OrangerV1, PascalFrancis, Corpus, bibRecord, 000719

Phytotoxicity of the fungicide metalaxyl and its optical isomers

Identifieur interne : 000719 ( PascalFrancis/Corpus ); précédent : 000718; suivant : 000720

Phytotoxicity of the fungicide metalaxyl and its optical isomers

Auteurs : M. Singh ; W. Mersie ; R. H. Brlansky

Source :

Plant disease [ 0191-2917 ] ; 2003.

RBID : Pascal:04-0037643

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Citrus sinensis, Capsicum frutescens, Isomère optique, Phytotoxicité, Metalaxyl.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Capsicum frutescens, Citrus sinensis, Metalaxyl, Optical isomer, Phytotoxicity.

Abstract

Metalaxyl is a systemic fungicide commonly used in citrus production to control Phytophthora root rot and foot rot. When applied as a drench, injury was observed on newly planted, young citrus trees. The visual injury symptoms ranged from light- to bright-yellow leaves. It was learned that the commercial formulation of metalaxyl contained various isomers and that these isomers may vary in phytotoxic effects on citrus leaves. The objective of this study was to determine the difference in herbicidal activity between the two optical isomers of metalaxyl on pepper plants and citrus leaves. The phytotoxicity of the fungicide metalaxyl and its optical isomers (CGA76538, S⁺; CGA76539, R-) was determined using a pepper seedling growth bioassay and by measuring protein synthesis as estimated by the incorporation of ¹⁴C-leucine by citrus mesophyll cells. The two isomers and metalaxyl differed in their herbicidal activity to pepper plants and citrus cells. Pepper seedlings treated with R- had significantly higher mean fresh weight than plants treated with metalaxyl or S⁺ at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 100 ppm. Protein synthesis, as measured by the inhibition of ¹⁴C-leucine incorporation by citrus mesophyll cells, also was inhibited more by metalaxyl and the S⁺ isomer than by the R- isomer. After 30 min of incubation at 100 pM, the R- isomer inhibited ¹⁴C-leucine incorporation by 29%, whereas incorporation of ¹⁴C-leucine in the metalaxyl and the S⁺ isomer treatments was higher (46 and 81%, respectively). Similarly, the highest ¹⁴C-leucine uptake at 60 min was obtained by R- at all concentrations. The assays showed that the R- and S⁺ isomers differ in their biological activity as expressed by weight loss of pepper plants and inhibition of protein synthesis and that the S⁺ isomer is responsible for the phytotoxicity of metalaxyl. The findings in this study show that the phytotoxicity of metalaxyl was due to the presence of the S⁺ optical isomer. Removal of this isomer from metalaxyl has enabled the continued use of this fungicide for control of foot rot and root rot in citrus.

Notice en format standard (ISO 2709)

Pour connaître la documentation sur le format Inist Standard.

