Effect of poplar-type propolis on oxidative stability and rheological properties of O/W emulsions.
Identifieur interne : 000B41 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000B40; suivant : 000B42Effect of poplar-type propolis on oxidative stability and rheological properties of O/W emulsions.
Auteurs : Soukaina El-Guendouz ; Smail Aazza ; Badiaa Lyoussi ; Nessrine Majdoub ; Vassya Bankova ; Milena Popova ; Sara Raposo ; Maria Dulce Antunes ; Maria Graça MiguelSource :
- Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society [ 1319-0164 ] ; 2018.
Abstract
Propolis is known to possess antioxidant activity. However, there is no information on this activity in emulsions O/W. The protective effect of propolis on the oxidation and rheological properties of emulsions O/W containing wheat germ and almond oils was evaluated. Emulsions O/W were prepared with different concentration of propolis extract, almond oil and wheat germ oil. All emulsions physically stable without phase separation were stored at 37 °C for 9 weeks. Chemical composition of propolis was established by Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Rheological characterization of different emulsions was performed evaluating consistency index and flow behavior index. The oxidation was monitored by measuring the lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) methods. Flavonoids, phenolic acid esters, and aromatic acids were the main groups of compounds found in propolis. The results showed that popolis was good antioxidant in the concentration of 0.02 and 0.04% when lipid phase was constituted by almond oil. The rheological behavior is typical of a non-Newtonian fluid, being almond oil more adequate for having a higher stable O/W emulsion.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.05.017
PubMed: 30532627
PubMed Central: PMC6260493
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:30532627Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Effect of poplar-type propolis on oxidative stability and rheological properties of O/W emulsions.</title><author><name sortKey="El Guendouz, Soukaina" sort="El Guendouz, Soukaina" uniqKey="El Guendouz S" first="Soukaina" last="El-Guendouz">Soukaina El-Guendouz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Physiology-Pharmacology-Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, MeditBio, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aazza, Smail" sort="Aazza, Smail" uniqKey="Aazza S" first="Smail" last="Aazza">Smail Aazza</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Physiology-Pharmacology-Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, MeditBio, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyoussi, Badiaa" sort="Lyoussi, Badiaa" uniqKey="Lyoussi B" first="Badiaa" last="Lyoussi">Badiaa Lyoussi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Physiology-Pharmacology-Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Majdoub, Nessrine" sort="Majdoub, Nessrine" uniqKey="Majdoub N" first="Nessrine" last="Majdoub">Nessrine Majdoub</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, MeditBio, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bankova, Vassya" sort="Bankova, Vassya" uniqKey="Bankova V" first="Vassya" last="Bankova">Vassya Bankova</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Acad. G. Bonchev strl. bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Popova, Milena" sort="Popova, Milena" uniqKey="Popova M" first="Milena" last="Popova">Milena Popova</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Acad. G. Bonchev strl. bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raposo, Sara" sort="Raposo, Sara" uniqKey="Raposo S" first="Sara" last="Raposo">Sara Raposo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Antunes, Maria Dulce" sort="Antunes, Maria Dulce" uniqKey="Antunes M" first="Maria Dulce" last="Antunes">Maria Dulce Antunes</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CEOT, MeditBio, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miguel, Maria Graca" sort="Miguel, Maria Graca" uniqKey="Miguel M" first="Maria Graça" last="Miguel">Maria Graça Miguel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, MeditBio, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2018">2018</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:30532627</idno><idno type="pmid">30532627</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.jsps.2018.05.017</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC6260493</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000B41</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000B41</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Effect of poplar-type propolis on oxidative stability and rheological properties of O/W emulsions.</title><author><name sortKey="El Guendouz, Soukaina" sort="El Guendouz, Soukaina" uniqKey="El Guendouz S" first="Soukaina" last="El-Guendouz">Soukaina El-Guendouz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Physiology-Pharmacology-Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, MeditBio, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aazza, Smail" sort="Aazza, Smail" uniqKey="Aazza S" first="Smail" last="Aazza">Smail Aazza</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Physiology-Pharmacology-Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, MeditBio, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyoussi, Badiaa" sort="Lyoussi, Badiaa" uniqKey="Lyoussi B" first="Badiaa" last="Lyoussi">Badiaa Lyoussi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Physiology-Pharmacology-Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Majdoub, Nessrine" sort="Majdoub, Nessrine" uniqKey="Majdoub N" first="Nessrine" last="Majdoub">Nessrine Majdoub</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, MeditBio, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bankova, Vassya" sort="Bankova, Vassya" uniqKey="Bankova V" first="Vassya" last="Bankova">Vassya Bankova</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Acad. G. Bonchev strl. bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Popova, Milena" sort="Popova, Milena" uniqKey="Popova M" first="Milena" last="Popova">Milena Popova</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Acad. G. Bonchev strl. bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raposo, Sara" sort="Raposo, Sara" uniqKey="Raposo S" first="Sara" last="Raposo">Sara Raposo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Antunes, Maria Dulce" sort="Antunes, Maria Dulce" uniqKey="Antunes M" first="Maria Dulce" last="Antunes">Maria Dulce Antunes</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CEOT, MeditBio, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miguel, Maria Graca" sort="Miguel, Maria Graca" uniqKey="Miguel M" first="Maria Graça" last="Miguel">Maria Graça Miguel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, MeditBio, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society</title><idno type="ISSN">1319-0164</idno><imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Propolis is known to possess antioxidant activity. However, there is no information on this activity in emulsions O/W. The protective effect of propolis on the oxidation and rheological properties of emulsions O/W containing wheat germ and almond oils was evaluated. Emulsions O/W were prepared with different concentration of propolis extract, almond oil and wheat germ oil. All emulsions physically stable without phase separation were stored at 37 °C for 9 weeks. Chemical composition of propolis was established by Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Rheological characterization of different emulsions was performed evaluating consistency index and flow behavior index. The oxidation was monitored by measuring the lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) methods. Flavonoids, phenolic acid esters, and aromatic acids were the main groups of compounds found in propolis. The results showed that popolis was good antioxidant in the concentration of 0.02 and 0.04% when lipid phase was constituted by almond oil. The rheological behavior is typical of a non-Newtonian fluid, being almond oil more adequate for having a higher stable O/W emulsion.