High Incidence of Preharvest Colonization of Huanglongbing-Symptomatic Citrus sinensis Fruit by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Diplodia natalensis) and Exacerbation of Postharvest Fruit Decay by That Fungus
Identifieur interne : 000798 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000797; suivant : 000799High Incidence of Preharvest Colonization of Huanglongbing-Symptomatic Citrus sinensis Fruit by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Diplodia natalensis) and Exacerbation of Postharvest Fruit Decay by That Fungus
Auteurs : Wei Zhao ; Jinhe Bai ; Greg Mccollum ; Elizabeth BaldwinSource :
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology [ 0099-2240 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), presumably caused by the bacterium “
Url:
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02972-14
PubMed: 25344245
PubMed Central: 4272719
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">High Incidence of Preharvest Colonization of Huanglongbing-Symptomatic <named-content content-type="genus-species">Citrus sinensis</named-content>
Fruit by <named-content content-type="genus-species">Lasiodiplodia theobromae</named-content>
(<named-content content-type="genus-species">Diplodia natalensis</named-content>
) and Exacerbation of Postharvest Fruit Decay by That Fungus</title>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Wei" sort="Zhao, Wei" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Wei" last="Zhao">Wei Zhao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bai, Jinhe" sort="Bai, Jinhe" uniqKey="Bai J" first="Jinhe" last="Bai">Jinhe Bai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccollum, Greg" sort="Mccollum, Greg" uniqKey="Mccollum G" first="Greg" last="Mccollum">Greg Mccollum</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baldwin, Elizabeth" sort="Baldwin, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Baldwin E" first="Elizabeth" last="Baldwin">Elizabeth Baldwin</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
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<date when="2014">2014</date>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">High Incidence of Preharvest Colonization of Huanglongbing-Symptomatic <named-content content-type="genus-species">Citrus sinensis</named-content>
Fruit by <named-content content-type="genus-species">Lasiodiplodia theobromae</named-content>
(<named-content content-type="genus-species">Diplodia natalensis</named-content>
) and Exacerbation of Postharvest Fruit Decay by That Fungus</title>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Wei" sort="Zhao, Wei" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Wei" last="Zhao">Wei Zhao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bai, Jinhe" sort="Bai, Jinhe" uniqKey="Bai J" first="Jinhe" last="Bai">Jinhe Bai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccollum, Greg" sort="Mccollum, Greg" uniqKey="Mccollum G" first="Greg" last="Mccollum">Greg Mccollum</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baldwin, Elizabeth" sort="Baldwin, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Baldwin E" first="Elizabeth" last="Baldwin">Elizabeth Baldwin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0099-2240</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1098-5336</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Huanglongbing (HLB), presumably caused by the bacterium “<named-content content-type="genus-species">Candidatus</named-content>
Liberibacter asiaticus,” is a devastating citrus disease associated with excessive preharvest fruit drop. <named-content content-type="genus-species">Lasiodiplodia theobromae</named-content>
(diplodia) is the causal organism of citrus stem end rot (SER). The pathogen infects citrus fruit under the calyx abscission zone (AZ-C) and is associated with cell wall hydrolytic enzymes similar to plant enzymes involved in abscission. By means of DNA sequencing, diplodia was found in “<italic>Ca</italic>
. Liberibacter asiaticus”-positive juice from HLB-symptomatic fruit (S) but not in “<italic>Ca</italic>
. Liberibacter asiaticus”-negative juice. Therefore, the incidence of diplodia in fruit tissues, the impact on HLB-related postharvest decay, and the implications for HLB-related preharvest fruit drop were investigated in Hamlin and Valencia oranges. Quantitative PCR results (qPCR) revealed a significantly (<italic>P</italic>
< 0.001) greater incidence of diplodia in the AZ-C of HLB-symptomatic (S; “<italic>Ca</italic>
. Liberibacter asiaticus” threshold cycle [<italic>C<sub>T</sub>
</italic>
] of <30) than in the AZ-C of in asymptomatic (AS; “<italic>Ca</italic>
. Liberibacter asiaticus” <italic>C<sub>T</sub>
</italic>
of ≥30) fruit. In agreement with the qPCR results, 2 weeks after exposure to ethylene, the incidences of SER in S fruit were 66.7% (Hamlin) and 58.7% (Valencia), whereas for AS fruit the decay rates were 6.7% (Hamlin) and 5.3% (Valencia). Diplodia colonization of S fruit AZ-C was observed by scanning electron microscopy and confirmed by PCR test and morphology of conidia in isolates from the AZ-C after surface sterilization. Diplodia <italic>C<sub>T</sub>
</italic>
values were negatively correlated with ethylene production (<italic>R</italic>
= −0.838 for Hamlin; <italic>R</italic>
= −0.858 for Valencia) in S fruit, and positively correlated with fruit detachment force (<italic>R</italic>
= 0.855 for Hamlin; <italic>R</italic>
