Therapeutic uses of animal biles in traditional Chinese medicine: An ethnopharmacological, biophysical chemical and medicinal review
Identifieur interne : 001796 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 001795; suivant : 001797Therapeutic uses of animal biles in traditional Chinese medicine: An ethnopharmacological, biophysical chemical and medicinal review
Auteurs : David Q-H Wang ; Martin C. CareySource :
- World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG [ 1007-9327 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Forty-four different animal biles obtained from both invertebrates and vertebrates (including human bile) have been used for centuries for a host of maladies in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) beginning with dog, ox and common carp biles approximately in the Zhou dynasty (c. 1046-256 BCE). Overall, different animal biles were prescribed principally for the treatment of liver, biliary, skin (including burns), gynecological and heart diseases, as well as diseases of the eyes, ears, nose, mouth and throat. We present an informed opinion of the clinical efficacy of the medicinal uses of the different animal biles based on their presently known principal chemical components which are mostly steroidal detergent-like molecules and the membrane lipids such as unesterified cholesterol and mixed phosphatidylcholines and sometimes sphingomyelin, as well as containing lipopigments derived from heme principally bilirubin glucuronides. All of the available information on the ethnopharmacological uses of biles in TCM were collated from the rich collection of ancient Chinese books on materia medica held in libraries in China and United States and the composition of various animal biles was based on rigorous separatory and advanced chemical identification techniques published since the mid-20th century collected
Url:
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9952
PubMed: 25110425
PubMed Central: 4123376
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 001346
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 001344
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000669
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4123376Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Therapeutic uses of animal biles in traditional Chinese medicine: An ethnopharmacological, biophysical chemical and medicinal review</title>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, David Q H" sort="Wang, David Q H" uniqKey="Wang D" first="David Q-H" last="Wang">David Q-H Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carey, Martin C" sort="Carey, Martin C" uniqKey="Carey M" first="Martin C" last="Carey">Martin C. Carey</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">25110425</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4123376</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4123376</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4123376</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9952</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001346</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001344</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000669</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">001796</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Therapeutic uses of animal biles in traditional Chinese medicine: An ethnopharmacological, biophysical chemical and medicinal review</title>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, David Q H" sort="Wang, David Q H" uniqKey="Wang D" first="David Q-H" last="Wang">David Q-H Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carey, Martin C" sort="Carey, Martin C" uniqKey="Carey M" first="Martin C" last="Carey">Martin C. Carey</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1007-9327</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2219-2840</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Forty-four different animal biles obtained from both invertebrates and vertebrates (including human bile) have been used for centuries for a host of maladies in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) beginning with dog, ox and common carp biles approximately in the Zhou dynasty (c. 1046-256 BCE). Overall, different animal biles were prescribed principally for the treatment of liver, biliary, skin (including burns), gynecological and heart diseases, as well as diseases of the eyes, ears, nose, mouth and throat. We present an informed opinion of the clinical efficacy of the medicinal uses of the different animal biles based on their presently known principal chemical components which are mostly steroidal detergent-like molecules and the membrane lipids such as unesterified cholesterol and mixed phosphatidylcholines and sometimes sphingomyelin, as well as containing lipopigments derived from heme principally bilirubin glucuronides. All of the available information on the ethnopharmacological uses of biles in TCM were collated from the rich collection of ancient Chinese books on materia medica held in libraries in China and United States and the composition of various animal biles was based on rigorous separatory and advanced chemical identification techniques published since the mid-20<sup>th</sup>
century collected <italic>via</italic>
