OrangerV1, PascalFrancis, Corpus, bibRecord, 000718

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and ethylene in relation to chilling injury as affected by fruit age in citrus

Identifieur interne : 000718 ( PascalFrancis/Corpus ); précédent : 000717; suivant : 000719

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and ethylene in relation to chilling injury as affected by fruit age in citrus

Auteurs : Maria T. Lafuente ; Lorenzo Zacarias ; Miguel A. Martinez-Tellez ; Maria T. Sanchez-Ballesta ; Antonio Granell

Source :

Postharvest biology and technology [ 0925-5214 ] ; 2003.

RBID : Pascal:04-0037723

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, Résistance froid, Dégât, Age, Fruit, Orange, Mandarine, Basse température, Activité enzymatique, Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulata, Ethylène, Stade développement, Physiologie après récolte.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Age, Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis, Cold resistance, Damage, Developmental stage, Enzymatic activity, Ethylene, Fruit, Low temperature, Mandarin, Orange, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, Postharvest physiology.

Abstract

Fruit of many citrus cultivars become injured when exposed to low, non-freezing temperatures. In this study we have determined changes in ethylene production and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5) in fruit of three citrus cultivars, 'Fortune' mandarins, and 'Navelina' and 'Valencia' late oranges, with different tolerance to chilling injury (CI) and demonstrated the influence of fruit physiological stage on those stress responses. We have shown that the increase in ethylene production and PAL are cold-induced responses which are only stimulated in fruit of citrus cultivars showing chilling damage and that both responses may occur concomitantly with the development of chilling symptoms. However, the magnitude of these responses was not indicative of the degree of tolerance of a specific cultivar to chilling. The influence of fruit age on both responses was evaluated in the most ('Navelina') and the least ('Fortune') chilling tolerant cultivars. Chilling damage was not developed in 'Navelina' fruit at any physiological stage, but our results in 'Fortune' mandarins, which always developed chilling symptoms, indicated that the induction of PAL in response to chilling was dependent on the fruit physiological stage. Interestingly, increases in both PAL mRNA and activity were barely affected by cold stress in the youngest 'Fortune' fruit harvested in December in spite of its noticeable CI. For a similar CI index, the older the fruit, the higher was the shift in the levels of PAL transcript and in PAL activity in response to cold. In contrast, the cold-induced ethylene production was little affected by the physiological stage of the fruit.

Notice en format standard (ISO 2709)

Pour connaître la documentation sur le format Inist Standard.

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Format Inist (serveur)