A01	`01`	`1`		`@0 0191-2917`
A02	`01`			`@0 PLDIDE`
A03		`1`		`@0 Plant dis.`
A05				`@2 87`
A06				`@2 9`
A08	`01`	`1`	`ENG`	`@1 Phytotoxicity of the fungicide metalaxyl and its optical isomers`
A11	`01`	`1`		`@1 SINGH (M.)`
A11	`02`	`1`		`@1 MERSIE (W.)`
A11	`03`	`1`		`@1 BRLANSKY (R. H.)`
A14	`01`			`@1 University of Florida, IFAS, Citrus Research and Education Center @2 Lake Alfred 33850 @3 USA @Z 1 aut. @Z 3 aut.`
A14	`02`			`@1 Virginia State University @2 Petersburg 23806 @3 USA @Z 2 aut.`
A20				`@1 1144-1147`
A21				`@1 2003`
A23	`01`			`@0 ENG`
A43	`01`			`@1 INIST @2 12673 @5 354000112773900230`
A44				`@0 0000 @1 © 2004 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.`
A45				`@0 16 ref.`
A47	`01`	`1`		`@0 04-0037643`
A60				`@1 P`
A61				`@0 A`
A64	`01`	`1`		`@0 Plant disease`
A66	`01`			`@0 USA`
C01	`01`		`ENG`	@0 Metalaxyl is a systemic fungicide commonly used in citrus production to control Phytophthora root rot and foot rot. When applied as a drench, injury was observed on newly planted, young citrus trees. The visual injury symptoms ranged from light- to bright-yellow leaves. It was learned that the commercial formulation of metalaxyl contained various isomers and that these isomers may vary in phytotoxic effects on citrus leaves. The objective of this study was to determine the difference in herbicidal activity between the two optical isomers of metalaxyl on pepper plants and citrus leaves. The phytotoxicity of the fungicide metalaxyl and its optical isomers (CGA76538, S⁺; CGA76539, R-) was determined using a pepper seedling growth bioassay and by measuring protein synthesis as estimated by the incorporation of ¹⁴C-leucine by citrus mesophyll cells. The two isomers and metalaxyl differed in their herbicidal activity to pepper plants and citrus cells. Pepper seedlings treated with R- had significantly higher mean fresh weight than plants treated with metalaxyl or S⁺ at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 100 ppm. Protein synthesis, as measured by the inhibition of ¹⁴C-leucine incorporation by citrus mesophyll cells, also was inhibited more by metalaxyl and the S⁺ isomer than by the R- isomer. After 30 min of incubation at 100 pM, the R- isomer inhibited ¹⁴C-leucine incorporation by 29%, whereas incorporation of ¹⁴C-leucine in the metalaxyl and the S⁺ isomer treatments was higher (46 and 81%, respectively). Similarly, the highest ¹⁴C-leucine uptake at 60 min was obtained by R- at all concentrations. The assays showed that the R- and S⁺ isomers differ in their biological activity as expressed by weight loss of pepper plants and inhibition of protein synthesis and that the S⁺ isomer is responsible for the phytotoxicity of metalaxyl. The findings in this study show that the phytotoxicity of metalaxyl was due to the presence of the S⁺ optical isomer. Removal of this isomer from metalaxyl has enabled the continued use of this fungicide for control of foot rot and root rot in citrus.
C02	`01`	`X`		`@0 002A34D01C3`
C03	`01`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Citrus sinensis @2 NS @5 01`
C03	`01`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Citrus sinensis @2 NS @5 01`
C03	`01`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Citrus sinensis @2 NS @5 01`
C03	`02`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Capsicum frutescens @2 NS @5 02`
C03	`02`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Capsicum frutescens @2 NS @5 02`
C03	`02`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Capsicum frutescens @2 NS @5 02`
C03	`03`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Isomère optique @5 05`
C03	`03`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Optical isomer @5 05`
C03	`03`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Isómero óptico @5 05`
C03	`04`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Phytotoxicité @5 06`
C03	`04`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Phytotoxicity @5 06`
C03	`04`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Fitotoxicidad @5 06`
C03	`05`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Metalaxyl @2 NK @2 FF @2 FX @5 67`
C03	`05`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Metalaxyl @2 NK @2 FF @2 FX @5 67`
C03	`05`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Metalaxyl @2 NK @2 FF @2 FX @5 67`
C07	`01`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Rutaceae @2 NS`
C07	`01`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Rutaceae @2 NS`
C07	`01`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Rutaceae @2 NS`
C07	`02`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Dicotyledones @2 NS`
C07	`02`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Dicotyledones @2 NS`
C07	`02`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Dicotyledones @2 NS`
C07	`03`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Angiospermae @2 NS`
C07	`03`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Angiospermae @2 NS`
C07	`03`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Angiospermae @2 NS`
C07	`04`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Spermatophyta @2 NS`
C07	`04`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Spermatophyta @2 NS`
C07	`04`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Spermatophyta @2 NS`
C07	`05`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Solanaceae @2 NS`
C07	`05`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Solanaceae @2 NS`
C07	`05`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Solanaceae @2 NS`
C07	`06`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Carboxamide @5 13`
C07	`06`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Carboxamide @5 13`
C07	`06`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Carboxamida @5 13`
C07	`07`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Fongicide @5 73`
C07	`07`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Fungicide @5 73`
C07	`07`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Fungicida @5 73`
C07	`08`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Pesticide`
C07	`08`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Pesticides`
C07	`08`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Plaguicida`
C07	`09`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Agrume @5 75`
C07	`09`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Citrus fruit @5 75`
C07	`09`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Agrios @5 75`
C07	`10`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Plante condimentaire @5 77`
C07	`10`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Flavoring crop @5 77`
C07	`10`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Planta condimentaria @5 77`
N21				`@1 026`
N82				`@1 PSI`

Format Inist (serveur)

