Herbal Medicines for Treating Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Identifieur interne : 000415 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000414; suivant : 000416Herbal Medicines for Treating Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Auteurs : Soobin Jang [Corée du Sud] ; Bo-Hyoung Jang [Corée du Sud] ; Youme Ko [Corée du Sud] ; Yui Sasaki [Corée du Sud] ; Jeong-Su Park [Corée du Sud] ; Eui-Hyoung Hwang [Corée du Sud] ; Yun-Kyung Song [Corée du Sud] ; Yong-Cheol Shin [Corée du Sud] ; Seong-Gyu Ko [Corée du Sud]Source :
- Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM [ 1741-427X ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2016/5936402
PubMed: 27413388
PubMed Central: 4930818
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Herbal Medicines for Treating Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials</title><author><name sortKey="Jang, Soobin" sort="Jang, Soobin" uniqKey="Jang S" first="Soobin" last="Jang">Soobin Jang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Korean Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Korean Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jang, Bo Hyoung" sort="Jang, Bo Hyoung" uniqKey="Jang B" first="Bo-Hyoung" last="Jang">Bo-Hyoung Jang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ko, Youme" sort="Ko, Youme" uniqKey="Ko Y" first="Youme" last="Ko">Youme Ko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Korean Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Korean Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sasaki, Yui" sort="Sasaki, Yui" uniqKey="Sasaki Y" first="Yui" last="Sasaki">Yui Sasaki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Korean Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Korean Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Jeong Su" sort="Park, Jeong Su" uniqKey="Park J" first="Jeong-Su" last="Park">Jeong-Su Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Healthcare Safety Research, National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul 04554, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Healthcare Safety Research, National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul 04554</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hwang, Eui Hyoung" sort="Hwang, Eui Hyoung" uniqKey="Hwang E" first="Eui-Hyoung" last="Hwang">Eui-Hyoung Hwang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Third Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Third Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Yun Kyung" sort="Song, Yun Kyung" uniqKey="Song Y" first="Yun-Kyung" last="Song">Yun-Kyung Song</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Yong Cheol" sort="Shin, Yong Cheol" uniqKey="Shin Y" first="Yong-Cheol" last="Shin">Yong-Cheol Shin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ko, Seong Gyu" sort="Ko, Seong Gyu" uniqKey="Ko S" first="Seong-Gyu" last="Ko">Seong-Gyu Ko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27413388</idno><idno type="pmc">4930818</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4930818</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4930818</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2016/5936402</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000416</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000415</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Herbal Medicines for Treating Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials</title><author><name sortKey="Jang, Soobin" sort="Jang, Soobin" uniqKey="Jang S" first="Soobin" last="Jang">Soobin Jang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Korean Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Korean Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jang, Bo Hyoung" sort="Jang, Bo Hyoung" uniqKey="Jang B" first="Bo-Hyoung" last="Jang">Bo-Hyoung Jang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ko, Youme" sort="Ko, Youme" uniqKey="Ko Y" first="Youme" last="Ko">Youme Ko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Korean Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Korean Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sasaki, Yui" sort="Sasaki, Yui" uniqKey="Sasaki Y" first="Yui" last="Sasaki">Yui Sasaki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Korean Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Korean Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Jeong Su" sort="Park, Jeong Su" uniqKey="Park J" first="Jeong-Su" last="Park">Jeong-Su Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Healthcare Safety Research, National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul 04554, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Healthcare Safety Research, National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul 04554</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hwang, Eui Hyoung" sort="Hwang, Eui Hyoung" uniqKey="Hwang E" first="Eui-Hyoung" last="Hwang">Eui-Hyoung Hwang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Third Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Third Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Yun Kyung" sort="Song, Yun Kyung" uniqKey="Song Y" first="Yun-Kyung" last="Song">Yun-Kyung Song</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Yong Cheol" sort="Shin, Yong Cheol" uniqKey="Shin Y" first="Yong-Cheol" last="Shin">Yong-Cheol Shin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ko, Seong Gyu" sort="Ko, Seong Gyu" uniqKey="Ko S" first="Seong-Gyu" last="Ko">Seong-Gyu Ko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM</title><idno type="ISSN">1741-427X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1741-4288</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Objective</italic>. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines in the management of metabolic syndrome.<italic> Materials and Methods</italic>. On December 9, 2015, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, AMED, CNKI, KoreaMed, KMBASE, OASIS, and J-STAGE with no restriction on language or published year. We selected randomized controlled trials that involved patients with metabolic syndrome being treated with herbal medicines as intervention. The main keywords were “Chinese herbal medicines”, “metabolic syndrome”, and “randomized controlled trials”. Herbal substances which were not based on East Asian medical theory, combination therapy with western medicines, and concurrent diseases other than metabolic syndrome were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane's “Risk of Bias” tool. The protocol or review was registered in PROSPERO (an international prospective register of systematic reviews) (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42014006842">CRD42014006842</ext-link>).<italic> Results</italic>. From 1,098 articles, 12 RCTs were included in this review: five trials studied herbal medicines versus a placebo or no treatment, and seven trials studied herbal medicines versus western medicines. Herbal medicines were effective on decreasing waist circumference, blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure.