The Trouble With Kratom: Analytical and Interpretative Issues Involving Mitragynine.
Identifieur interne : 000398 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000397; suivant : 000399The Trouble With Kratom: Analytical and Interpretative Issues Involving Mitragynine.
Auteurs : Donna M. Papsun ; Ayako Chan-Hosokawa ; Laura Friederich ; Justin Brower ; Kristopher Graf ; Barry LoganSource :
- Journal of analytical toxicology [ 1945-2403 ] ; 2019.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Calibration (MeSH), Chromatography, Liquid (MeSH), Forensic Toxicology (instrumentation), Forensic Toxicology (methods), Humans (MeSH), Mitragyna (chemistry), Receptors, Opioid, mu (agonists), Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids (blood), Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids (chemistry), Sensitivity and Specificity (MeSH), Stereoisomerism (MeSH), Substance Abuse Detection (instrumentation), Substance Abuse Detection (methods), Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , agonists : Receptors, Opioid, mu.
- chemical , blood : Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids.
- chemistry : Mitragyna, Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids.
- instrumentation : Forensic Toxicology, Substance Abuse Detection.
- methods : Forensic Toxicology, Substance Abuse Detection.
- Calibration, Chromatography, Liquid, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, Stereoisomerism, Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
Abstract
Mitragynine is the primary active alkaloid in the leaves of the tropical tree Mitragyna speciosa, and goes by the popular names "Kratom", biak-biak and maeng da. Mitragynine is increasingly seen in forensic toxicology casework including driving under the influence of drugs and medicolegal death investigation cases. The toxicity of mitragynine continues to be debated in the scientific community as advocates highlight its long history of use in Southeast Asia and testimonials to its benefits by present-day users, while opponents point to an increasing number of adverse events tied to mitragynine use in Western societies. Quantitative reports of mitragynine in biological specimens from forensic investigations in the literature are sparse and may be influenced by poor analyte stability and inadequate resolution of mitragynine from its diastereomers, which could lead to falsely elevated concentrations and subsequently render those reported concentrations inappropriate for comparison to a reference range. Over the course of 27 months, 1,001 blood specimens submitted to our laboratory tested positive for mitragynine using a sensitive and specific quantitative LC-MS/MS method; concentrations ranged from 5.6-29,000 ng/mL, with mean and median concentrations of 410 ± 1,124 and 130 ng/mL, respectively. Mitragynine presents an analytical challenge that requires a method that appropriately separates and identifies mitragynine itself from its isomers and other related natural products. We describe a validated analytical method and present a short series of case reports that provide examples of apparent adverse events, and the associated range of mitragynine concentrations. This type of analytical specificity is required to appropriately interpret mitragynine concentrations detected in biological specimens from forensic casework and assess its potential toxicity.
DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkz064
PubMed: 31424079
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:31424079Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The Trouble With Kratom: Analytical and Interpretative Issues Involving Mitragynine.</title><author><name sortKey="Papsun, Donna M" sort="Papsun, Donna M" uniqKey="Papsun D" first="Donna M" last="Papsun">Donna M. Papsun</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, 200 Welsh Rd, Horsham, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan Hosokawa, Ayako" sort="Chan Hosokawa, Ayako" uniqKey="Chan Hosokawa A" first="Ayako" last="Chan-Hosokawa">Ayako Chan-Hosokawa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, 200 Welsh Rd, Horsham, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friederich, Laura" sort="Friederich, Laura" uniqKey="Friederich L" first="Laura" last="Friederich">Laura Friederich</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>North Carolina Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, 4312 District Dr, Raleigh, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brower, Justin" sort="Brower, Justin" uniqKey="Brower J" first="Justin" last="Brower">Justin Brower</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>North Carolina Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, 4312 District Dr, Raleigh, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graf, Kristopher" sort="Graf, Kristopher" uniqKey="Graf K" first="Kristopher" last="Graf">Kristopher Graf</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, 200 Welsh Rd, Horsham, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Logan, Barry" sort="Logan, Barry" uniqKey="Logan B" first="Barry" last="Logan">Barry Logan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, 200 Welsh Rd, Horsham, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE), 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:31424079</idno><idno type="pmid">31424079</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/jat/bkz064</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000398</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000398</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">The Trouble With Kratom: Analytical and Interpretative Issues Involving Mitragynine.