NO :	PASCAL 04-0037643 INIST
ET :	Phytotoxicity of the fungicide metalaxyl and its optical isomers
AU :	SINGH (M.); MERSIE (W.); BRLANSKY (R. H.)
AF :	University of Florida, IFAS, Citrus Research and Education Center/Lake Alfred 33850/Etats-Unis (1 aut., 3 aut.); Virginia State University/Petersburg 23806/Etats-Unis (2 aut.)
DT :	Publication en série; Niveau analytique
SO :	Plant disease; ISSN 0191-2917; Coden PLDIDE; Etats-Unis; Da. 2003; Vol. 87; No. 9; Pp. 1144-1147; Bibl. 16 ref.
LA :	Anglais
EA :	Metalaxyl is a systemic fungicide commonly used in citrus production to control Phytophthora root rot and foot rot. When applied as a drench, injury was observed on newly planted, young citrus trees. The visual injury symptoms ranged from light- to bright-yellow leaves. It was learned that the commercial formulation of metalaxyl contained various isomers and that these isomers may vary in phytotoxic effects on citrus leaves. The objective of this study was to determine the difference in herbicidal activity between the two optical isomers of metalaxyl on pepper plants and citrus leaves. The phytotoxicity of the fungicide metalaxyl and its optical isomers (CGA76538, S⁺; CGA76539, R-) was determined using a pepper seedling growth bioassay and by measuring protein synthesis as estimated by the incorporation of ¹⁴C-leucine by citrus mesophyll cells. The two isomers and metalaxyl differed in their herbicidal activity to pepper plants and citrus cells. Pepper seedlings treated with R- had significantly higher mean fresh weight than plants treated with metalaxyl or S⁺ at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 100 ppm. Protein synthesis, as measured by the inhibition of ¹⁴C-leucine incorporation by citrus mesophyll cells, also was inhibited more by metalaxyl and the S⁺ isomer than by the R- isomer. After 30 min of incubation at 100 pM, the R- isomer inhibited ¹⁴C-leucine incorporation by 29%, whereas incorporation of ¹⁴C-leucine in the metalaxyl and the S⁺ isomer treatments was higher (46 and 81%, respectively). Similarly, the highest ¹⁴C-leucine uptake at 60 min was obtained by R- at all concentrations. The assays showed that the R- and S⁺ isomers differ in their biological activity as expressed by weight loss of pepper plants and inhibition of protein synthesis and that the S⁺ isomer is responsible for the phytotoxicity of metalaxyl. The findings in this study show that the phytotoxicity of metalaxyl was due to the presence of the S⁺ optical isomer. Removal of this isomer from metalaxyl has enabled the continued use of this fungicide for control of foot rot and root rot in citrus.
CC :	002A34D01C3
FD :	Citrus sinensis; Capsicum frutescens; Isomère optique; Phytotoxicité; Metalaxyl
FG :	Rutaceae; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Spermatophyta; Solanaceae; Carboxamide; Fongicide; Pesticide; Agrume; Plante condimentaire
ED :	Citrus sinensis; Capsicum frutescens; Optical isomer; Phytotoxicity; Metalaxyl
EG :	Rutaceae; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Spermatophyta; Solanaceae; Carboxamide; Fungicide; Pesticides; Citrus fruit; Flavoring crop
SD :	Citrus sinensis; Capsicum frutescens; Isómero óptico; Fitotoxicidad; Metalaxyl
LO :	INIST-12673.354000112773900230
ID :	04-0037643