<italic> Conclusion</italic>. This study suggests the possibility that herbal medicines can be complementary and alternative medicines for metabolic syndrome.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eckel, R H" uniqKey="Eckel R">R. H. Eckel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grundy, S M" uniqKey="Grundy S">S. M. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ECAM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1741-427X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1741-4288</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27413388</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4930818</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2016/5936402</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Herbal Medicines for Treating Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0943-9290</contrib-id><name><surname>Jang</surname><given-names>Soobin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2141-3483</contrib-id><name><surname>Jang</surname><given-names>Bo-Hyoung</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ko</surname><given-names>Youme</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sasaki</surname><given-names>Yui</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1834-0823</contrib-id><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>Jeong-Su</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hwang</surname><given-names>Eui-Hyoung</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Song</surname><given-names>Yun-Kyung</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I5"><sup>5</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>Yong-Cheol</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2345-430X</contrib-id><name><surname>Ko</surname><given-names>Seong-Gyu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor2"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Korean Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>Department of Healthcare Safety Research, National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul 04554, Republic of Korea</aff><aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>Third Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea</aff><aff id="I5"><sup>5</sup>Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Yun-Kyung Song: <email>oxyzen@korea.com</email> and </corresp><corresp id="cor2">*Seong-Gyu Ko: <email>epiko@khu.ac.kr</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Chris Zaslawski</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>6</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>19</day><month>6</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>2016</volume><elocation-id>5936402</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>19</day><month>1</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>11</day><month>5</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016 Soobin Jang et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><italic>Objective</italic>. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines in the management of metabolic syndrome.<italic> Materials and Methods</italic>. On December 9, 2015, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, AMED, CNKI, KoreaMed, KMBASE, OASIS, and J-STAGE with no restriction on language or published year. We selected randomized controlled trials that involved patients with metabolic syndrome being treated with herbal medicines as intervention. The main keywords were “Chinese herbal medicines”, “metabolic syndrome”, and “randomized controlled trials”. Herbal substances which were not based on East Asian medical theory, combination therapy with western medicines, and concurrent diseases other than metabolic syndrome were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane's “Risk of Bias” tool. The protocol or review was registered in PROSPERO (an international prospective register of systematic reviews) (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42014006842">CRD42014006842</ext-link>).<italic> Results</italic>. From 1,098 articles, 12 RCTs were included in this review: five trials studied herbal medicines versus a placebo or no treatment, and seven trials studied herbal medicines versus western medicines. Herbal medicines were effective on decreasing waist circumference, blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure.<italic> Conclusion</italic>. This study suggests the possibility that herbal medicines can be complementary and alternative medicines for metabolic syndrome.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>The PRISMA flow diagram of study selection.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ECAM2016-5936402.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Forest plot for fasting plasma glucose (FPG).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ECAM2016-5936402.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Forest plot for triglycerides (TG).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ECAM2016-5936402.003"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Forest plot for systolic blood pressure (SBP).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ECAM2016-5936402.004"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Forest plot for diastolic blood pressure (DBP).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ECAM2016-5936402.005"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p>(a) Risk of bias graph: reviewers' assessments about each risk of bias item presented as percentages of all included studies. (b) Risk of bias summary: assessments about each risk of bias item for each included study. “+”: low risk, “?”: unclear risk, and “−”: high risk.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ECAM2016-5936402.006"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Search strategy (PubMed).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1">Chinese herbal medicine</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chinese medic<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TCMs or TCM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chinese herb<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chinese drug<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chinese formul<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chinese plant<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chinese prescri<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chinese remed<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chinese materia<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup> medica<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">kampo</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">herb<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup> medic<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">“Medicine, Chinese traditional” (MeSH Terms)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">“Medicine, East Asian Traditional” (MeSH Terms)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">“Medicine, kampo” (MeSH