Assessment of Navel Oranges, Clementine Tangerines, and Rutaceous Fruits as Hosts of Bactrocera cucurbitae and Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Identifieur interne : 000343 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000342; suivant : 000344Assessment of Navel Oranges, Clementine Tangerines, and Rutaceous Fruits as Hosts of Bactrocera cucurbitae and Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Auteurs : Grant T. Mcquate [États-Unis] ; Peter A. Follett [États-Unis] ; Nicanor J. Liquido [États-Unis] ; Charmaine D. Sylva [États-Unis]Source :
- International Journal of Insect Science [ 1179-5433 ] ; 2015.
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DOI: 10.4137/IJIS.S20069
PubMed: 26816484
PubMed Central: 4722881
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Assessment of Navel Oranges, Clementine Tangerines, and Rutaceous Fruits as Hosts of <italic>Bactrocera cucurbitae</italic> and <italic>Bactrocera latifrons</italic> (Diptera: Tephritidae)</title><author><name sortKey="Mcquate, Grant T" sort="Mcquate, Grant T" uniqKey="Mcquate G" first="Grant T." last="Mcquate">Grant T. Mcquate</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijis-7-2015-001">USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Follett, Peter A" sort="Follett, Peter A" uniqKey="Follett P" first="Peter A." last="Follett">Peter A. Follett</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijis-7-2015-001">USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liquido, Nicanor J" sort="Liquido, Nicanor J" uniqKey="Liquido N" first="Nicanor J." last="Liquido">Nicanor J. Liquido</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-ijis-7-2015-001">USDA-APHIS-PPQ, CPHST, Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory, Honolulu, HI, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>USDA-APHIS-PPQ, CPHST, Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory, Honolulu, HI</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sylva, Charmaine D" sort="Sylva, Charmaine D" uniqKey="Sylva C" first="Charmaine D." last="Sylva">Charmaine D. Sylva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijis-7-2015-001">USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26816484</idno><idno type="pmc">4722881</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4722881</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4722881</idno><idno type="doi">10.4137/IJIS.S20069</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000344</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000343</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Assessment of Navel Oranges, Clementine Tangerines, and Rutaceous Fruits as Hosts of <italic>Bactrocera cucurbitae</italic> and <italic>Bactrocera latifrons</italic> (Diptera: Tephritidae)</title><author><name sortKey="Mcquate, Grant T" sort="Mcquate, Grant T" uniqKey="Mcquate G" first="Grant T." last="Mcquate">Grant T. Mcquate</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijis-7-2015-001">USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Follett, Peter A" sort="Follett, Peter A" uniqKey="Follett P" first="Peter A." last="Follett">Peter A. Follett</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijis-7-2015-001">USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liquido, Nicanor J" sort="Liquido, Nicanor J" uniqKey="Liquido N" first="Nicanor J." last="Liquido">Nicanor J. Liquido</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-ijis-7-2015-001">USDA-APHIS-PPQ, CPHST, Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory, Honolulu, HI, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>USDA-APHIS-PPQ, CPHST, Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory, Honolulu, HI</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sylva, Charmaine D" sort="Sylva, Charmaine D" uniqKey="Sylva C" first="Charmaine D." last="Sylva">Charmaine D. Sylva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijis-7-2015-001">USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Insect Science</title><idno type="eISSN">1179-5433</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Export of <italic>Citrus</italic> spp. fruits may require risk mitigation measures if grown in areas with established tephritid fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations capable of infesting the fruits. The host status of <italic>Citrus</italic> spp. fruits is unclear for two tephritid fruit fly species whose geographic ranges have expanded in recent years: melon fly, <italic>Bactrocera cucurbitae</italic> (Cocquillett), and <italic>Bactrocera latifrons</italic> (Hendel). In no choice cage infestation studies, <italic>B. latifrons</italic> oviposited into intact and punctured Washington navel oranges (<italic>Citrus sinensis</italic> [L.] Osbeck) and Clementine tangerines (<italic>C. reticulata</italic> L. var. Clementine), but eggs rarely developed to the adult stage. <italic>B. cucurbitae</italic> readily infested intact and punctured tangerines, and to a lesser extent punctured oranges, but did not infest intact oranges. Limited cage infestation and only a single literature report of field <italic>Citrus</italic> spp. infestation suggest that risk mitigation of <italic>Citrus</italic> spp. for <italic>B. latifrons</italic> is not needed. Risk mitigation options of <italic>Citrus</italic> spp. for <italic>B. cucurbitae</italic>, including heat and cold treatments and systems approaches, are discussed.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Purseglove, Jw" uniqKey="Purseglove J">JW Purseglove</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Martinez Ferrer, Mt" uniqKey="Martinez Ferrer M">MT Martinez-Ferrer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campos, Jm" uniqKey="Campos J">JM Campos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fibla, M" uniqKey="Fibla M">M Fibla</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Han, P" uniqKey="Han P">P Han</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, X" uniqKey="Wang X">X Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Niu, C Y" uniqKey="Niu C">C-Y Niu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, Y C" uniqKey="Dong Y">Y-C Dong</name></author><author><name 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Insect Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Insect Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">International Journal of Insect Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Insect Science</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1179-5433</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Libertas Academica</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26816484</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4722881</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4137/IJIS.S20069</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ijis-7-2015-001</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Assessment