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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Effects of Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide on Phyllosphere Fungi from Three Tree Species</title><author><name sortKey="Fenn, Mark E" sort="Fenn, Mark E" uniqKey="Fenn M" first="Mark E." last="Fenn">Mark E. Fenn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dunn, Paul H" sort="Dunn, Paul H" uniqKey="Dunn P" first="Paul H." last="Dunn">Paul H. Dunn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Durall, Daniel M" sort="Durall, Daniel M" uniqKey="Durall D" first="Daniel M." last="Durall">Daniel M. Durall</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">16347849</idno><idno type="pmc">184124</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC184124</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:184124</idno><date when="1989">1989</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000751</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Effects of Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide on Phyllosphere Fungi from Three Tree Species</title><author><name sortKey="Fenn, Mark E" sort="Fenn, Mark E" uniqKey="Fenn M" first="Mark E." last="Fenn">Mark E. Fenn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dunn, Paul H" sort="Dunn, Paul H" uniqKey="Dunn P" first="Paul H." last="Dunn">Paul H. Dunn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Durall, Daniel M" sort="Durall, Daniel M" uniqKey="Durall D" first="Daniel M." last="Durall">Daniel M. Durall</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</title><idno type="ISSN">0099-2240</idno><idno type="eISSN">1098-5336</idno><imprint><date when="1989">1989</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Short-term effects of ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) on phyllosphere fungi were studied by examining fungal populations from leaves of giant sequoia (<italic>Sequoiadendron giganteum</italic> (Lindl.) Buchholz) and California black oak (<italic>Quercus kelloggii</italic> Newb.). Chronic effects of both O<sub>3</sub> and sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) were studied by isolating fungi from leaves of mature Valencia orange (<italic>Citrus sinensis</italic> L.) trees. In this chronic-exposure experiment, mature orange trees were fumigated in open-top chambers at the University of California, Riverside, for 4 years with filtered air, ambient air plus filtered air (1:1), ambient air, or filtered air plus SO<sub>2</sub> at 9.3 parts per hundred million. Populations of <italic>Alternaria alternata</italic> (Fr.) Keissler and <italic>Cladosporium cladosporioides</italic> (Fres.) de Vries, two of the four most common fungi isolated from orange leaves, were significantly reduced by chronic exposure to ambient air. In the short-term experiments, seedlings of giant sequoia or California black oak were fumigated in open-top chambers in Sequoia National Park for 9 to 11 weeks with filtered air, ambient air, or ambient air plus O<sub>3</sub>. These short-term fumigations did not significantly affect the numbers of phyllosphere fungi. Exposure of Valencia orange trees to SO<sub>2</sub> at 9.3 parts per hundred million for 4 years reduced the number of phyllosphere fungi isolated by 75% compared with the number from the filtered-air treatment and reduced the Simpson diversity index value from 3.3 to 2.5. A significant chamber effect was evident since leaves of giant sequoia and California black oak located outside of chambers had more phyllosphere fungi than did seedlings within chambers. Results suggest that chronic exposure to ambient ozone or SO<sub>2</sub> in polluted areas can affect phyllosphere fungal communities, while short-term exposures may not significantly disturb phyllosphere fungi.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Appl Environ Microbiol</journal-id><journal-title>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0099-2240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1098-5336</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">16347849</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">184124</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Microorganism-Plant Interactions</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Effects of Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide on Phyllosphere Fungi from Three Tree Species</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fenn</surname><given-names>Mark E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="au1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dunn</surname><given-names>Paul H.</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Durall</surname><given-names>Daniel M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="au2">†</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1"><label></label>Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, California 92507</aff><author-notes><fn id="au1"><label>*</label><p> Corresponding author.</p></fn><fn id="au2"><label>†</label><p> Present address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PF, United Kingdom.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>02</month><year>1989</year></pub-date><volume>55</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>412</fpage><lpage>418</lpage><copyright-statement>Copyright © 1989, American Society for Microbiology</copyright-statement><abstract><p>Short-term effects of ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) on phyllosphere fungi were studied by examining fungal populations from leaves of giant sequoia (<italic>Sequoiadendron giganteum</italic> (Lindl.) Buchholz) and California black oak (<italic>Quercus kelloggii</italic> Newb.). Chronic effects of both O<sub>3</sub> and sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) were studied by isolating fungi from leaves of mature Valencia orange (<italic>Citrus sinensis</italic> L.) trees. In this chronic-exposure experiment, mature orange trees were fumigated in open-top chambers at the University of California, Riverside, for 4 years with filtered air, ambient air plus filtered air (1:1), ambient air, or filtered air plus SO<sub>2</sub> at 9.3 parts per hundred million. Populations of <italic>Alternaria alternata</italic> (Fr.) Keissler and <italic>Cladosporium cladosporioides</italic> (Fres.) de Vries, two of the four most common fungi isolated from orange leaves, were significantly reduced by chronic exposure to ambient air. In the short-term experiments, seedlings of giant sequoia or California black oak were fumigated in open-top chambers in Sequoia National Park for 9 to 11 weeks with filtered air, ambient air, or ambient air plus O<sub>3</sub>. These short-term fumigations did not significantly affect the numbers of phyllosphere fungi. Exposure of Valencia orange trees to SO<sub>2</sub> at 9.3 parts per hundred million for 4 years reduced the number of phyllosphere fungi isolated by 75% compared with the number from the filtered-air treatment and reduced the Simpson diversity index value from 3.3 to 2.5. A significant chamber effect was evident since leaves of giant sequoia and California black oak located outside of chambers had more phyllosphere fungi than did seedlings within chambers. Results suggest that chronic exposure to ambient ozone or SO<sub>2</sub> in polluted areas can affect phyllosphere fungal communities, while short-term exposures may not significantly disturb phyllosphere fungi.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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