Terms)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">“Herbal Medicine” (MeSH Terms)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">“drugs, Chinese herbal” (MeSH Terms)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9 or #10 or #11 or #12 or #13 or #14 or #15 or #16</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1">Metabolic syndrome</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">“Metabolic Syndrome X” (MeSH Terms)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">metabolic syndrome</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">cardiometabolic syndrome</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">insulin resistance syndrome</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">“syndrome X”</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">“Reaven's syndrome”</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CHAOS AND Australia</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#18 or #19 or #20 or #21 or #22 or #23 or #24</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1">Randomized controlled trials</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">((clinical (Title/Abstract) AND trial (Title/Abstract)) OR clinical trials (MeSH Terms) OR clinical trial (Publication Type) OR random<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup> (Title/Abstract) OR random allocation (MeSH Terms) OR therapeutic use (MeSH Subheadings))</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#17 AND #25 AND #26</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Characteristics of RCTs using herbal medicine in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Author, year, country</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sample size (I/C)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sex (M/F)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inclusion criteria of MetS</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chinese pattern identification</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Intervention</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Period</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Outcomes</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Main conclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Agrawal et al., 2008, India [<xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94/89</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I: 51.85 ± 11.8 C: 52.81 ± 10.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103/80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NCEP-ATP guideline (2002)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dia-No,<break></break>1 tab, bid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Placebo,<break></break>1 tab, bid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 m</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">WC, FPG, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL-C, VLDL, LDL-C, SBP, DBP, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, GOT, GPT</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dia-No is safe and effective drug in the management of MetS.</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="11" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Chen et al., 2014, China [<xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22/21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I: 48.73 ± 9.4<break></break>C: 48.90 ± 8.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28/15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">China Dyslipidemia Prevention guideline (2007)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yiqi Huaju Formula</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Placebo, bid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 w</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BMI, body weight, WC, HC, WHR, FPG, HbA1c, FPI, 2 hPG, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, 24 hBP, dBP, nBP, 24 hBPv, dBPv, nBPv, 24 hBPp, dBPp, nBPp</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yiqi Huaju Formula combining with diet-control and exercise has effect on reducing blood pressure.</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="11" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Zhang et al., 2014, China [<xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56/52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.5 (37~80)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59/49</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IDF<break></break>guideline (2005)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Phlegm-Dampness Type</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Daotan decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No treatment</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 w</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BMI, WC, TG, HDL-C, FPG, SBP, DBP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Daotan decoction can ameliorate the blood lipid and blood pressure of MetS of phlegm-dampness constitution.</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="11" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Xu et al., 2014, China [<xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83/69</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I: 51.75 ± 10.1<break></break>C: 52.30 ± 14.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70/82</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IDF<break></break>guideline (2005)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gegen shanzha decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No treatment</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 m</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BMI, body weight, WC, AC, HC, WHR, SFA, VFA, FPG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, SBP, DBP, SF-36</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gegen Shanzha decoction combining with TCM physique recuperation is effective for MetS.</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="11" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Li, 2014, China [<xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32/30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chinese Diabetes Society criteria (2004)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Blood-Stasis Type</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Xuefu zhuyu decoction, bid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No treatment</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 w</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Blood stasis symptoms</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Xuefu Zhuyu decoction has clinical efficacy for MetS of Blood-Stasis Type.</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="11" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Wang et al., 2005, China [<xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30/30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I: 49.6 ± 7.9<break></break>C: 50.6 ± 7.