of Navel Oranges, Clementine Tangerines, and Rutaceous Fruits as Hosts of <italic>Bactrocera cucurbitae</italic> and <italic>Bactrocera latifrons</italic> (Diptera: Tephritidae)</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McQuate</surname><given-names>Grant T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijis-7-2015-001">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-ijis-7-2015-001"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Follett</surname><given-names>Peter A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijis-7-2015-001">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liquido</surname><given-names>Nicanor J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-ijis-7-2015-001">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sylva</surname><given-names>Charmaine D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijis-7-2015-001">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-ijis-7-2015-001"><label>1</label>USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA.</aff><aff id="af2-ijis-7-2015-001"><label>2</label>USDA-APHIS-PPQ, CPHST, Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory, Honolulu, HI, USA.</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-ijis-7-2015-001">CORRESPONDENCE: <email>grant.mcquate@ars.usda.gov</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>1</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>9</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>10</day><month>9</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 the author(s), publisher and licensee Libertas Academica Ltd.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC 3.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Export of <italic>Citrus</italic> spp. fruits may require risk mitigation measures if grown in areas with established tephritid fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations capable of infesting the fruits. The host status of <italic>Citrus</italic> spp. fruits is unclear for two tephritid fruit fly species whose geographic ranges have expanded in recent years: melon fly, <italic>Bactrocera cucurbitae</italic> (Cocquillett), and <italic>Bactrocera latifrons</italic> (Hendel). In no choice cage infestation studies, <italic>B. latifrons</italic> oviposited into intact and punctured Washington navel oranges (<italic>Citrus sinensis</italic> [L.] Osbeck) and Clementine tangerines (<italic>C. reticulata</italic> L. var. Clementine), but eggs rarely developed to the adult stage. <italic>B. cucurbitae</italic> readily infested intact and punctured tangerines, and to a lesser extent punctured oranges, but did not infest intact oranges. Limited cage infestation and only a single literature report of field <italic>Citrus</italic> spp. infestation suggest that risk mitigation of <italic>Citrus</italic> spp. for <italic>B. latifrons</italic> is not needed. Risk mitigation options of <italic>Citrus</italic> spp. for <italic>B. cucurbitae</italic>, including heat and cold treatments and systems approaches, are discussed.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>citrus</kwd><kwd>host status</kwd><kwd><italic>Bactrocera cucurbitae</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Bactrocera latifrons</italic></kwd><kwd>melon fly</kwd><kwd>risk mitigation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="t1-ijis-7-2015-001" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Infestation of intact and punctured Washington navel oranges and Clementine tangerines relative to papayas, eggplant, and Anaheim peppers following 24 hours exposure of individual fruits to 50 gravid female <italic>B. cucurbitae</italic> or <italic>B. latifrons</italic>.</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="rows"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FRUIT FLY SPECIES</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FRUIT ID</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FRUIT STATUS</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO. TRIALS</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO. TRIALS WITH INFESTATION</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TOTAL NO. FRUITS</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FRUIT WEIGHT (kg)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO. INFESTED FRUITS (%)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">WEIGHT INFESTED FRUITS (kg)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AVG. NO. PUPAE RECOVERED PER kg FRUIT</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AVG. NO. ADULTS RECOVERED PER kg FRUIT</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AVG. % EMERGENCE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>B. cucurbitae</italic></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Clementine</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Intact</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.78</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 (31.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.84</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">340.8<sup>b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">284.7<sup>a</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74.2</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>B. cucurbitae</italic></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Clementine</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Punctured</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.92</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28 (58.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.59</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">240.1<sup>a,b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">168.2<sup>a</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69.8</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>B. cucurbitae</italic></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Papaya</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.48</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (100.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.48</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">310.2<sup>a,b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">256.5<sup>a</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.4</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>B. latifrons</italic></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Clementine</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Intact</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.69</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (2.