</title><author><name sortKey="Papsun, Donna M" sort="Papsun, Donna M" uniqKey="Papsun D" first="Donna M" last="Papsun">Donna M. Papsun</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, 200 Welsh Rd, Horsham, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan Hosokawa, Ayako" sort="Chan Hosokawa, Ayako" uniqKey="Chan Hosokawa A" first="Ayako" last="Chan-Hosokawa">Ayako Chan-Hosokawa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, 200 Welsh Rd, Horsham, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friederich, Laura" sort="Friederich, Laura" uniqKey="Friederich L" first="Laura" last="Friederich">Laura Friederich</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>North Carolina Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, 4312 District Dr, Raleigh, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brower, Justin" sort="Brower, Justin" uniqKey="Brower J" first="Justin" last="Brower">Justin Brower</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>North Carolina Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, 4312 District Dr, Raleigh, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graf, Kristopher" sort="Graf, Kristopher" uniqKey="Graf K" first="Kristopher" last="Graf">Kristopher Graf</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, 200 Welsh Rd, Horsham, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Logan, Barry" sort="Logan, Barry" uniqKey="Logan B" first="Barry" last="Logan">Barry Logan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, 200 Welsh Rd, Horsham, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE), 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of analytical toxicology</title><idno type="eISSN">1945-2403</idno><imprint><date when="2019" type="published">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Calibration (MeSH)</term><term>Chromatography, Liquid (MeSH)</term><term>Forensic Toxicology (instrumentation)</term><term>Forensic Toxicology (methods)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Mitragyna (chemistry)</term><term>Receptors, Opioid, mu (agonists)</term><term>Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids (blood)</term><term>Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids (chemistry)</term><term>Sensitivity and Specificity (MeSH)</term><term>Stereoisomerism (MeSH)</term><term>Substance Abuse Detection (instrumentation)</term><term>Substance Abuse Detection (methods)</term><term>Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="agonists" xml:lang="en"><term>Receptors, Opioid, mu</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Mitragyna</term><term>Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="instrumentation" xml:lang="en"><term>Forensic Toxicology</term><term>Substance Abuse Detection</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Forensic Toxicology</term><term>Substance Abuse Detection</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Calibration</term><term>Chromatography, Liquid</term><term>Humans</term><term>Sensitivity and Specificity</term><term>Stereoisomerism</term><term>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Mitragynine is the primary active alkaloid in the leaves of the tropical tree Mitragyna speciosa, and goes by the popular names "Kratom", biak-biak and maeng da. Mitragynine is increasingly seen in forensic toxicology casework including driving under the influence of drugs and medicolegal death investigation cases. The toxicity of mitragynine continues to be debated in the scientific community as advocates highlight its long history of use in Southeast Asia and testimonials to its benefits by present-day users, while opponents point to an increasing number of adverse events tied to mitragynine use in Western societies. Quantitative reports of mitragynine in biological specimens from forensic investigations in the literature are sparse and may be influenced by poor analyte stability and inadequate resolution of mitragynine from its diastereomers, which could lead to falsely elevated concentrations and subsequently render those reported concentrations inappropriate for comparison to a reference range. Over the course of 27 months, 1,001 blood specimens submitted to our laboratory tested positive for mitragynine using a sensitive and specific quantitative LC-MS/MS method; concentrations ranged from 5.6-29,000 ng/mL, with mean and median concentrations of 410 ± 1,124 and 130 ng/mL, respectively. Mitragynine presents an analytical challenge that requires a method that appropriately separates and identifies mitragynine itself from its isomers and other related natural products. We describe a validated analytical method and present a short series of case reports that provide examples of apparent adverse events, and the associated range of mitragynine concentrations. This type of analytical specificity is required to appropriately interpret mitragynine concentrations detected in biological specimens from forensic casework and assess its potential toxicity.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">31424079</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>10</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1945-2403</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>43</Volume><Issue>8</Issue><PubDate><Year>2019</Year><Month>Sep</Month><Day>10</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of analytical toxicology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Anal Toxicol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The Trouble With Kratom: Analytical and Interpretative Issues Involving Mitragynine.