Mechanisms of long-distance dispersal of seeds by wind.
Identifieur interne : 004616 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 004615; suivant : 004617Mechanisms of long-distance dispersal of seeds by wind.
Auteurs : Ran Nathan ; Gabriel G. Katul ; Henry S. Horn ; Suvi M. Thomas ; Ram Oren ; Roni Avissar ; Stephen W. Pacala ; Simon A. LevinSource :
- Nature [ 0028-0836 ] ; 2002.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
Abstract
Long-distance dispersal (LDD) is central to species expansion following climate change, re-colonization of disturbed areas and control of pests. The current paradigm is that the frequency and spatial extent of LDD events are extremely difficult to predict. Here we show that mechanistic models coupling seed release and aerodynamics with turbulent transport processes provide accurate probabilistic descriptions of LDD of seeds by wind. The proposed model reliably predicts the vertical distribution of dispersed seeds of five tree species observed along a 45-m high tower in an eastern US deciduous forest. Simulations show that uplifting above the forest canopy is necessary and sufficient for LDD, hence, they provide the means to define LDD quantitatively rather than arbitrarily. Seed uplifting probability thus sets an upper bound on the probability of long-distance colonization. Uplifted yellow poplar seeds are on average lighter than seeds at the forest floor, but also include the heaviest seeds. Because uplifting probabilities are appreciable (as much as 1 5%), and tree seed crops are commonly massive, some LDD events will establish individuals that can critically affect plant dynamics on large scales.
DOI: 10.1038/nature00844
PubMed: 12140556
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pubmed:12140556Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Nathan, Ran" sort="Nathan, Ran" uniqKey="Nathan R" first="Ran" last="Nathan">Ran Nathan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel. rnathan@bgumail.bgu.ac.il</nlm:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Katul, Gabriel G" sort="Katul, Gabriel G" uniqKey="Katul G" first="Gabriel G" last="Katul">Gabriel G. Katul</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Horn, Henry S" sort="Horn, Henry S" uniqKey="Horn H" first="Henry S" last="Horn">Henry S. Horn</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Suvi M" sort="Thomas, Suvi M" uniqKey="Thomas S" first="Suvi M" last="Thomas">Suvi M. Thomas</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Oren, Ram" sort="Oren, Ram" uniqKey="Oren R" first="Ram" last="Oren">Ram Oren</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Avissar, Roni" sort="Avissar, Roni" uniqKey="Avissar R" first="Roni" last="Avissar">Roni Avissar</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Pacala, Stephen W" sort="Pacala, Stephen W" uniqKey="Pacala S" first="Stephen W" last="Pacala">Stephen W. Pacala</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Levin, Simon A" sort="Levin, Simon A" uniqKey="Levin S" first="Simon A" last="Levin">Simon A. Levin</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Mechanisms of long-distance dispersal of seeds by wind.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Nathan, Ran" sort="Nathan, Ran" uniqKey="Nathan R" first="Ran" last="Nathan">Ran Nathan</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Horn, Henry S" sort="Horn, Henry S" uniqKey="Horn H" first="Henry S" last="Horn">Henry S. Horn</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Suvi M" sort="Thomas, Suvi M" uniqKey="Thomas S" first="Suvi M" last="Thomas">Suvi M. Thomas</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Oren, Ram" sort="Oren, Ram" uniqKey="Oren R" first="Ram" last="Oren">Ram Oren</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Avissar, Roni" sort="Avissar, Roni" uniqKey="Avissar R" first="Roni" last="Avissar">Roni Avissar</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Pacala, Stephen W" sort="Pacala, Stephen W" uniqKey="Pacala S" first="Stephen W" last="Pacala">Stephen W. Pacala</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Levin, Simon A" sort="Levin, Simon A" uniqKey="Levin S" first="Simon A" last="Levin">Simon A. Levin</name>
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<term>Trees (physiology)</term>
<term>Wind (MeSH)</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Trees</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Computer Simulation</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Long-distance dispersal (LDD) is central to species expansion following climate change, re-colonization of disturbed areas and control of pests. The current paradigm is that the frequency and spatial extent of LDD events are extremely difficult to predict. Here we show that mechanistic models coupling seed release and aerodynamics with turbulent transport processes provide accurate probabilistic descriptions of LDD of seeds by wind. The proposed model reliably predicts the vertical distribution of dispersed seeds of five tree species observed along a 45-m high tower in an eastern US deciduous forest. Simulations show that uplifting above the forest canopy is necessary and sufficient for LDD, hence, they provide the means to define LDD quantitatively rather than arbitrarily. Seed uplifting probability thus sets an upper bound on the probability of long-distance colonization. Uplifted yellow poplar seeds are on average lighter than seeds at the forest floor, but also include the heaviest seeds. Because uplifting probabilities are appreciable (as much as 1 5%), and tree seed crops are commonly massive, some LDD events will establish individuals that can critically affect plant dynamics on large scales.</div>
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<Abstract><AbstractText>Long-distance dispersal (LDD) is central to species expansion following climate change, re-colonization of disturbed areas and control of pests. The current paradigm is that the frequency and spatial extent of LDD events are extremely difficult to predict. Here we show that mechanistic models coupling seed release and aerodynamics with turbulent transport processes provide accurate probabilistic descriptions of LDD of seeds by wind. The proposed model reliably predicts the vertical distribution of dispersed seeds of five tree species observed along a 45-m high tower in an eastern US deciduous forest. Simulations show that uplifting above the forest canopy is necessary and sufficient for LDD, hence, they provide the means to define LDD quantitatively rather than arbitrarily. Seed uplifting probability thus sets an upper bound on the probability of long-distance colonization. Uplifted yellow poplar seeds are on average lighter than seeds at the forest floor, but also include the heaviest seeds. Because uplifting probabilities are appreciable (as much as 1 5%), and tree seed crops are commonly massive, some LDD events will establish individuals that can critically affect plant dynamics on large scales.</AbstractText>
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