Molecular and functional characterization of a novel chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase from Citrus and its relation to lycopene accumulation
Identifieur interne : 001011 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001010; suivant : 001012Molecular and functional characterization of a novel chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase from Citrus and its relation to lycopene accumulation
Auteurs : Berta Alquézar ; Lorenzo Zacarías ; María J. RodrigoSource :
- Journal of Experimental Botany [ 0022-0957 ] ; 2009.
Abstract
Carotenoids are the main pigments responsible of the colouration of
Url:
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp048
PubMed: 19325166
PubMed Central: 2671624
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Molecular and functional characterization of a novel chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase from <italic>Citrus</italic>
and its relation to lycopene accumulation</title>
<author><name sortKey="Alquezar, Berta" sort="Alquezar, Berta" uniqKey="Alquezar B" first="Berta" last="Alquézar">Berta Alquézar</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Zacarias, Lorenzo" sort="Zacarias, Lorenzo" uniqKey="Zacarias L" first="Lorenzo" last="Zacarías">Lorenzo Zacarías</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Rodrigo, Maria J" sort="Rodrigo, Maria J" uniqKey="Rodrigo M" first="María J." last="Rodrigo">María J. Rodrigo</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Molecular and functional characterization of a novel chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase from <italic>Citrus</italic>
and its relation to lycopene accumulation</title>
<author><name sortKey="Alquezar, Berta" sort="Alquezar, Berta" uniqKey="Alquezar B" first="Berta" last="Alquézar">Berta Alquézar</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Zacarias, Lorenzo" sort="Zacarias, Lorenzo" uniqKey="Zacarias L" first="Lorenzo" last="Zacarías">Lorenzo Zacarías</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Rodrigo, Maria J" sort="Rodrigo, Maria J" uniqKey="Rodrigo M" first="María J." last="Rodrigo">María J. Rodrigo</name>
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<series><title level="j">Journal of Experimental Botany</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0022-0957</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1460-2431</idno>
<imprint><date when="2009">2009</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Carotenoids are the main pigments responsible of the colouration of <italic>Citrus</italic>
fruits. The β-cyclization of lycopene, catalysed by the lycopene β-cyclases (β-LCY), seems to be a key regulatory step of the carotenoid pathway. In the present study, two β-LCYs from orange fruits (<italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
), named <italic>Csβ</italic>
-<italic>LCY1</italic>
and <italic>Csβ</italic>
-<italic>LCY2</italic>
have been isolated and the activity of the encoded proteins was demonstrated by functional analysis. <italic>Csβ</italic>
-<italic>LCY1</italic>
was expressed at low levels and remained relatively constant during fruit ripening while Cs<italic>β</italic>
-<italic>LCY2</italic>
showed a chromoplast-specific expression and a marked induction in both peel and pulp of orange fruits in parallel with the accumulation of β,β-xanthophylls. The potential involvement of <italic>Csβ-LCY2</italic>
in the accumulation of lycopene, characteristic of some <italic>Citrus</italic>
species such as red grapefruits, was investigated. Expression of <italic>Csβ-LCY2</italic>
and another seven carotenoid biosynthetic genes were studied in the peel and pulp of the high lycopene-accumulating grapefruit, Star Ruby, and compared with those of ordinary Navel orange. In Star Ruby, the accumulation of lycopene during fruit maturation was associated with a substantial reduction in the expression of both <italic>β-LCY2</italic>
and <italic>β-CHX</italic>
genes with respect to Navel orange. Moreover, two different alleles of <italic>β-LCY2</italic>
: <italic>β-LCY2a</italic>
and <italic>β-LCY2b</italic>
were isolated from both genotypes, and functional assays demonstrated that the lycopene β-cyclase activity of the allele <italic>b</italic>
was almost null. Interestingly, Star Ruby grapefruit predominantly expressed the unfunctional <italic>β-LCY2b</italic>
allele during fruit ripening whereas Navel oranges preferably expressed the functional allele. It is suggested that the presence of diverse alleles of the <italic>β-LCY2</italic>
gene, encoding enzymes with altered activity, with different transcript accumulation may be an additional regulatory mechanism of carotenoid synthesis involved in the accumulation of lycopene in red grapefruits.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Exp Bot</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">jexbot</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">exbotj</journal-id>
<journal-title>Journal of Experimental Botany</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0022-0957</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1460-2431</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19325166</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2671624</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/jxb/erp048</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Papers</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Molecular and functional characterization of a novel chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase from <italic>Citrus</italic>
