</topic><topic>feeding frequency</topic><topic>growth performance</topic><topic>Myxocyprinus asiaticus</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Aquaculture Research</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1355-557X</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1365-2109</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2109</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ARE</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>41</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1030</start><end>1042</end><total>13</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">44A25F06EB6EF346F8355F313ECBD93D1FD64BF3</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02387.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">ARE2387</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2009 The Authors. 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