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27/33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">American Diabetes Association guideline (1997)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Heart-Liver Stagnated Heat Type</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Qinggan Jiangtang,<break></break>3 tabs, bid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Glucophage<break></break>(metformin),<break></break>3 tabs, bid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 m</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FPG, 2 hPG, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, SBP, DBP, FINS, PINS, F-CP, P-CP, HOMA-IR, HOMA-<italic>β</italic>, FFA,</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Qinggan Jiangtang tablet has effects on reducing blood glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure, and insulin resistance.</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="11" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Liu et al., 2008, China [<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30/30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30–60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IDF<break></break>guideline (2005)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exuberance of Phlegm-Dampness Type</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Modified Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction,<break></break>120 mL, bid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Metformin,<break></break>0.25 mg, tid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 w</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">WC, BMI, FPG, 2 hPG, FINS, ISI, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoA1, ApoB, SBP, DBP, effective rate, Chinese symptoms</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Modified Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction has effects on treating MetS of Exuberance of Phlegm-Dampness Type.</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="11" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Zhang et al., 2010, China [<xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50/50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I: 52.61 ± 5.4<break></break>C: 51.10 ± 12.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80/20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chinese Diabetes Society criteria (2004)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Flaming-Up of Fire of the Liver Type</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pinggan Jiangya pill, 6 g, tid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nifedipine,<break></break>10 mg, tid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 m</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BMI, body weight, WC, SBP, DBP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pinggan Jiangya pill has effects on decreasing blood pressure and weight of MetS of Flaming-Up of Fire of the Liver Type.</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="11" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Guan et al., 2012, China [<xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36/32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47.2 ± 15.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39/29</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AACE clinical criteria (2003)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Huanglian Wendan decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Metformin,<break></break>0.25 mg, bid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 w</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BMI, FPG, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, SBP, DBP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Huanglian Wendan decoction is the same as metformin in reducing weight and blood sugar but better in decreasing blood lipids and blood pressure.</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="11" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dong, 2012, China [<xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58/48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I: 24~78<break></break>C: 21~73</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44/62</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NCEP ATP guideline (2002)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Xueguan Ruanhua decoction (1 m) → Xueguan Ruanhua pill (2 m)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">① DM: metformin or rosiglitazone<break></break>② HL: simvastatin or fenofibric acid<break></break>③ HTN: captopril or nifedipine</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 m</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FPG, TG, HDL-C, SBP, DBP, effective rate</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Xueguan Ruanhua decoction has effects on the treatment of MetS.</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="11" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Cui and Wie, 2014, China [<xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60/60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I: 51.3 ± 6.0<break></break>C: 52.3 ± 5.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69/51</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chinese Diabetes Society criteria (2004)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Shengjiangtongmai powder,<break></break>300 mL, bid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">① Metformin, 0.25 mg, bid<break></break>② Simvastatin, 10 mg, qd<break></break>③ Enalapril,<break></break>10 mg, qd</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 m</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BMI, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, FPG, effective rate</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Shengjiangtongmai powder can effectively improve blood glucose, blood lipid, blood pressure, and obesity.</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="11" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Danyang Zhao and Danun Zhao, 2015, China [<xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40/40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I: 48.7 ± 12.5<break></break>C: 47.6 ± 12.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IDF guideline (2005)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spleen Deficiency and Stagnation of Dampness Type</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Shenling Jianpihuashi decoction, bid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">① DM: metformin, 500 mg, tid<break></break>② HTN: losartan, 50 mg, qd</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 w</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">WC, BMI, FPG, 2 hPG, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, SBP, DBP, HOMA-IR, effective rate</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Shenling Jianpihuashi decoction can effectively improve MetS of Spleen Deficiency and Stagnation of Dampness type.