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>615-629</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/jat/bkz064</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Mitragynine is the primary active alkaloid in the leaves of the tropical tree Mitragyna speciosa, and goes by the popular names "Kratom", biak-biak and maeng da. Mitragynine is increasingly seen in forensic toxicology casework including driving under the influence of drugs and medicolegal death investigation cases. The toxicity of mitragynine continues to be debated in the scientific community as advocates highlight its long history of use in Southeast Asia and testimonials to its benefits by present-day users, while opponents point to an increasing number of adverse events tied to mitragynine use in Western societies. Quantitative reports of mitragynine in biological specimens from forensic investigations in the literature are sparse and may be influenced by poor analyte stability and inadequate resolution of mitragynine from its diastereomers, which could lead to falsely elevated concentrations and subsequently render those reported concentrations inappropriate for comparison to a reference range. Over the course of 27 months, 1,001 blood specimens submitted to our laboratory tested positive for mitragynine using a sensitive and specific quantitative LC-MS/MS method; concentrations ranged from 5.6-29,000 ng/mL, with mean and median concentrations of 410 ± 1,124 and 130 ng/mL, respectively. Mitragynine presents an analytical challenge that requires a method that appropriately separates and identifies mitragynine itself from its isomers and other related natural products. We describe a validated analytical method and present a short series of case reports that provide examples of apparent adverse events, and the associated range of mitragynine concentrations. This type of analytical specificity is required to appropriately interpret mitragynine concentrations detected in biological specimens from forensic casework and assess its potential toxicity.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Papsun</LastName><ForeName>Donna M</ForeName><Initials>DM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NMS Labs, 200 Welsh Rd, Horsham, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chan-Hosokawa</LastName><ForeName>Ayako</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NMS Labs, 200 Welsh Rd, Horsham, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Friederich</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>North Carolina Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, 4312 District Dr, Raleigh, NC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brower</LastName><ForeName>Justin</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>North Carolina Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, 4312 District Dr, Raleigh, NC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Graf</LastName><ForeName>Kristopher</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NMS Labs, 200 Welsh Rd, Horsham, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Logan</LastName><ForeName>Barry</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NMS Labs, 200 Welsh Rd, Horsham, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE), 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>J Anal Toxicol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7705085</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0146-4760</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D017450">Receptors, Opioid, mu</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D046948">Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EP479K822J</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C001801">mitragynine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002138" MajorTopicYN="N">Calibration</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002853" MajorTopicYN="N">Chromatography, Liquid</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053593" MajorTopicYN="N">Forensic Toxicology</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000295" MajorTopicYN="N">instrumentation</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D032065" MajorTopicYN="N">Mitragyna</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="Y">chemistry</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017450" MajorTopicYN="N">Receptors, Opioid, mu</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000819" MajorTopicYN="N">agonists</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D046948" MajorTopicYN="N">Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="Y">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012680" MajorTopicYN="N">Sensitivity and Specificity</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013237" MajorTopicYN="N">Stereoisomerism</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015813" MajorTopicYN="N">Substance Abuse Detection</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000295" MajorTopicYN="N">instrumentation</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053719" MajorTopicYN="N">Tandem Mass Spectrometry</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2019</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2019</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2019</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>23</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2019</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>20</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2019</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>20</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31424079</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">5550863</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1093/jat/bkz064</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Bois/explor/WillowV1/Data/Main/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000398 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000398 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Bois
|area= WillowV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:31424079
|texte= The Trouble With Kratom: Analytical and Interpretative Issues Involving Mitragynine.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:31424079" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a WillowV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.37. |  |