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.16</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.51<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.51<sup>b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100.0</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>B. latifrons</italic></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Clementine</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Punctured</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.77</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (4.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.32</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.39<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.39<sup>b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100.0</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>B. latifrons</italic></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anaheim pepper</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.82</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (100.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.82</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">378.7<sup>a</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">285.2<sup>a</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69.7</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>B. cucurbitae</italic></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Navel orange</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Intact</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.28</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0 (0.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>B. cucurbitae</italic></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Navel orange</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Punctured</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.85</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44 (52.4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.72</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.5<sup>b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.8<sup>b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.4</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>B. cucurbitae</italic></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Papaya</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.59</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21 (100.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.59</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">466.7<sup>a</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">307.3<sup>a</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69.1</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>B. latifrons</italic></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Navel orange</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Intact</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.98</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (1.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.26</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.36<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.060<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.7</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>B. latifrons</italic></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Navel orange</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Punctured</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.40</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (15.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.96</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.51<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.06<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.6</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>B. latifrons</italic></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Eggplant</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.44</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 (100.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.44</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">454.1<sup>a</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">388.7<sup>a,b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85.8</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>B. latifrons</italic></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Papaya</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.94</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (100.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.94</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">333.1<sup>a</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">275.8<sup>a,b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.7</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-ijis-7-2015-001"><p><bold>Notes:</bold> Numbers of pupae or adults recovered per kilogram fruit followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the α = 0.05 level (analyses run separately for lementine fruits [with respective controls] and for navel oranges [with respective controls]).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-ijis-7-2015-001" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Summary of fruits from the plant family Rutaceae, which have been reported to be infested by <italic>Bactrocera latifrons</italic>.</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="rows"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SCIENTIFIC NAME</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">COMMON NAME</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GRIN NO.</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">INFESTATION RECORD</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">REFERENCE CITATIONS AND INFESTATION SUMMARIES</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus</italic> spp.</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Citrus species</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">312282</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Listing Only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5,10</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus aurantiifolia</italic> (Christm.) Swingle</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lime</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10683</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Field Infestation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">From fruit collections in Peninsular Malaysia (1986 to 1988) and in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Thailand (1990 to 1994), <italic>B. latifrons</italic> was recovered from 1 sample. No infestation rate data given.<xref rid="b11-ijis-7-2015-001" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus limon</italic> (L.) Burm. f.