</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p> I: intervention group; C: control group; M: male; F: female; NR: not reported; MetS: metabolic syndrome; DM: diabetes mellitus; HTN: hypertension; HL: hyperlipidemia; WC: waist circumference; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; VLDL: very low density lipoprotein; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; GOT: glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; GPT: glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; BMI: body mass index; HC: hip circumference; WHR: waist hip ratio; FPI: fasting plasma insulin; 2hPG: 2-hour postprandial glucose; TG: triglycerides; AC: arm circumference; SFA: subcutaneous fat area; VFA: visceral fat area; FINS: fasting serum insulin; PINS: postprandial serum insulin; F-CP: fasting serum C-peptide; P-CP: postprandial serum C-peptide; FFA: free fatty acids; ISI: insulin sensitivity index.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Summary of findings in this systematic review.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1"> Herbal medicines compared to controls for metabolic syndrome</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1"><italic>Patient or population</italic>: metabolic syndrome </td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1"><italic>Setting</italic>: outpatient and inpatient </td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1"><italic>Intervention</italic>: herbal medicines </td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1"><italic>Comparison</italic>: no treatment, placebo, and western medicines</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1">Outcomes</td><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Anticipated absolute effects<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup> (95% CI)</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1"> Relative effect (95% CI) </td><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">Number of participants (studies) </td><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">Quality of the evidence (grade) </td><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1"> Comments</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Risk with control</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Risk with intervention</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">The mean FPG ranged across control groups from 87 to 260 mg/dL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">The mean FPG in the intervention groups was 1.37 mg/dL lower (3.12 lower to 0.39 higher)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">980 (10 RCTs)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">⨁⨁◯◯ <break></break>Low<sup>1</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower score indicates less risk of diabetes mellitus.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Triglycerides (TG) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">The mean TG ranged across control groups from 135 to 291 mg/dL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">The mean TG in the intervention groups was 22.54 mg/dL lower (27.81 lower to 17.27 lower)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">980 (10 RCTs)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">⨁⨁⨁◯ <break></break>Moderate<sup>2</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower score indicates less risk of dyslipidemia.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Systolic blood pressure (SBP) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">The mean SBP ranged across control groups from 122 to 150 mmHg</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">The mean SBP in the intervention groups was 6.76 mmHg lower (7.72 lower to 5.81 lower)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1080 (11 RCTs)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">⨁⨁⨁◯ <break></break>Moderate<sup>3</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower score indicates less risk of hypertension.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">The mean DBP ranged across control groups from 72 to 95 mmHg</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">The mean DBP in the intervention groups was 5.23 mmHg lower (4.77 lower to 4.68 lower)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1080 (11 RCTs)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">⨁⨁⨁◯ <break></break>Moderate<sup>3</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower score indicates less risk of hypertension.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Waist circumference (WC) </td><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1">See comment</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">726 (7 RCTs)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">⨁⨁◯◯ <break></break>Low</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Only 2 studies showed WC separated by sex, so risk could not be calculated.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) </td><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1">See comment</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">860 (9 RCTs)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">⨁⨁◯◯ <break></break>Low</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No study showed HDL-C separated by sex, so risk could not be calculated.</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup><italic>∗</italic></sup>The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).</p></fn><fn><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference.</p></fn><fn><p><sup>1</sup>Heterogeneity and possible publication bias downgraded quality of the evidence.</p></fn><fn><p><sup>2</sup>Sparse data downgraded quality of the evidence.</p></fn><fn><p><sup>3</sup>Heterogeneity downgraded quality of the evidence.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Estimate effects of herbal medicines for metabolic syndrome: differences of values before and after treatment.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Intervention </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Study ID</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">WC</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BMI</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FPG</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 hPG</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL-C</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SBP</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DBP</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dia-No</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Agrawal et al., 2008 [<xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+0.