NO :	PASCAL 04-0037723 INIST
ET :	Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and ethylene in relation to chilling injury as affected by fruit age in citrus
AU :	LAFUENTE (Maria T.); ZACARIAS (Lorenzo); MARTINEZ-TELLEZ (Miguel A.); SANCHEZ-BALLESTA (Maria T.); GRANELL (Antonio)
AF :	Instituto de Agroquimica y Tecnologia de Alimentas (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado de Correos 73/Burjassot 46100, Valencia/Espagne (1 aut., 2 aut., 4 aut.); Centra de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., CIAD, Apartado Postal 1735/Hermosillo, Sonora 83000/Mexique (3 aut.); Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia/Avda Tarongers, s/n Valencia/Espagne (5 aut.)
DT :	Publication en série; Niveau analytique
SO :	Postharvest biology and technology; ISSN 0925-5214; Etats-Unis; Da. 2003; Vol. 29; No. 3; Pp. 309-318; Bibl. 31 ref.
LA :	Anglais
EA :	Fruit of many citrus cultivars become injured when exposed to low, non-freezing temperatures. In this study we have determined changes in ethylene production and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5) in fruit of three citrus cultivars, 'Fortune' mandarins, and 'Navelina' and 'Valencia' late oranges, with different tolerance to chilling injury (CI) and demonstrated the influence of fruit physiological stage on those stress responses. We have shown that the increase in ethylene production and PAL are cold-induced responses which are only stimulated in fruit of citrus cultivars showing chilling damage and that both responses may occur concomitantly with the development of chilling symptoms. However, the magnitude of these responses was not indicative of the degree of tolerance of a specific cultivar to chilling. The influence of fruit age on both responses was evaluated in the most ('Navelina') and the least ('Fortune') chilling tolerant cultivars. Chilling damage was not developed in 'Navelina' fruit at any physiological stage, but our results in 'Fortune' mandarins, which always developed chilling symptoms, indicated that the induction of PAL in response to chilling was dependent on the fruit physiological stage. Interestingly, increases in both PAL mRNA and activity were barely affected by cold stress in the youngest 'Fortune' fruit harvested in December in spite of its noticeable CI. For a similar CI index, the older the fruit, the higher was the shift in the levels of PAL transcript and in PAL activity in response to cold. In contrast, the cold-induced ethylene production was little affected by the physiological stage of the fruit.
CC :	002A35B09; 002A32E06E
FD :	Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; Résistance froid; Dégât; Age; Fruit; Orange; Mandarine; Basse température; Activité enzymatique; Citrus sinensis; Citrus reticulata; Ethylène; Stade développement; Physiologie après récolte
FG :	Ammonia-lyases; Carbon-nitrogen lyases; Lyases; Enzyme; Rutaceae; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Spermatophyta; Sensibilité résistance; Agrume; Substance croissance végétal; Phytohormone
ED :	Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; Cold resistance; Damage; Age; Fruit; Orange; Mandarin; Low temperature; Enzymatic activity; Citrus sinensis; Citrus reticulata; Ethylene; Developmental stage; Postharvest physiology
EG :	Ammonia-lyases; Carbon-nitrogen lyases; Lyases; Enzyme; Rutaceae; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Spermatophyta; Sensitivity resistance; Citrus fruit; Plant growth substance; Phytohormone
SD :	Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; Resistencia frío; Estrago; Edad; Fruto; Naranja; Mandarina; Baja temperatura; Actividad enzimática; Citrus sinensis; Citrus reticulata; Etileno; Grado desarrollo; Fisiología después cosecha
LO :	INIST-27011.354000113294490080
ID :	04-0037723

