High Incidence of Preharvest Colonization of Huanglongbing-Symptomatic Citrus sinensis Fruit by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Diplodia natalensis) and Exacerbation of Postharvest Fruit Decay by That Fungus
Identifieur interne : 001880 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 001879; suivant : 001881High Incidence of Preharvest Colonization of Huanglongbing-Symptomatic Citrus sinensis Fruit by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Diplodia natalensis) and Exacerbation of Postharvest Fruit Decay by That Fungus
Auteurs : Wei Zhao ; Jinhe Bai ; Greg Mccollum ; Elizabeth BaldwinSource :
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology [ 0099-2240 ] ; 2014.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- isolation & purification : Ascomycota.
- microbiology : Citrus sinensis, Fruit, Plant Diseases.
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction.
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), presumably caused by the bacterium “
Url:
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02972-14
PubMed: 25344245
PubMed Central: 4272719
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PMC:4272719Le document en format XML
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Fruit by <named-content content-type="genus-species">Lasiodiplodia theobromae</named-content>
(<named-content content-type="genus-species">Diplodia natalensis</named-content>
) and Exacerbation of Postharvest Fruit Decay by That Fungus</title>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Wei" sort="Zhao, Wei" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Wei" last="Zhao">Wei Zhao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bai, Jinhe" sort="Bai, Jinhe" uniqKey="Bai J" first="Jinhe" last="Bai">Jinhe Bai</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Mccollum, Greg" sort="Mccollum, Greg" uniqKey="Mccollum G" first="Greg" last="Mccollum">Greg Mccollum</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Baldwin, Elizabeth" sort="Baldwin, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Baldwin E" first="Elizabeth" last="Baldwin">Elizabeth Baldwin</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">High Incidence of Preharvest Colonization of Huanglongbing-Symptomatic <named-content content-type="genus-species">Citrus sinensis</named-content>
Fruit by <named-content content-type="genus-species">Lasiodiplodia theobromae</named-content>
(<named-content content-type="genus-species">Diplodia natalensis</named-content>
) and Exacerbation of Postharvest Fruit Decay by That Fungus</title>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Wei" sort="Zhao, Wei" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Wei" last="Zhao">Wei Zhao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bai, Jinhe" sort="Bai, Jinhe" uniqKey="Bai J" first="Jinhe" last="Bai">Jinhe Bai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccollum, Greg" sort="Mccollum, Greg" uniqKey="Mccollum G" first="Greg" last="Mccollum">Greg Mccollum</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Baldwin, Elizabeth" sort="Baldwin, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Baldwin E" first="Elizabeth" last="Baldwin">Elizabeth Baldwin</name>
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<term>Plant Diseases (microbiology)</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Huanglongbing (HLB), presumably caused by the bacterium “<named-content content-type="genus-species">Candidatus</named-content>
Liberibacter asiaticus,” is a devastating citrus disease associated with excessive preharvest fruit drop. <named-content content-type="genus-species">Lasiodiplodia theobromae</named-content>
(diplodia) is the causal organism of citrus stem end rot (SER). The pathogen infects citrus fruit under the calyx abscission zone (AZ-C) and is associated with cell wall hydrolytic enzymes similar to plant enzymes involved in abscission. By means of DNA sequencing, diplodia was found in “<italic>Ca</italic>
. Liberibacter asiaticus”-positive juice from HLB-symptomatic fruit (S) but not in “<italic>Ca</italic>
. Liberibacter asiaticus”-negative juice. Therefore, the incidence of diplodia in fruit tissues, the impact on HLB-related postharvest decay, and the implications for HLB-related preharvest fruit drop were investigated in Hamlin and Valencia oranges. Quantitative PCR results (qPCR) revealed a significantly (<italic>P</italic>
< 0.001) greater incidence of diplodia in the AZ-C of HLB-symptomatic (S; “<italic>Ca</italic>
. Liberibacter asiaticus” threshold cycle [<italic>C<sub>T</sub>
</italic>
] of <30) than in the AZ-C of in asymptomatic (AS; “<italic>Ca</italic>
. Liberibacter asiaticus” <italic>C<sub>T</sub>
</italic>