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">30532627</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>30</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1319-0164</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>26</Volume><Issue>8</Issue><PubDate><Year>2018</Year><Month>Dec</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Saudi Pharm J</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Effect of poplar-type propolis on oxidative stability and rheological properties of O/W emulsions.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1073-1082</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.jsps.2018.05.017</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Propolis is known to possess antioxidant activity. However, there is no information on this activity in emulsions O/W. The protective effect of propolis on the oxidation and rheological properties of emulsions O/W containing wheat germ and almond oils was evaluated. Emulsions O/W were prepared with different concentration of propolis extract, almond oil and wheat germ oil. All emulsions physically stable without phase separation were stored at 37 °C for 9 weeks. Chemical composition of propolis was established by Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Rheological characterization of different emulsions was performed evaluating consistency index and flow behavior index. The oxidation was monitored by measuring the lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) methods. Flavonoids, phenolic acid esters, and aromatic acids were the main groups of compounds found in propolis. The results showed that popolis was good antioxidant in the concentration of 0.02 and 0.04% when lipid phase was constituted by almond oil. The rheological behavior is typical of a non-Newtonian fluid, being almond oil more adequate for having a higher stable O/W emulsion.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>El-Guendouz</LastName><ForeName>Soukaina</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Physiology-Pharmacology-Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, MeditBio, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aazza</LastName><ForeName>Smail</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Physiology-Pharmacology-Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, MeditBio, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lyoussi</LastName><ForeName>Badiaa</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Physiology-Pharmacology-Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Majdoub</LastName><ForeName>Nessrine</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, MeditBio, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bankova</LastName><ForeName>Vassya</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Acad. G. Bonchev strl. bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Popova</LastName><ForeName>Milena</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Acad. G. Bonchev strl. bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raposo</LastName><ForeName>Sara</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Antunes</LastName><ForeName>Maria Dulce</ForeName><Initials>MD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CEOT, MeditBio, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Miguel</LastName><ForeName>Maria Graça</ForeName><Initials>MG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, MeditBio, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2018</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>29</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Saudi Arabia</Country><MedlineTA>Saudi Pharm J</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9705695</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1319-0164</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Almond oil</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Emulsion</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Flavonoids</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Natural antioxidant</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Phenolic acid esters</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Wheat germ oil</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2017</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>31</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2018</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>27</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30532627</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.jsps.2018.05.017</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1319-0164(18)30118-X</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6260493</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Z Naturforsch C. 2002 May-Jun;57(5-6):530-3</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12132697</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proteome Sci. 2011 Dec 07;9:74</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22152088</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Food Chem. 2015 Sep 1;182:95-104</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25842314</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Cosmet Sci. 2011 Jul-Aug;62(4):371-82</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21982352</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Anal Chim Acta. 2009 Mar 2;635(1):115-20</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19200487</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Food Chem. 2016 Apr 1;196:1215-23</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26593609</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Molecules. 2016 Sep 09;21(9):</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27618006</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Jan;48(1):76-82</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19766694</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Phytother Res. 2016 Jun;30(6):894-905</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26988443</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Food Chem Toxicol. 1998 Apr;36(4):347-63</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9651052</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Food Chem. 2015 Dec 15;189:80-5</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26190604</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007 Sep 1;223(2):164-72</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17604070</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>ScientificWorldJournal. 2013 Aug 24;2013:153695</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24058284</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Control Release. 2013 Oct 28;171(2):122-32</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23831051</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2005 Aug 11;8(2):299-315</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16124940</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Bois/explor/PoplarV1/Data/Main/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000B41 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000B41 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Bois
|area= PoplarV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:30532627
|texte= Effect of poplar-type propolis on oxidative stability and rheological properties of O/W emulsions.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:30532627" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a PoplarV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.37. |  |