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Pascal:04-0037723

Le document en format XML

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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Fruit of many citrus cultivars become injured when exposed to low, non-freezing temperatures. In this study we have determined changes in ethylene production and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5) in fruit of three citrus cultivars, 'Fortune' mandarins, and 'Navelina' and 'Valencia' late oranges, with different tolerance to chilling injury (CI) and demonstrated the influence of fruit physiological stage on those stress responses. We have shown that the increase in ethylene production and PAL are cold-induced responses which are only stimulated in fruit of citrus cultivars showing chilling damage and that both responses may occur concomitantly with the development of chilling symptoms. However, the magnitude of these responses was not indicative of the degree of tolerance of a specific cultivar to chilling. The influence of fruit age on both responses was evaluated in the most ('Navelina') and the least ('Fortune') chilling tolerant cultivars. Chilling damage was not developed in 'Navelina' fruit at any physiological stage, but our results in 'Fortune' mandarins, which always developed chilling symptoms, indicated that the induction of PAL in response to chilling was dependent on the fruit physiological stage. Interestingly, increases in both PAL mRNA and activity were barely affected by cold stress in the youngest 'Fortune' fruit harvested in December in spite of its noticeable CI. For a similar CI index, the older the fruit, the higher was the shift in the levels of PAL transcript and in PAL activity in response to cold. In contrast, the cold-induced ethylene production was little affected by the physiological stage of the fruit.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0925-5214</s0>
</fA01>
<fA03 i2="1"><s0>Postharvest biol. technol.</s0>
</fA03>
<fA05><s2>29</s2>
</fA05>
<fA06><s2>3</s2>
</fA06>
<fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and ethylene in relation to chilling injury as affected by fruit age in citrus</s1>
</fA08>
<fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>LAFUENTE (Maria T.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>ZACARIAS (Lorenzo)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>MARTINEZ-TELLEZ (Miguel A.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>SANCHEZ-BALLESTA (Maria T.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>GRANELL (Antonio)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA14 i1="01"><s1>Instituto de Agroquimica y Tecnologia de Alimentas (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado de Correos 73</s1>
<s2>Burjassot 46100, Valencia</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="02"><s1>Centra de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., CIAD, Apartado Postal 1735</s1>
<s2>Hermosillo, Sonora 83000</s2>
<s3>MEX</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="03"><s1>Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia</s1>
<s2>Avda Tarongers, s/n Valencia</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA20><s1>309-318</s1>
</fA20>
<fA21><s1>2003</s1>
</fA21>
<fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0>
</fA23>
<fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1>
<s2>27011</s2>
<s5>354000113294490080</s5>
</fA43>
<fA44><s0>0000</s0>
<s1>© 2004 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1>
</fA44>
<fA45><s0>31 ref.</s0>
</fA45>
<fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>04-0037723</s0>
</fA47>
<fA60><s1>P</s1>
</fA60>
<fA61><s0>A</s0>
</fA61>
<fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Postharvest biology and technology</s0>
</fA64>
<fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0>
</fA66>
<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Fruit of many citrus cultivars become injured when exposed to low, non-freezing temperatures. In this study we have determined changes in ethylene production and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5) in fruit of three citrus cultivars, 'Fortune' mandarins, and 'Navelina' and 'Valencia' late oranges, with different tolerance to chilling injury (CI) and demonstrated the influence of fruit physiological stage on those stress responses. We have shown that the increase in ethylene production and PAL are cold-induced responses which are only stimulated in fruit of citrus cultivars showing chilling damage and that both responses may occur concomitantly with the development of chilling symptoms. However, the magnitude of these responses was not indicative of the degree of tolerance of a specific cultivar to chilling. The influence of fruit age on both responses was evaluated in the most ('Navelina') and the least ('Fortune') chilling tolerant cultivars. Chilling damage was not developed in 'Navelina' fruit at any physiological stage, but our results in 'Fortune' mandarins, which always developed chilling symptoms, indicated that the induction of PAL in response to chilling was dependent on the fruit physiological stage. Interestingly, increases in both PAL mRNA and activity were barely affected by cold stress in the youngest 'Fortune' fruit harvested in December in spite of its noticeable CI. For a similar CI index, the older the fruit, the higher was the shift in the levels of PAL transcript and in PAL activity in response to cold. In contrast, the cold-induced ethylene production was little affected by the physiological stage of the fruit.</s0>
</fC01>
<fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002A35B09</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="02" i2="X"><s0>002A32E06E</s0>
</fC02>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Résistance froid</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Cold resistance</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Resistencia frío</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Dégât</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Damage</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Estrago</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Age</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Age</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Edad</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Fruit</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Fruit</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Fruto</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Orange</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Orange</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Naranja</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Mandarine</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Mandarin</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Mandarina</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Basse température</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Low temperature</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Baja temperatura</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Activité enzymatique</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Enzymatic activity</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Actividad enzimática</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Citrus sinensis</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Citrus sinensis</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Citrus sinensis</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Citrus reticulata</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Citrus reticulata</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Citrus reticulata</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Ethylène</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ethylene</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Etileno</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Stade développement</s0>
