Some genetic consequences of ice ages, and their role in divergence and speciation
Identifieur interne : 001371 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001370; suivant : 001372Some genetic consequences of ice ages, and their role in divergence and speciation
Auteurs : Godfrey M. HewittSource :
- Biological Journal of the Linnean Society [ 0024-4066 ] ; 1996.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
The genetic effects of pleistocene ice ages are approached by deduction from paleoenvironmental information, by induction from the genetic structure of populations and species, and by their combination to infer likely consequences. (1) Recent palaeoclimatic information indicate rapid global reversals and changes in ranges of species which would involve elimination with spreading from the edge. Leading edge colonization during a rapid expansion would be leptokurtic and lead to homozygosity and spatial assortment of genomes. In Europe and North America, ice age contractions were into southern refugia, which would promote genome reorganization. (2) The present day genetic structure of species shows frequent geographic subdivision, with parapatric genomes, hybrid zones and suture zones. A survey of recent DNA phylogeographic information supports and extends earlier work. (3) The grasshopperChorthippus parallelusis used to illustrate such data and processes. Its range in Europe is divided on DNA sequences into five parapatric races, with southern genomes showing greater haplotype diversity — probably due to southern mountain blocks acting as refugia and northern expansion reducing diversity. (4) Comparison with other recent studies shows a concordance of such phylogeographic data over pleistocene time scales. (5) The role that ice age range changes may have played in changing adaptations is explored, including the limits of range, rapid change in new invasions and refugial differentiation in a variety of organisms. (6) The effects of these events in causing divergence and speciation are explored usingChorthippusas a paradigm. Repeated contraction and expansion would accumulate genome differences and adaptations, protected from mixing by hybrid zones, and such a composite mode of speciation could apply to many organisms.
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DOI: 10.1006/bijl.1996.0035
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ISTEX:319DEFEE50D2C49308FF5F32279FFB5712CAB2BELe document en format XML
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(1) Recent palaeoclimatic information indicate rapid global reversals and changes in ranges of species which would involve elimination with spreading from the edge. Leading edge colonization during a rapid expansion would be leptokurtic and lead to homozygosity and spatial assortment of genomes. In Europe and North America, ice age contractions were into southern refugia, which would promote genome reorganization. (2) The present day genetic structure of species shows frequent geographic subdivision, with parapatric genomes, hybrid zones and suture zones. A survey of recent DNA phylogeographic information supports and extends earlier work. (3) The grasshopperChorthippus parallelusis used to illustrate such data and processes. Its range in Europe is divided on DNA sequences into five parapatric races, with southern genomes showing greater haplotype diversity — probably due to southern mountain blocks acting as refugia and northern expansion reducing diversity. (4) Comparison with other recent studies shows a concordance of such phylogeographic data over pleistocene time scales. (5) The role that ice age range changes may have played in changing adaptations is explored, including the limits of range, rapid change in new invasions and refugial differentiation in a variety of organisms. (6) The effects of these events in causing divergence and speciation are explored usingChorthippusas a paradigm. Repeated contraction and expansion would accumulate genome differences and adaptations, protected from mixing by hybrid zones, and such a composite mode of speciation could apply to many organisms.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>GODFREY M. 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(4) Comparison with other recent studies shows a concordance of such phylogeographic data over pleistocene time scales. (5) The role that ice age range changes may have played in changing adaptations is explored, including the limits of range, rapid change in new invasions and refugial differentiation in a variety of organisms. (6) The effects of these events in causing divergence and speciation are explored usingChorthippusas a paradigm. Repeated contraction and expansion would accumulate genome differences and adaptations, protected from mixing by hybrid zones, and such a composite mode of speciation could apply to many organisms.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>range changes</term></item><item><term>dispersal</term></item><item><term>refugia</term></item><item><term>population structure</term></item><item><term>hybrid zones</term></item><item><term>phylogeography</term></item><item><term>adaptation</term></item><item><term>DNA sequences</term></item><item><term>biodiversity</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1996">Published</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2016-11-21">References added</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2017-01-16">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/319DEFEE50D2C49308FF5F32279FFB5712CAB2BE/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier converted-article found"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="mis" xml:lang="en"><item-info><jid>YBIJL</jid><aid>90035</aid><ce:pii>S0024-4066(96)90035-8</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1006/bijl.1996.0035</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="other" year="1996"></ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:article-footnote><ce:label>☆</ce:label><ce:note-para>This paper was originally presented to the Birmingham Linnean Society Symposium on ‘The Origins of Species’, September 1994</ce:note-para></ce:article-footnote><ce:dochead><ce:textfn>Regular Paper</ce:textfn></ce:dochead><ce:title>Some genetic consequences of ice ages, and their role in divergence and speciation</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>GODFREY M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>HEWITT</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:affiliation><ce:textfn>Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4<ce:hsp sp="0.2"></ce:hsp>7TJ</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="22" month="3" year="1995"></ce:date-received><ce:date-accepted day="30" month="8" year="1995"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>The genetic effects of pleistocene ice ages are approached by deduction from paleoenvironmental information, by induction from the genetic structure of populations and species, and by their combination to infer likely consequences. (1) Recent palaeoclimatic information indicate rapid global reversals and changes in ranges of species which would involve elimination with spreading from the edge. Leading edge colonization during a rapid expansion would be leptokurtic and lead to homozygosity and spatial assortment of genomes. In Europe and North America, ice age contractions were into southern refugia, which would promote genome reorganization. (2) The present day genetic structure of species shows frequent geographic subdivision, with parapatric genomes, hybrid zones and suture zones. A survey of recent DNA phylogeographic information supports and extends earlier work. (3) The grasshopper<ce:italic>Chorthippus parallelus</ce:italic>is used to illustrate such data and processes. Its range in Europe is divided on DNA sequences into five parapatric races, with southern genomes showing greater haplotype diversity — probably due to southern mountain blocks acting as refugia and northern expansion reducing diversity. (4) Comparison with other recent studies shows a concordance of such phylogeographic data over pleistocene time scales. (5) The role that ice age range changes may have played in changing adaptations is explored, including the limits of range, rapid change in new invasions and refugial differentiation in a variety of organisms. (6) The effects of these events in causing divergence and speciation are explored using<ce:italic>Chorthippus</ce:italic>as a paradigm. 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