Links to Exploration step

Pascal:04-0037643

Le document en format XML

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<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>University of Florida, IFAS, Citrus Research and Education Center</s1>
<s2>Lake Alfred 33850</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
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<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Virginia State University</s1>
<s2>Petersburg 23806</s2>
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<author><name sortKey="Brlansky, R H" sort="Brlansky, R H" uniqKey="Brlansky R" first="R. H." last="Brlansky">R. H. Brlansky</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Phytotoxicity of the fungicide metalaxyl and its optical isomers</title>
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<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Citrus sinensis</term>
<term>Capsicum frutescens</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Metalaxyl is a systemic fungicide commonly used in citrus production to control Phytophthora root rot and foot rot. When applied as a drench, injury was observed on newly planted, young citrus trees. The visual injury symptoms ranged from light- to bright-yellow leaves. It was learned that the commercial formulation of metalaxyl contained various isomers and that these isomers may vary in phytotoxic effects on citrus leaves. The objective of this study was to determine the difference in herbicidal activity between the two optical isomers of metalaxyl on pepper plants and citrus leaves. The phytotoxicity of the fungicide metalaxyl and its optical isomers (CGA76538, S<sup>+</sup>
; CGA76539, R-) was determined using a pepper seedling growth bioassay and by measuring protein synthesis as estimated by the incorporation of <sup>14</sup>
C-leucine by citrus mesophyll cells. The two isomers and metalaxyl differed in their herbicidal activity to pepper plants and citrus cells. Pepper seedlings treated with R- had significantly higher mean fresh weight than plants treated with metalaxyl or S<sup>+</sup>
 at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 100 ppm. Protein synthesis, as measured by the inhibition of <sup>14</sup>
C-leucine incorporation by citrus mesophyll cells, also was inhibited more by metalaxyl and the S<sup>+</sup>
 isomer than by the R- isomer. After 30 min of incubation at 100 pM, the R- isomer inhibited <sup>14</sup>
C-leucine incorporation by 29%, whereas incorporation of <sup>14</sup>
C-leucine in the metalaxyl and the S<sup>+</sup>
 isomer treatments was higher (46 and 81%, respectively). Similarly, the highest <sup>14</sup>
C-leucine uptake at 60 min was obtained by R- at all concentrations. The assays showed that the R- and S<sup>+</sup>
 isomers differ in their biological activity as expressed by weight loss of pepper plants and inhibition of protein synthesis and that the S<sup>+</sup>
 isomer is responsible for the phytotoxicity of metalaxyl. The findings in this study show that the phytotoxicity of metalaxyl was due to the presence of the S<sup>+</sup>
 optical isomer. Removal of this isomer from metalaxyl has enabled the continued use of this fungicide for control of foot rot and root rot in citrus.</div>
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<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Metalaxyl is a systemic fungicide commonly used in citrus production to control Phytophthora root rot and foot rot. When applied as a drench, injury was observed on newly planted, young citrus trees. The visual injury symptoms ranged from light- to bright-yellow leaves. It was learned that the commercial formulation of metalaxyl contained various isomers and that these isomers may vary in phytotoxic effects on citrus leaves. The objective of this study was to determine the difference in herbicidal activity between the two optical isomers of metalaxyl on pepper plants and citrus leaves. The phytotoxicity of the fungicide metalaxyl and its optical isomers (CGA76538, S<sup>+</sup>
; CGA76539, R-) was determined using a pepper seedling growth bioassay and by measuring protein synthesis as estimated by the incorporation of <sup>14</sup>
C-leucine by citrus mesophyll cells. The two isomers and metalaxyl differed in their herbicidal activity to pepper plants and citrus cells. Pepper seedlings treated with R- had significantly higher mean fresh weight than plants treated with metalaxyl or S<sup>+</sup>
 at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 100 ppm. Protein synthesis, as measured by the inhibition of <sup>14</sup>
C-leucine incorporation by citrus mesophyll cells, also was inhibited more by metalaxyl and the S<sup>+</sup>
 isomer than by the R- isomer. After 30 min of incubation at 100 pM, the R- isomer inhibited <sup>14</sup>
C-leucine incorporation by 29%, whereas incorporation of <sup>14</sup>
C-leucine in the metalaxyl and the S<sup>+</sup>
 isomer treatments was higher (46 and 81%, respectively). Similarly, the highest <sup>14</sup>
C-leucine uptake at 60 min was obtained by R- at all concentrations. The assays showed that the R- and S<sup>+</sup>
 isomers differ in their biological activity as expressed by weight loss of pepper plants and inhibition of protein synthesis and that the S<sup>+</sup>
 isomer is responsible for the phytotoxicity of metalaxyl. The findings in this study show that the phytotoxicity of metalaxyl was due to the presence of the S<sup>+</sup>
 optical isomer. Removal of this isomer from metalaxyl has enabled the continued use of this fungicide for control of foot rot and root rot in citrus.</s0>
</fC01>
<fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002A34D01C3</s0>
</fC02>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Citrus sinensis</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Citrus sinensis</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Citrus sinensis</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Capsicum frutescens</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Capsicum frutescens</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Capsicum frutescens</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Isomère optique</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Optical isomer</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Isómero óptico</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Phytotoxicité</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Phytotoxicity</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Fitotoxicidad</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Metalaxyl</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FF</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>67</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Metalaxyl</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FF</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>67</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Metalaxyl</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FF</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>67</s5>