of ≥30) fruit. In agreement with the qPCR results, 2 weeks after exposure to ethylene, the incidences of SER in S fruit were 66.7% (Hamlin) and 58.7% (Valencia), whereas for AS fruit the decay rates were 6.7% (Hamlin) and 5.3% (Valencia). Diplodia colonization of S fruit AZ-C was observed by scanning electron microscopy and confirmed by PCR test and morphology of conidia in isolates from the AZ-C after surface sterilization. Diplodia <italic>C<sub>T</sub>
</italic>
values were negatively correlated with ethylene production (<italic>R</italic>
= −0.838 for Hamlin; <italic>R</italic>
= −0.858 for Valencia) in S fruit, and positively correlated with fruit detachment force (<italic>R</italic>
= 0.855 for Hamlin; <italic>R</italic>
= 0.850 for Valencia), suggesting that diplodia colonization in AZ-C may exacerbate HLB-associated preharvest fruit drop.</p>
</div>
</front>
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Fruit by <named-content content-type="genus-species">Lasiodiplodia theobromae</named-content>
(<named-content content-type="genus-species">Diplodia natalensis</named-content>
) and Exacerbation of Postharvest Fruit Decay by That Fungus</title>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Wei" sort="Zhao, Wei" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Wei" last="Zhao">Wei Zhao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bai, Jinhe" sort="Bai, Jinhe" uniqKey="Bai J" first="Jinhe" last="Bai">Jinhe Bai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccollum, Greg" sort="Mccollum, Greg" uniqKey="Mccollum G" first="Greg" last="Mccollum">Greg Mccollum</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baldwin, Elizabeth" sort="Baldwin, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Baldwin E" first="Elizabeth" last="Baldwin">Elizabeth Baldwin</name>
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Fruit by <named-content content-type="genus-species">Lasiodiplodia theobromae</named-content>
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) and Exacerbation of Postharvest Fruit Decay by That Fungus</title>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Wei" sort="Zhao, Wei" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Wei" last="Zhao">Wei Zhao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bai, Jinhe" sort="Bai, Jinhe" uniqKey="Bai J" first="Jinhe" last="Bai">Jinhe Bai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccollum, Greg" sort="Mccollum, Greg" uniqKey="Mccollum G" first="Greg" last="Mccollum">Greg Mccollum</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Baldwin, Elizabeth" sort="Baldwin, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Baldwin E" first="Elizabeth" last="Baldwin">Elizabeth Baldwin</name>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Huanglongbing (HLB), presumably caused by the bacterium “<named-content content-type="genus-species">Candidatus</named-content>
Liberibacter asiaticus,” is a devastating citrus disease associated with excessive preharvest fruit drop. <named-content content-type="genus-species">Lasiodiplodia theobromae</named-content>
(diplodia) is the causal organism of citrus stem end rot (SER). The pathogen infects citrus fruit under the calyx abscission zone (AZ-C) and is associated with cell wall hydrolytic enzymes similar to plant enzymes involved in abscission. By means of DNA sequencing, diplodia was found in “<italic>Ca</italic>
. Liberibacter asiaticus”-positive juice from HLB-symptomatic fruit (S) but not in “<italic>Ca</italic>
. Liberibacter asiaticus”-negative juice. Therefore, the incidence of diplodia in fruit tissues, the impact on HLB-related postharvest decay, and the implications for HLB-related preharvest fruit drop were investigated in Hamlin and Valencia oranges. Quantitative PCR results (qPCR) revealed a significantly (<italic>P</italic>
< 0.001) greater incidence of diplodia in the AZ-C of HLB-symptomatic (S; “<italic>Ca</italic>
. Liberibacter asiaticus” threshold cycle [<italic>C<sub>T</sub>
</italic>
] of <30) than in the AZ-C of in asymptomatic (AS; “<italic>Ca</italic>
. Liberibacter asiaticus” <italic>C<sub>T</sub>
</italic>
of ≥30) fruit. In agreement with the qPCR results, 2 weeks after exposure to ethylene, the incidences of SER in S fruit were 66.7% (Hamlin) and 58.7% (Valencia), whereas for AS fruit the decay rates were 6.7% (Hamlin) and 5.3% (Valencia). Diplodia colonization of S fruit AZ-C was observed by scanning electron microscopy and confirmed by PCR test and morphology of conidia in isolates from the AZ-C after surface sterilization. Diplodia <italic>C<sub>T</sub>
</italic>
values were negatively correlated with ethylene production (<italic>R</italic>
= −0.838 for Hamlin; <italic>R</italic>
= −0.858 for Valencia) in S fruit, and positively correlated with fruit detachment force (<italic>R</italic>
= 0.855 for Hamlin; <italic>R</italic>