</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lemon</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10732</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Listing Only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5,10,12,13</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus sinensis</italic> (L.) Osbeck</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sweet orange</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10782</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Listing Only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5,10,12,13</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Murraya paniculata</italic> (L.) Jack</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mock orange</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24704</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Field Infestation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">From fruit collections in Peninsular Malaysia (1986 to 1988) and in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Thailand (1990 to 1994), <italic>B. latifrons</italic> was recovered from 1 sample. No infestation rate data given.<xref rid="b11-ijis-7-2015-001" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn2-ijis-7-2015-001"><p><bold>Notes:</bold> Included, for each plant species, is a reference to the taxonomy of the plant species (as provided by the USDA-ARS Germplasm Repository Information Network [GRIN]), the citation of the references from which the infestation data were recovered, along with an indication as to whether the references were based on field data, laboratory data or were “listing only.” In cases where there were laboratory or field infestation data, succinct summaries of the infestation data are also provided.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-ijis-7-2015-001" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Summary of fruits from the plant family Rutaceae, which have been reported to be infested by <italic>Bactrocera cucurbitae</italic>.</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="rows"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SCIENTIFIC NAME</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">COMMON NAME</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GRIN NO.</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">INFESTATION RECORD</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">REFERENCE CITATIONS AND INFESTATION SUMMARIES</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aegle marmelos</italic> (L.) Corrêa</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bael</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1560</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Listing Only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Casimiroa edulis</italic> La Llave & Lex</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">White sapote</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9292</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Listing Only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13,15–20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus aurantium</italic> L.</td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Sour orange</td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">10684</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Laboratory Infestation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Using 1st instar larvae obtained from eggs oviposited on bottle gourd (<italic>Lagenaria vulgaris</italic>), 49 of 100 1st instar larvae (49%) raised on orange pupated, with an average time to pupation of 8.9 days. In a separate test, 94 of 100 1st instar larvae (94%) were found to feed on pieces of orange.<xref rid="b21-ijis-7-2015-001" ref-type="bibr">21</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Listing Only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13,15,17–20</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus deliciosa</italic> Ten.</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italian tangerine</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">314340</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Listing Only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus hystrix</italic> DC.</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kaffir lime</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10714</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Field Infestation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">In 1992, <italic>B. cucurbitae</italic> was recovered from 2 samples of <italic>Citrus hystrix</italic> [Thailand, Malaysia, Southern India]. Infestation rate data not given. <italic>B. cucurbitae</italic> individuals identified by R.A.I. Drew and D.L. Hancock.<xref rid="b11-ijis-7-2015-001" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus limon</italic> (L.) Burm. f.</td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Lemon</td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">10732</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Laboratory Infestation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Using 1st instar larvae obtained from eggs oviposited on bottle gourd (<italic>Lagenaria vulgaris</italic>), 49 of 100 1st instar larvae (49%) were found to feed on lemon. No larvae (0 of 100) completed growth to the point of pupation, but survived longer (4–6 days) than 1st instar larvae fed on diets of water alone or 2.5% agar gel.<xref rid="b21-ijis-7-2015-001" ref-type="bibr">21</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Listing Only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13,15,17–20,22,23</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus maxima</italic> (Burm.) Merr.</td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Pummelo</td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">10744</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Field Infestation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>B. cucurbitae</italic> adults were recovered from infested <italic>C. maxima</italic> fruits, randomly collected on Penang Island, West Malaysia. No infestation rate data given.<xref rid="b24-ijis-7-2015-001" ref-type="bibr">24</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Listing Only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,13,15,19,22,25–29</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus medica</italic> L.</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Citron</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10745</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Field Infestation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fallen and marketable sized <italic>C. medica</italic> fruits were harvested over a seven week period in September—October, 1975 in Hissar, India. Fruits were cut open to check for fruit fly incidence. <italic>B. cucurbitae</italic> was recovered in 6 of 7 weekly collections (85.7%), with an average weekly infestation rate of 28.0%. Overall, 13 of 52 collected fruits were infested by <italic>B. cucurbitae</italic>.