= 0.850 for Valencia), suggesting that diplodia colonization in AZ-C may exacerbate HLB-associated preharvest fruit drop.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Appl Environ Microbiol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Appl. Environ. Microbiol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">aem</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">aem</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">AEM</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0099-2240</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1098-5336</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>American Society for Microbiology</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25344245</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4272719</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">02972-14</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/AEM.02972-14</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Plant Microbiology</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>High Incidence of Preharvest Colonization of Huanglongbing-Symptomatic <named-content content-type="genus-species">Citrus sinensis</named-content>
Fruit by <named-content content-type="genus-species">Lasiodiplodia theobromae</named-content>
(<named-content content-type="genus-species">Diplodia natalensis</named-content>
) and Exacerbation of Postharvest Fruit Decay by That Fungus</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">High Incidence of Diplodia in HLB-Affected Oranges</alt-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="short-authors">Zhao et al.</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhao</surname>
<given-names>Wei</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bai</surname>
<given-names>Jinhe</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McCollum</surname>
<given-names>Greg</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Baldwin</surname>
<given-names>Elizabeth</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<aff>USDA, ARS Horticultural Research Laboratory, Ft. Pierce, Florida, USA</aff>
</contrib-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Drake</surname>
<given-names>H. L.</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Address correspondence to Elizabeth Baldwin, <email>liz.baldwin@ars.usda.gov</email>
.</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other"><p><bold>Citation</bold>
Zhao W, Bai J, McCollum G, Baldwin E. 2015. High incidence of preharvest colonization of huanglongbing-symptomatic <named-content content-type="genus-species">Citrus sinensis</named-content>
fruit by <named-content content-type="genus-species">Lasiodiplodia theobromae</named-content>
(<named-content content-type="genus-species">Diplodia natalensis</named-content>
) and exacerbation of postharvest fruit decay by that fungus. Appl Environ Microbiol 81:364–372. doi:<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02972-14">10.1128/AEM.02972-14</ext-link>
.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>1</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>81</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>364</fpage>
<lpage>372</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>23</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>21</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>American Society for Microbiology</copyright-holder>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="zam00115000364.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>Huanglongbing (HLB), presumably caused by the bacterium “<named-content content-type="genus-species">Candidatus</named-content>
Liberibacter asiaticus,” is a devastating citrus disease associated with excessive preharvest fruit drop. <named-content content-type="genus-species">Lasiodiplodia theobromae</named-content>
(diplodia) is the causal organism of citrus stem end rot (SER). The pathogen infects citrus fruit under the calyx abscission zone (AZ-C) and is associated with cell wall hydrolytic enzymes similar to plant enzymes involved in abscission. By means of DNA sequencing, diplodia was found in “<italic>Ca</italic>
. Liberibacter asiaticus”-positive juice from HLB-symptomatic fruit (S) but not in “<italic>Ca</italic>
. Liberibacter asiaticus”-negative juice. Therefore, the incidence of diplodia in fruit tissues, the impact on HLB-related postharvest decay, and the implications for HLB-related preharvest fruit drop were investigated in Hamlin and Valencia oranges. Quantitative PCR results (qPCR) revealed a significantly (<italic>P</italic>
< 0.001) greater incidence of diplodia in the AZ-C of HLB-symptomatic (S; “<italic>Ca</italic>
. Liberibacter asiaticus” threshold cycle [<italic>C<sub>T</sub>
</italic>
] of <30) than in the AZ-C of in asymptomatic (AS; “<italic>Ca</italic>
. Liberibacter asiaticus” <italic>C<sub>T</sub>
</italic>
of ≥30) fruit. In agreement with the qPCR results, 2 weeks after exposure to ethylene, the incidences of SER in S fruit were 66.7% (Hamlin) and 58.7% (Valencia), whereas for AS fruit the decay rates were 6.7% (Hamlin) and 5.3% (Valencia). Diplodia colonization of S fruit AZ-C was observed by scanning electron microscopy and confirmed by PCR test and morphology of conidia in isolates from the AZ-C after surface sterilization. Diplodia <italic>C<sub>T</sub>
</italic>
values were negatively correlated with ethylene production (<italic>R</italic>
= −0.838 for Hamlin; <italic>R</italic>
= −0.858 for Valencia) in S fruit, and positively correlated with fruit detachment force (<italic>R</italic>
= 0.855 for Hamlin; <italic>R</italic>
= 0.850 for Valencia), suggesting that diplodia colonization in AZ-C may exacerbate HLB-associated preharvest fruit drop.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><fig-count count="6"></fig-count>
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</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list></list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Bai, Jinhe" sort="Bai, Jinhe" uniqKey="Bai J" first="Jinhe" last="Bai">Jinhe Bai</name>
<name sortKey="Baldwin, Elizabeth" sort="Baldwin, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Baldwin E" first="Elizabeth" last="Baldwin">Elizabeth Baldwin</name>
<name sortKey="Mccollum, Greg" sort="Mccollum, Greg" uniqKey="Mccollum G" first="Greg" last="Mccollum">Greg Mccollum</name>
<name sortKey="Zhao, Wei" sort="Zhao, Wei" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Wei" last="Zhao">Wei Zhao</name>
</noCountry>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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