= 0.850 for Valencia), suggesting that diplodia colonization in AZ-C may exacerbate HLB-associated preharvest fruit drop.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">High incidence of preharvest colonization of huanglongbing-symptomatic citrus sinensis fruit by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Diplodia natalensis) and exacerbation of postharvest fruit decay by that fungus.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Wei" sort="Zhao, Wei" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Wei" last="Zhao">Wei Zhao</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Bai, Jinhe" sort="Bai, Jinhe" uniqKey="Bai J" first="Jinhe" last="Bai">Jinhe Bai</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Mccollum, Greg" sort="Mccollum, Greg" uniqKey="Mccollum G" first="Greg" last="Mccollum">Greg Mccollum</name>
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</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Baldwin, Elizabeth" sort="Baldwin, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Baldwin E" first="Elizabeth" last="Baldwin">Elizabeth Baldwin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>USDA, ARS Horticultural Research Laboratory, Ft. Pierce, Florida, USA liz.baldwin@ars.usda.gov.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">USA liz.baldwin@ars.usda.gov.</wicri:noCountry>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">High incidence of preharvest colonization of huanglongbing-symptomatic citrus sinensis fruit by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Diplodia natalensis) and exacerbation of postharvest fruit decay by that fungus.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Wei" sort="Zhao, Wei" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Wei" last="Zhao">Wei Zhao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>USDA, ARS Horticultural Research Laboratory, Ft. Pierce, Florida, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>USDA, ARS Horticultural Research Laboratory, Ft. Pierce, Florida</wicri:regionArea>
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</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Bai, Jinhe" sort="Bai, Jinhe" uniqKey="Bai J" first="Jinhe" last="Bai">Jinhe Bai</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Baldwin, Elizabeth" sort="Baldwin, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Baldwin E" first="Elizabeth" last="Baldwin">Elizabeth Baldwin</name>
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<series><title level="j">Applied and environmental microbiology</title>
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<term>Plant Diseases (microbiology)</term>
<term>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Ascomycota</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Huanglongbing (HLB), presumably caused by the bacterium "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus," is a devastating citrus disease associated with excessive preharvest fruit drop. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (diplodia) is the causal organism of citrus stem end rot (SER). The pathogen infects citrus fruit under the calyx abscission zone (AZ-C) and is associated with cell wall hydrolytic enzymes similar to plant enzymes involved in abscission. By means of DNA sequencing, diplodia was found in "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus"-positive juice from HLB-symptomatic fruit (S) but not in "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus"-negative juice. Therefore, the incidence of diplodia in fruit tissues, the impact on HLB-related postharvest decay, and the implications for HLB-related preharvest fruit drop were investigated in Hamlin and Valencia oranges. Quantitative PCR results (qPCR) revealed a significantly (P < 0.001) greater incidence of diplodia in the AZ-C of HLB-symptomatic (S; "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" threshold cycle [CT] of <30) than in the AZ-C of in asymptomatic (AS; "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" CT of ≥30) fruit. In agreement with the qPCR results, 2 weeks after exposure to ethylene, the incidences of SER in S fruit were 66.7% (Hamlin) and 58.7% (Valencia), whereas for AS fruit the decay rates were 6.7% (Hamlin) and 5.3% (Valencia). Diplodia colonization of S fruit AZ-C was observed by scanning electron microscopy and confirmed by PCR test and morphology of conidia in isolates from the AZ-C after surface sterilization. Diplodia CT values were negatively correlated with ethylene production (R = -0.838 for Hamlin; R = -0.858 for Valencia) in S fruit, and positively correlated with fruit detachment force (R = 0.855 for Hamlin; R = 0.850 for Valencia), suggesting that diplodia colonization in AZ-C may exacerbate HLB-associated preharvest fruit drop.</div>
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