<s5>34</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Developmental stage</s0>
<s5>34</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Grado desarrollo</s0>
<s5>34</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Physiologie après récolte</s0>
<s5>35</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Postharvest physiology</s0>
<s5>35</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Fisiología después cosecha</s0>
<s5>35</s5>
</fC03>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Ammonia-lyases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ammonia-lyases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Ammonia-lyases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Carbon-nitrogen lyases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Carbon-nitrogen lyases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Carbon-nitrogen lyases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Lyases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Lyases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Lyases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Enzyme</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Enzyme</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Enzima</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Rutaceae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Rutaceae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Rutaceae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Dicotyledones</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Dicotyledones</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Dicotyledones</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Angiospermae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Angiospermae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Angiospermae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Spermatophyta</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Spermatophyta</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Spermatophyta</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Sensibilité résistance</s0>
<s5>33</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Sensitivity resistance</s0>
<s5>33</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Sensibilidad resistencia</s0>
<s5>33</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Agrume</s0>
<s5>39</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Citrus fruit</s0>
<s5>39</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Agrios</s0>
<s5>39</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Substance croissance végétal</s0>
<s5>50</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Plant growth substance</s0>
<s5>50</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Substancia crecimiento vegetal</s0>
<s5>50</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Phytohormone</s0>
<s5>51</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Phytohormone</s0>
<s5>51</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Fitohormona</s0>
<s5>51</s5>
</fC07>
<fN21><s1>026</s1>
</fN21>
<fN82><s1>PSI</s1>
</fN82>
</pA>
</standard>
<server><NO>PASCAL 04-0037723 INIST</NO>
<ET>Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and ethylene in relation to chilling injury as affected by fruit age in citrus</ET>
<AU>LAFUENTE (Maria T.); ZACARIAS (Lorenzo); MARTINEZ-TELLEZ (Miguel A.); SANCHEZ-BALLESTA (Maria T.); GRANELL (Antonio)</AU>
<AF>Instituto de Agroquimica y Tecnologia de Alimentas (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado de Correos 73/Burjassot 46100, Valencia/Espagne (1 aut., 2 aut., 4 aut.); Centra de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., CIAD, Apartado Postal 1735/Hermosillo, Sonora 83000/Mexique (3 aut.); Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia/Avda Tarongers, s/n Valencia/Espagne (5 aut.)</AF>
<DT>Publication en série; Niveau analytique</DT>
<SO>Postharvest biology and technology; ISSN 0925-5214; Etats-Unis; Da. 2003; Vol. 29; No. 3; Pp. 309-318; Bibl. 31 ref.</SO>
<LA>Anglais</LA>
<EA>Fruit of many citrus cultivars become injured when exposed to low, non-freezing temperatures. In this study we have determined changes in ethylene production and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5) in fruit of three citrus cultivars, 'Fortune' mandarins, and 'Navelina' and 'Valencia' late oranges, with different tolerance to chilling injury (CI) and demonstrated the influence of fruit physiological stage on those stress responses. We have shown that the increase in ethylene production and PAL are cold-induced responses which are only stimulated in fruit of citrus cultivars showing chilling damage and that both responses may occur concomitantly with the development of chilling symptoms. However, the magnitude of these responses was not indicative of the degree of tolerance of a specific cultivar to chilling. The influence of fruit age on both responses was evaluated in the most ('Navelina') and the least ('Fortune') chilling tolerant cultivars. Chilling damage was not developed in 'Navelina' fruit at any physiological stage, but our results in 'Fortune' mandarins, which always developed chilling symptoms, indicated that the induction of PAL in response to chilling was dependent on the fruit physiological stage. Interestingly, increases in both PAL mRNA and activity were barely affected by cold stress in the youngest 'Fortune' fruit harvested in December in spite of its noticeable CI. For a similar CI index, the older the fruit, the higher was the shift in the levels of PAL transcript and in PAL activity in response to cold. In contrast, the cold-induced ethylene production was little affected by the physiological stage of the fruit.</EA>
<CC>002A35B09; 002A32E06E</CC>
<FD>Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; Résistance froid; Dégât; Age; Fruit; Orange; Mandarine; Basse température; Activité enzymatique; Citrus sinensis; Citrus reticulata; Ethylène; Stade développement; Physiologie après récolte</FD>
<FG>Ammonia-lyases; Carbon-nitrogen lyases; Lyases; Enzyme; Rutaceae; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Spermatophyta; Sensibilité résistance; Agrume; Substance croissance végétal; Phytohormone</FG>
<ED>Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; Cold resistance; Damage; Age; Fruit; Orange; Mandarin; Low temperature; Enzymatic activity; Citrus sinensis; Citrus reticulata; Ethylene; Developmental stage; Postharvest physiology</ED>
<EG>Ammonia-lyases; Carbon-nitrogen lyases; Lyases; Enzyme; Rutaceae; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Spermatophyta; Sensitivity resistance; Citrus fruit; Plant growth substance; Phytohormone</EG>
<SD>Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; Resistencia frío; Estrago; Edad; Fruto; Naranja; Mandarina; Baja temperatura; Actividad enzimática; Citrus sinensis; Citrus reticulata; Etileno; Grado desarrollo; Fisiología después cosecha</SD>
<LO>INIST-27011.354000113294490080</LO>
<ID>04-0037723</ID>
</server>
</inist>
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Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and ethylene in relation to chilling injury as affected by fruit age in citrus

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and ethylene in relation to chilling injury as affected by fruit age in citrus

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