<xref rid="b30-ijis-7-2015-001" ref-type="bibr">30</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus myrtifolia</italic> Raf.</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Myrtle-leaf orange</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10756</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Listing Only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus paradisi</italic> Macfad.</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Grapefruit</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10772</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Listing Only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13,15,17–20,22,23</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus reticulata</italic> Blanco</td><td rowspan="4" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Tangerine</td><td rowspan="4" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">10778</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Field Infestation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">One adult <italic>B. cucurbitae</italic> and 259 adult <italic>B. dorsalis</italic> were recovered from 10 tangerine fruits collected from the Punahou area of Honolulu (Oahu, Hawaii) in April, 1947.<xref rid="b31-ijis-7-2015-001" ref-type="bibr">31</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Field Infestation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>B. cucurbitae</italic> individuals (adults?) were recovered from <italic>C. reticulata</italic> fruits collected between 2005–2007 in Benin, with infestation rate falling in the range of 1–25 <italic>B. cucurbitae</italic> per kg fruit. No data presented on the number of fruits collected, the weight of fruits collected or the percentage infestation of collected fruits.<xref rid="b6-ijis-7-2015-001" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Laboratory Infestation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">In captivity, female melon flies laid eggs on cut fruits of <italic>C. reticulata</italic>. The eggs hatched out and the development of the larvae proceeded to continue normally through pupation. No data presented on methods used for the lab infestation or the resulting infestation rate.<xref rid="b32-ijis-7-2015-001" ref-type="bibr">32</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Listing Only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13–15,18,19,22,27,33–36</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck</td><td rowspan="5" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Sweet orange</td><td rowspan="5" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">10782</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Field Infestation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adult B. cucurbitae have been reared from oranges, but these fruits do not serve regularly as B. cucurbitae hosts. “Only in rare instances does the melon fly attack them, and then only slightly.” No infestation rate data presented.<xref rid="b37-ijis-7-2015-001" ref-type="bibr">37</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Field Infestation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">In 1910, a few oranges provided by a farmer from Kaimuki (Oahu, Hawaii) were placed in a breeding jar from which mostly Drosophila spp. were recovered, but also one adult melon fly.<xref rid="b38-ijis-7-2015-001" ref-type="bibr">38</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Field Infestation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">About 10% of orange fruits recovered in the vicinity of the University of Agriculture in Faisalabad, Pakistan, were infested by B. cucurbitae.<xref rid="b39-ijis-7-2015-001" ref-type="bibr">39</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Field Infestation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B. cucurbitae individuals (adults?) were recovered from C. sinensis fruits collected between 2005–2007 in Benin and in Burkina Faso, with infestation rate falling in the range of 1–25 B. cucurbitae per kg fruit. No data presented on the number of fruits collected, the weight of fruits collected or the percentage infestation of collected fruits.<xref rid="b6-ijis-7-2015-001" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Listing Only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,13–15,17–20,22,23,25–28, 31–36,40–48</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Citrus spp.</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Citrus species</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">312282</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Listing Only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13,14,16,17,20–22,31,34,35,42,49–59</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Citrus vulgaris Risso</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">102860</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Listing Only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wampi</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10811</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Listing Only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13,15–20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Triphasia trifolia (Burm. f.) P. Wilson</td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Limeberry</td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">40476</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Field Infestation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 of 29 samples (44.8%) of T. trifolia fruits made in Rota, Marianas Islands, between 1959–1963, were infested by B. cucurbitae and/or B. dorsalis. A total of seven B. cucurbitae adults were recovered from a total of 13,729 fruits.<xref rid="b60-ijis-7-2015-001" ref-type="bibr">60</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Listing Only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,13,18</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn3-ijis-7-2015-001"><p><bold>Notes:</bold> Included, for each plant species, is a reference to the taxonomy of the plant species (as provided by the USDA-ARS Germplasm Repository Information Network [GRIN]), the citation of the references from which the infestation data were recovered, along with an indication whether the references were based on field data, laboratory data, or were “listing only.” In cases where there were laboratory or field infestation data, succinct summaries of the infestation data are also provided.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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