and its relation to lycopene accumulation</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alquézar</surname>
<given-names>Berta</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zacarías</surname>
<given-names>Lorenzo</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rodrigo</surname>
<given-names>María J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado de Correos 73, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>
To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: <email>mjrodrigo@iata.csic.es</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pmc-comment>Fake ppub date generated by PMC from publisher pub-date/@pub-type='epub-ppub' </pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>4</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>26</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
. </pmc-comment>
<volume>60</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>1783</fpage>
<lpage>1797</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>10</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2008</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>4</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2009</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>5</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2009</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2009 The Author(s).</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access"><p><pmc-comment>CREATIVE COMMONS</pmc-comment>
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/</ext-link>
) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>
<p>This paper is available online free of all access charges (see <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html">http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html</ext-link>
for further details)</p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Carotenoids are the main pigments responsible of the colouration of <italic>Citrus</italic>
fruits. The β-cyclization of lycopene, catalysed by the lycopene β-cyclases (β-LCY), seems to be a key regulatory step of the carotenoid pathway. In the present study, two β-LCYs from orange fruits (<italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
), named <italic>Csβ</italic>
-<italic>LCY1</italic>
and <italic>Csβ</italic>
-<italic>LCY2</italic>
have been isolated and the activity of the encoded proteins was demonstrated by functional analysis. <italic>Csβ</italic>
-<italic>LCY1</italic>
was expressed at low levels and remained relatively constant during fruit ripening while Cs<italic>β</italic>
-<italic>LCY2</italic>
showed a chromoplast-specific expression and a marked induction in both peel and pulp of orange fruits in parallel with the accumulation of β,β-xanthophylls. The potential involvement of <italic>Csβ-LCY2</italic>
in the accumulation of lycopene, characteristic of some <italic>Citrus</italic>
species such as red grapefruits, was investigated. Expression of <italic>Csβ-LCY2</italic>
and another seven carotenoid biosynthetic genes were studied in the peel and pulp of the high lycopene-accumulating grapefruit, Star Ruby, and compared with those of ordinary Navel orange. In Star Ruby, the accumulation of lycopene during fruit maturation was associated with a substantial reduction in the expression of both <italic>β-LCY2</italic>
and <italic>β-CHX</italic>
genes with respect to Navel orange. Moreover, two different alleles of <italic>β-LCY2</italic>
: <italic>β-LCY2a</italic>
and <italic>β-LCY2b</italic>
were isolated from both genotypes, and functional assays demonstrated that the lycopene β-cyclase activity of the allele <italic>b</italic>
was almost null. Interestingly, Star Ruby grapefruit predominantly expressed the unfunctional <italic>β-LCY2b</italic>
allele during fruit ripening whereas Navel oranges preferably expressed the functional allele. It is suggested that the presence of diverse alleles of the <italic>β-LCY2</italic>
gene, encoding enzymes with altered activity, with different transcript accumulation may be an additional regulatory mechanism of carotenoid synthesis involved in the accumulation of lycopene in red grapefruits.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Carotenoids</kwd>
<kwd><italic>Citrus</italic>
fruit</kwd>
<kwd>gene expression</kwd>
<kwd>grapefruit</kwd>
<kwd>lycopene</kwd>
<kwd>lycopene β-cyclase</kwd>
<kwd>orange fruit</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list></list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Alquezar, Berta" sort="Alquezar, Berta" uniqKey="Alquezar B" first="Berta" last="Alquézar">Berta Alquézar</name>
<name sortKey="Rodrigo, Maria J" sort="Rodrigo, Maria J" uniqKey="Rodrigo M" first="María J." last="Rodrigo">María J. Rodrigo</name>
<name sortKey="Zacarias, Lorenzo" sort="Zacarias, Lorenzo" uniqKey="Zacarias L" first="Lorenzo" last="Zacarías">Lorenzo Zacarías</name>
</noCountry>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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