</fC03>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Rutaceae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Rutaceae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Rutaceae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Dicotyledones</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Dicotyledones</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Dicotyledones</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Angiospermae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Angiospermae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Angiospermae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Spermatophyta</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Spermatophyta</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Spermatophyta</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Solanaceae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Solanaceae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Solanaceae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Carboxamide</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Carboxamide</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Carboxamida</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Fongicide</s0>
<s5>73</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Fungicide</s0>
<s5>73</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Fungicida</s0>
<s5>73</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pesticide</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Pesticides</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Plaguicida</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Agrume</s0>
<s5>75</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Citrus fruit</s0>
<s5>75</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Agrios</s0>
<s5>75</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Plante condimentaire</s0>
<s5>77</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Flavoring crop</s0>
<s5>77</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Planta condimentaria</s0>
<s5>77</s5>
</fC07>
<fN21><s1>026</s1>
</fN21>
<fN82><s1>PSI</s1>
</fN82>
</pA>
</standard>
<server><NO>PASCAL 04-0037643 INIST</NO>
<ET>Phytotoxicity of the fungicide metalaxyl and its optical isomers</ET>
<AU>SINGH (M.); MERSIE (W.); BRLANSKY (R. H.)</AU>
<AF>University of Florida, IFAS, Citrus Research and Education Center/Lake Alfred 33850/Etats-Unis (1 aut., 3 aut.); Virginia State University/Petersburg 23806/Etats-Unis (2 aut.)</AF>
<DT>Publication en série; Niveau analytique</DT>
<SO>Plant disease; ISSN 0191-2917; Coden PLDIDE; Etats-Unis; Da. 2003; Vol. 87; No. 9; Pp. 1144-1147; Bibl. 16 ref.</SO>
<LA>Anglais</LA>
<EA>Metalaxyl is a systemic fungicide commonly used in citrus production to control Phytophthora root rot and foot rot. When applied as a drench, injury was observed on newly planted, young citrus trees. The visual injury symptoms ranged from light- to bright-yellow leaves. It was learned that the commercial formulation of metalaxyl contained various isomers and that these isomers may vary in phytotoxic effects on citrus leaves. The objective of this study was to determine the difference in herbicidal activity between the two optical isomers of metalaxyl on pepper plants and citrus leaves. The phytotoxicity of the fungicide metalaxyl and its optical isomers (CGA76538, S<sup>+</sup>
; CGA76539, R-) was determined using a pepper seedling growth bioassay and by measuring protein synthesis as estimated by the incorporation of <sup>14</sup>
C-leucine by citrus mesophyll cells. The two isomers and metalaxyl differed in their herbicidal activity to pepper plants and citrus cells. Pepper seedlings treated with R- had significantly higher mean fresh weight than plants treated with metalaxyl or S<sup>+</sup>
 at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 100 ppm. Protein synthesis, as measured by the inhibition of <sup>14</sup>
C-leucine incorporation by citrus mesophyll cells, also was inhibited more by metalaxyl and the S<sup>+</sup>
 isomer than by the R- isomer. After 30 min of incubation at 100 pM, the R- isomer inhibited <sup>14</sup>
C-leucine incorporation by 29%, whereas incorporation of <sup>14</sup>
C-leucine in the metalaxyl and the S<sup>+</sup>
 isomer treatments was higher (46 and 81%, respectively). Similarly, the highest <sup>14</sup>
C-leucine uptake at 60 min was obtained by R- at all concentrations. The assays showed that the R- and S<sup>+</sup>
 isomers differ in their biological activity as expressed by weight loss of pepper plants and inhibition of protein synthesis and that the S<sup>+</sup>
 isomer is responsible for the phytotoxicity of metalaxyl. The findings in this study show that the phytotoxicity of metalaxyl was due to the presence of the S<sup>+</sup>
 optical isomer. Removal of this isomer from metalaxyl has enabled the continued use of this fungicide for control of foot rot and root rot in citrus.</EA>
<CC>002A34D01C3</CC>
<FD>Citrus sinensis; Capsicum frutescens; Isomère optique; Phytotoxicité; Metalaxyl</FD>
<FG>Rutaceae; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Spermatophyta; Solanaceae; Carboxamide; Fongicide; Pesticide; Agrume; Plante condimentaire</FG>
<ED>Citrus sinensis; Capsicum frutescens; Optical isomer; Phytotoxicity; Metalaxyl</ED>
<EG>Rutaceae; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Spermatophyta; Solanaceae; Carboxamide; Fungicide; Pesticides; Citrus fruit; Flavoring crop</EG>
<SD>Citrus sinensis; Capsicum frutescens; Isómero óptico; Fitotoxicidad; Metalaxyl</SD>
<LO>INIST-12673.354000112773900230</LO>
<ID>04-0037643</ID>
</server>
</inist>
</record>

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Phytotoxicity of the fungicide metalaxyl and its optical isomers

Phytotoxicity of the fungicide metalaxyl and its optical isomers

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