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<title xml:lang="en">Zinc stress induces physiological, ultra-structural and biochemical changes in mandarin orange (C
<italic>itrus reticulata</italic>
Blanco) seedlings</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Subba, Pratap" sort="Subba, Pratap" uniqKey="Subba P" first="Pratap" last="Subba">Pratap Subba</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="Aff1">Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar,, 785165 West Bengal India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mukhopadhyay, Mainaak" sort="Mukhopadhyay, Mainaak" uniqKey="Mukhopadhyay M" first="Mainaak" last="Mukhopadhyay">Mainaak Mukhopadhyay</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="Aff1">Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar,, 785165 West Bengal India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia,, 741235 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mahato, Suresh Kumar" sort="Mahato, Suresh Kumar" uniqKey="Mahato S" first="Suresh Kumar" last="Mahato">Suresh Kumar Mahato</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="Aff1">Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar,, 785165 West Bengal India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Bhutia, Karma Diki" sort="Bhutia, Karma Diki" uniqKey="Bhutia K" first="Karma Diki" last="Bhutia">Karma Diki Bhutia</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="Aff1">Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar,, 785165 West Bengal India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Mondal, Tapan Kumar" sort="Mondal, Tapan Kumar" uniqKey="Mondal T" first="Tapan Kumar" last="Mondal">Tapan Kumar Mondal</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="Aff1">Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar,, 785165 West Bengal India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="Aff3">Division of Genomic Resources, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ghosh, Swapan Kumar" sort="Ghosh, Swapan Kumar" uniqKey="Ghosh S" first="Swapan Kumar" last="Ghosh">Swapan Kumar Ghosh</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="Aff1">Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar,, 785165 West Bengal India</nlm:aff>
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<idno type="doi">10.1007/s12298-014-0254-2</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Zinc stress induces physiological, ultra-structural and biochemical changes in mandarin orange (C
<italic>itrus reticulata</italic>
Blanco) seedlings</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Subba, Pratap" sort="Subba, Pratap" uniqKey="Subba P" first="Pratap" last="Subba">Pratap Subba</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="Aff1">Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar,, 785165 West Bengal India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mukhopadhyay, Mainaak" sort="Mukhopadhyay, Mainaak" uniqKey="Mukhopadhyay M" first="Mainaak" last="Mukhopadhyay">Mainaak Mukhopadhyay</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="Aff1">Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar,, 785165 West Bengal India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia,, 741235 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mahato, Suresh Kumar" sort="Mahato, Suresh Kumar" uniqKey="Mahato S" first="Suresh Kumar" last="Mahato">Suresh Kumar Mahato</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="Aff1">Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar,, 785165 West Bengal India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bhutia, Karma Diki" sort="Bhutia, Karma Diki" uniqKey="Bhutia K" first="Karma Diki" last="Bhutia">Karma Diki Bhutia</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="Aff1">Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar,, 785165 West Bengal India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mondal, Tapan Kumar" sort="Mondal, Tapan Kumar" uniqKey="Mondal T" first="Tapan Kumar" last="Mondal">Tapan Kumar Mondal</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="Aff1">Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar,, 785165 West Bengal India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="Aff3">Division of Genomic Resources, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ghosh, Swapan Kumar" sort="Ghosh, Swapan Kumar" uniqKey="Ghosh S" first="Swapan Kumar" last="Ghosh">Swapan Kumar Ghosh</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="Aff1">Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar,, 785165 West Bengal India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<series>
<title level="j">Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0971-5894</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">0974-0430</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for higher plants; yet, at higher concentrations it is toxic. In order to explore the effect of Zn stress on growth, biochemical, physiological and ultra-structural changes, 1 year old mandarin plants were grown under various Zn concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 15 and 20 mM) for 14 weeks. The biomass of the plants increased with increasing Zn concentrations and finally declined under excess Zn concentration but the prime increase was observed at 4 and 5 mM Zn. Zn stress reduced the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration along with reduction of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids content in leaf. Superoxide anion, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage were elevated in Zn stressed plants. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) enzymes were increased in both Zn-deficient and Zn-excess plants. Therefore it is suggested that antioxidant defense system did not sufficiently protect the plants under rigorous Zn stress which was also corroborated by the alteration in cell ultrastructure as revealed by transmission electron microscopy.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Physiol Mol Biol Plants</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Physiol Mol Biol Plants</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0971-5894</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">0974-0430</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Springer India</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>India</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25320469</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4185057</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">254</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s12298-014-0254-2</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Zinc stress induces physiological, ultra-structural and biochemical changes in mandarin orange (C
<italic>itrus reticulata</italic>
Blanco) seedlings</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Subba</surname>
<given-names>Pratap</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mukhopadhyay</surname>
<given-names>Mainaak</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mahato</surname>
<given-names>Suresh Kumar</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bhutia</surname>
<given-names>Karma Diki</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name>
<surname>Mondal</surname>
<given-names>Tapan Kumar</given-names>
</name>
<address>
<email>mondaltk@rediffmail.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ghosh</surname>
<given-names>Swapan Kumar</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1">
<label></label>
Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar,, 785165 West Bengal India</aff>
<aff id="Aff2">
<label></label>
Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia,, 741235 India</aff>
<aff id="Aff3">
<label></label>
Division of Genomic Resources, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012 India</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>3</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>461</fpage>
<lpage>473</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>1</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>6</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>20</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society 2014</copyright-statement>
</permissions>
<abstract id="Abs1">
<p>Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for higher plants; yet, at higher concentrations it is toxic. In order to explore the effect of Zn stress on growth, biochemical, physiological and ultra-structural changes, 1 year old mandarin plants were grown under various Zn concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 15 and 20 mM) for 14 weeks. The biomass of the plants increased with increasing Zn concentrations and finally declined under excess Zn concentration but the prime increase was observed at 4 and 5 mM Zn. Zn stress reduced the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration along with reduction of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids content in leaf. Superoxide anion, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage were elevated in Zn stressed plants. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) enzymes were increased in both Zn-deficient and Zn-excess plants. Therefore it is suggested that antioxidant defense system did not sufficiently protect the plants under rigorous Zn stress which was also corroborated by the alteration in cell ultrastructure as revealed by transmission electron microscopy.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Antioxidative enzymes</kwd>
<kwd>C
<italic>itrus reticulate</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd>Pigments</kwd>
<kwd>Reactive oxygen species</kwd>
<kwd>Transmission electron microscopy</kwd>
<kwd>Zinc stress</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<custom-meta-group>
<custom-meta>
<meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society 2014</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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