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.18<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−41.15<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−10.59<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+1.12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.29<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.23<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yiqi Huaju Recipe</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chen et al., 2014 [<xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−4.68<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.51<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−7.02<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−29.34<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−7.12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+1.93</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−11.32<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−6.5<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Daotan decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zhang et al., 2014 [<xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.98<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.49<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−28.48<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+2.32<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−7.43<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.28<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gegen Shanzha decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Xu et al., 2014 [<xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−5.31<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.69<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−21.42<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−99.68<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+18.91<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−19.66<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−10.5<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Xuefu Zhuyu decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Li, 2014 [<xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Qinggan Jiangtang tablet</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wang et al., 2005 [<xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−28.8<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−52.2<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−12.46<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+2.70</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−7.5<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.9<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Modified Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Liu et al., 2008 [<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.91</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.74<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−7.02<sup><sup>#</sup></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−19.08<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−23.14<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+7.72<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−4.38<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.23<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pinggan Jiangya pill</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zhang et al., 2010 [<xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−7.81<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.95<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−28.00<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−14.33<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Huanglian Wendan decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Guan et al., 2012 [<xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.95<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−27.54<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−62.3<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+11.19<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−10.73<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−8.24<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Xueguan Ruanhua decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dong, 2012 [<xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−6.12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−30.26<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+15.83<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−8.75<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−9.33<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Shengjiangtongmai powder</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cui and Wie, 2014 [<xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−82.08<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−89.89<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Shenling Jianpihuashi decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Danyang Zhao and Danun Zhao, 2015 [<xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−7.2<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.7<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−16.2<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−34.2<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−71.2<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+3.86</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−11.6<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−9.3<sup>#</sup></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup><italic>∗</italic></sup>Significant difference between intervention and control group (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05).</p></fn><fn><p><sup>#</sup>Significant difference before and after treatment (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05).</p></fn><fn><p>WC: waist circumference; BMI: body mass index; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; 2 hPG: 2-hour postprandial glucose; TG: triglycerides; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Compositions of herbal medicines and adverse events in the included RCTs.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Intervention </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Study ID</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Compositions</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Formulation</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adverse events</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dia-No</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Agrawal et al., 2008 [<xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Syzygium cumini </italic>20%,<italic> Gymnema sylvestre </italic>20%,<break></break><italic>Trigonella foenumgraecum 14%, Emblica officinalis 10%, Azadirachta indica 7%, Cassia auriculata 7%, Tribulus terrestris 7%, Andrographis paniculata 5%, Pterocarpus marsupium 5%</italic>, and<italic> Momordica charantia </italic>5%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tablet</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nausea 2, vomiting 1, loss of appetite 2, and burning epigastrium 1 in intervention group</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yiqi Huaju Recipe</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chen et al., 2014 [<xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Astragalus membranaceus, Coptis chinensis, Typha orientalis, Alisma canaliculatum, Artemisia capillaris, </italic>and so