Formation of droplets of alternating composition in microfluidic channels and applications to indexing of concentrations in droplet-based assays.
Identifieur interne : 000431 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000430; suivant : 000432Formation of droplets of alternating composition in microfluidic channels and applications to indexing of concentrations in droplet-based assays.
Auteurs : Bo Zheng ; Joshua D. Tice ; Rustem F. IsmagilovSource :
- Analytical chemistry [ 0003-2700 ] ; 2004.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : Plant Proteins.
- chemical , chemistry : Calcium, Solutions.
- methods : Microfluidics.
- Crystallization, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques.
Abstract
For screening the conditions for a reaction by using droplets (or plugs) as microreactors, the composition of the droplets must be indexed. Indexing here refers to measuring the concentration of a solute by addition of a marker, either internal or external. Indexing may be performed by forming droplet pairs, where in each pair the first droplet is used to conduct the reaction, and the second droplet is used to index the composition of the first droplet. This paper characterizes a method for creating droplet pairs by generating alternating droplets, of two sets of aqueous solutions in a flow of immiscible carrier fluid within PDMS and glass microfluidic channels. The paper also demonstrates that the technique can be used to index the composition of the droplets, and this application is illustrated by screening conditions of protein crystallization. The fluid properties required to form the steady flow of the alternating droplets in a microchannel were characterized as a function of the capillary number Ca and water fraction. Four regimes were observed. At the lowest values of Ca, the droplets of the two streams coalesced; at intermediate values of Ca the alternating droplets formed reliably. At even higher values of Ca, shear forces dominated and caused formation of droplets that were smaller than the cross-sectional dimension of the channel; at the highest values of Ca, coflowing laminar streams of the two immiscible fluids formed. In addition to screening of protein crystallization conditions, understanding of the fluid flow in this system may extend this indexing approach to other chemical and biological assays performed on a microfluidic chip.
DOI: 10.1021/ac0495743
PubMed: 15373431
PubMed Central: PMC1766978
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pubmed:15373431Le document en format XML
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Ismagilov</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2004">2004</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:15373431</idno><idno type="pmid">15373431</idno><idno type="doi">10.1021/ac0495743</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC1766978</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000431</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000431</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Formation of droplets of alternating composition in microfluidic channels and applications to indexing of concentrations in droplet-based assays.</title><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Bo" sort="Zheng, Bo" uniqKey="Zheng B" first="Bo" last="Zheng">Bo Zheng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tice, Joshua D" sort="Tice, Joshua D" uniqKey="Tice J" first="Joshua D" last="Tice">Joshua D. Tice</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ismagilov, Rustem F" sort="Ismagilov, Rustem F" uniqKey="Ismagilov R" first="Rustem F" last="Ismagilov">Rustem F. Ismagilov</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Analytical chemistry</title><idno type="ISSN">0003-2700</idno><imprint><date when="2004" type="published">2004</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Calcium (chemistry)</term><term>Crystallization (MeSH)</term><term>Microfluidic Analytical Techniques (MeSH)</term><term>Microfluidics (methods)</term><term>Plant Proteins (analysis)</term><term>Solutions (chemistry)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Proteins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Calcium</term><term>Solutions</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Microfluidics</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Crystallization</term><term>Microfluidic Analytical Techniques</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">For screening the conditions for a reaction by using droplets (or plugs) as microreactors, the composition of the droplets must be indexed. Indexing here refers to measuring the concentration of a solute by addition of a marker, either internal or external. Indexing may be performed by forming droplet pairs, where in each pair the first droplet is used to conduct the reaction, and the second droplet is used to index the composition of the first droplet. This paper characterizes a method for creating droplet pairs by generating alternating droplets, of two sets of aqueous solutions in a flow of immiscible carrier fluid within PDMS and glass microfluidic channels. The paper also demonstrates that the technique can be used to index the composition of the droplets, and this application is illustrated by screening conditions of protein crystallization. The fluid properties required to form the steady flow of the alternating droplets in a microchannel were characterized as a function of the capillary number Ca and water fraction. Four regimes were observed. At the lowest values of Ca, the droplets of the two streams coalesced; at intermediate values of Ca the alternating droplets formed reliably. At even higher values of Ca, shear forces dominated and caused formation of droplets that were smaller than the cross-sectional dimension of the channel; at the highest values of Ca, coflowing laminar streams of the two immiscible fluids formed. In addition to screening of protein crystallization conditions, understanding of the fluid flow in this system may extend this indexing approach to other chemical and biological assays performed on a microfluidic chip.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">15373431</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2006</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>02</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0003-2700</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>76</Volume><Issue>17</Issue><PubDate><Year>2004</Year><Month>Sep</Month><Day>01</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Analytical chemistry</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Anal Chem</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Formation of droplets of alternating composition in microfluidic channels and applications to indexing of concentrations in droplet-based assays.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>4977-82</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>For screening the conditions for a reaction by using droplets (or plugs) as microreactors, the composition of the droplets must be indexed. Indexing here refers to measuring the concentration of a solute by addition of a marker, either internal or external. Indexing may be performed by forming droplet pairs, where in each pair the first droplet is used to conduct the reaction, and the second droplet is used to index the composition of the first droplet. This paper characterizes a method for creating droplet pairs by generating alternating droplets, of two sets of aqueous solutions in a flow of immiscible carrier fluid within PDMS and glass microfluidic channels. The paper also demonstrates that the technique can be used to index the composition of the droplets, and this application is illustrated by screening conditions of protein crystallization. The fluid properties required to form the steady flow of the alternating droplets in a microchannel were characterized as a function of the capillary number Ca and water fraction. Four regimes were observed. At the lowest values of Ca, the droplets of the two streams coalesced; at intermediate values of Ca the alternating droplets formed reliably. At even higher values of Ca, shear forces dominated and caused formation of droplets that were smaller than the cross-sectional dimension of the channel; at the highest values of Ca, coflowing laminar streams of the two immiscible fluids formed. 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