forth</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Skin hypersensitivity 2 in intervention group</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Daotan decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zhang et al., 2014 [<xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pinellia ternata </italic>10 g<italic>, Arisaema erubescens </italic>Schott 5 g<italic>, Citrus reticulata </italic>10 g<italic>, Citrus sinensis </italic>10 g<italic>, Poria cocos</italic> 15 g,<break></break><italic>Zingiber officinale </italic>5 g, and<italic> Glycyrrhiza uralensis</italic> 5 g</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gegen Shanzha decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Xu et al., 2014 [<xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pueraria montana</italic> and <italic>Crataegus pinnatifida </italic>Bunge each 10~20 g (1 : 1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Xuefu Zhuyu decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Li, 2014 [<xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Prunus persica </italic>(L.) Batsch 9 g<italic> Carthamus tinctorius</italic> 9 g,<italic> Rehmannia glutinosa</italic> 9 g, <italic>Ligusticum officinale</italic> Kitag. 5 g, <italic>Angelica sinensis </italic>9 g,<break></break><italic>Paeonia lactiflora </italic>Pallas 6 g, <italic>Achyranthes japonica</italic> Nakai 9 g, <italic>Platycodon grandiflorum </italic>5 g, <italic>Bupleurum falcatum</italic> 3 g,<break></break><italic>Citrus aurantium</italic> L. 6 g, and <italic>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</italic> 3 g</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Qinggan Jiangtang tablet</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wang et al., 2005 [<xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bupleurum falcatum</italic> 8 g, <italic>Gardenia jasminoides</italic> 10 g, <italic>Coptis chinensis</italic> 4 g, <italic>Scutellaria baicalensis</italic> 8 g, <italic>Rehmannia glutinosa</italic> 15 g,<break></break><italic>Lilium longiflorum</italic> 20 g, <italic>Anemarrhena asphodeloides</italic> Bunge 10 g,<break></break>pollen 20 g, <italic>Gastrodia elata</italic> Blume 10 g, and <italic>Cassia occidentalis</italic> L. 20 g</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tablet</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Modified Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Liu et al., 2008 [<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pinellia ternata</italic> 9 g, <italic>Gastrodia elata</italic> Blume 6 g, <italic>Pueraria montana</italic> 20 g,<break></break><italic>Atractylodes macrocephala</italic> Koidzumi 15 g, <italic>Alisma canaliculatum</italic> 30 g,<break></break><italic>Pleuropterus multlforus</italic> 15 g, <italic>Crataegus pinnatifida</italic> Bunge 15 g,<break></break><italic>Salviae miltiorrhizae</italic> Radix 25 g, <italic>Astragalus membranaceus</italic> 30 g,<break></break><italic>Poria cocos</italic> 15 g, <italic>Cassia obtusifolia </italic>L. 15 g, and <italic>Citrus reticulata</italic> 10 g,</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Not reported </td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pinggan Jiangya pill</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zhang et al., 2010 [<xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Prunella vulgaris</italic> 24 g<italic>, Uncaria rhynchophylla </italic>20 g<italic>, Saiga tataria </italic>L. 2 g, <italic>Folium ilicis</italic> (Kuding tea) 10 g,<break></break><italic>Sophora japonica</italic> L. 10 g, <italic>Pteria martensii </italic>30 g,<break></break><italic>Tribulus terrestris </italic>L. 20 g, magnetitum 20 g, <italic>Scutellaria baicalensis</italic> 15 g, <italic>Cassia obtusifolia</italic> L. 20 g, <italic>Achyranthes japonica </italic>Nakai 15 g</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pill</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Facial flush 4 in control group</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Huanglian Wendan decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Guan et al., 2012 [<xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Coptis chinensis</italic>, <italic>Pinellia ternata</italic>, <italic>Citrus reticulata, Poria cocos, Pueraria montana, Cassia obtusifolia</italic> L., <italic>Astragalus membranaceus, Phyllostachys bambusoides </italic>Sieb. et Zucc.,<italic> Salviae miltiorrhizae </italic>Radix, and<italic> Glycyrrhiza uralensis</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gastrointestinal disorder 1 in intervention group, abdominal pain and vomiting 4, and weakness 1 in control group</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Xueguan Ruanhua decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dong, 2012 [<xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Taxillus chinensis, Apocynum cannabinum, Angelica sinensis, Paeonia lactiflora</italic> Pallas, <italic>Ligusticum officinale</italic> Kitag.,<break></break><italic>Gastrodia elata </italic>Blume, <italic>Eucommia ulmoides </italic>Oliver,<break></break><italic>Salviae miltiorrhizae </italic>Radix, <italic>Vitex rotundifolia</italic> L.,<break></break><italic>Chrysanthemum morifolium, Hirudo nipponica </italic>Whitman, mulberry leaf, <italic>Coptis chinensis</italic>, <italic>Pueraria montana, Fritillaria cirrhosa</italic> D. Don, and so forth</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nausea and vomiting 2, hypoglycemia 1, and hypotension 3 in control group</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Shengjiangtongmai powder</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cui and Wie, 2014 [<xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bombyx mori </italic>10 g<italic>, Cryptotympana coreana </italic>10 g<italic>, Curcuma longa </italic>9 g, <italic>Rheum palmatum </italic>12 g,<italic> Coptis chinensis </italic>6 g,<break></break><italic>Panax quinquefolius </italic>25 g<italic>, Atractylodes japonica </italic>15 g,<break></break><italic>Pinellia ternata </italic>12 g,<italic> Trichosanthes kirilowii </italic>Maxim.15 g</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Shenling Jianpihuashi decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Danyang Zhao and Danun Zhao, 2015 [<xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Codonopsis tangshen</italic> Oliver 15 g, <italic>Astragalus membranaceus</italic> 15 g,<break></break><italic>Poria cocos</italic> 15 g, <italic>Atractylodes macrocephala </italic>Koidzumi 15 g, <italic>Dioscorea opposita</italic> 15 g, <italic>Coixlachrymajobi </italic>var. mayuen 15 g, <italic>Amomum xanthioides</italic> 6 g, <italic>Nelumbo nucifera </italic>10 g, <italic>Alisma canaliculatum</italic> 15 g, and <italic>Panax notoginseng</italic> 3 g</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Decoction</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gastrointestinal disorder 2 in control group</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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