library (Harvard’s Countway Library) and electronic searches (PubMed and Google Scholar). Our analysis of ethnomedical data and information on biliary chemistry shows that specific bile salts, as well as the common bile pigment bilirubin and its glucuronides plus the minor components of bile such as vitamins A, D, E, K, as well as melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) are salutary in improving liver function, dissolving gallstones, inhibiting bacterial and viral multiplication, promoting cardiac chronotropsim, as well as exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-oxidant, sedative, anti-convulsive, anti-allergic, anti-congestive, anti-diabetic and anti-spasmodic effects. Pig, wild boar and human biles diluted with alcohol were shown to form an artificial skin for burns and wounds one thousand years ago in the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE). Although various animal biles exhibit several generic effects in common, a number of biles appear to be advantageous for specific therapeutic indications. We attempt to understand these effects based on the pharmacology of individual components of bile as well as attempting to identify a variety of future research needs.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">World J Gastroenterol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">World J. Gastroenterol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">WJG</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1007-9327</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2219-2840</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Baishideng Publishing Group Inc</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25110425</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4123376</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="other">jWJG.v20.i29.pg9952</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9952</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Therapeutic uses of animal biles in traditional Chinese medicine: An ethnopharmacological, biophysical chemical and medicinal review</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>David Q-H</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carey</surname>
<given-names>Martin C</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<aff>David Q-H Wang, Martin C Carey, Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA 02115, United States</aff>
<aff>David Q-H Wang, Liver Center and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA 02215, United States</aff>
<aff>David Q-H Wang, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Edward Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><fn><p>Author contributions: Both authors contributed to this work.</p>
<p>Correspondence to: David Q-H Wang, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Edward Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States. <email>dwang15@slu.edu</email>
</p>
<p>Telephone: +1-314-9778737 Fax: +1-314-9779909</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>7</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>7</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<issue>29</issue>
<fpage>9952</fpage>
<lpage>9975</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>26</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>11</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>21</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Forty-four different animal biles obtained from both invertebrates and vertebrates (including human bile) have been used for centuries for a host of maladies in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) beginning with dog, ox and common carp biles approximately in the Zhou dynasty (c. 1046-256 BCE). Overall, different animal biles were prescribed principally for the treatment of liver, biliary, skin (including burns), gynecological and heart diseases, as well as diseases of the eyes, ears, nose, mouth and throat. We present an informed opinion of the clinical efficacy of the medicinal uses of the different animal biles based on their presently known principal chemical components which are mostly steroidal detergent-like molecules and the membrane lipids such as unesterified cholesterol and mixed phosphatidylcholines and sometimes sphingomyelin, as well as containing lipopigments derived from heme principally bilirubin glucuronides. All of the available information on the ethnopharmacological uses of biles in TCM were collated from the rich collection of ancient Chinese books on materia medica held in libraries in China and United States and the composition of various animal biles was based on rigorous separatory and advanced chemical identification techniques published since the mid-20<sup>th</sup>
century collected <italic>via</italic>
library (Harvard’s Countway Library) and electronic searches (PubMed and Google Scholar). Our analysis of ethnomedical data and information on biliary chemistry shows that specific bile salts, as well as the common bile pigment bilirubin and its glucuronides plus the minor components of bile such as vitamins A, D, E, K, as well as melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) are salutary in improving liver function, dissolving gallstones, inhibiting bacterial and viral multiplication, promoting cardiac chronotropsim, as well as exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-oxidant, sedative, anti-convulsive, anti-allergic, anti-congestive, anti-diabetic and anti-spasmodic effects. Pig, wild boar and human biles diluted with alcohol were shown to form an artificial skin for burns and wounds one thousand years ago in the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE). Although various animal biles exhibit several generic effects in common, a number of biles appear to be advantageous for specific therapeutic indications. We attempt to understand these effects based on the pharmacology of individual components of bile as well as attempting to identify a variety of future research needs.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Bile acids</kwd>
<kwd>Bile pigments</kwd>
<kwd>Bilirubinates</kwd>
<kwd>Liquid crystals</kwd>
<kwd>Materia medica</kwd>
<kwd>Mixed micelles</kwd>
<kwd>Bear bile</kwd>
<kwd>Ox gallstones</kwd>
<kwd>Paleo-pharmacology</kwd>
<kwd>Phospholipids</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list></list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Carey, Martin C" sort="Carey, Martin C" uniqKey="Carey M" first="Martin C" last="Carey">Martin C. Carey</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, David Q H" sort="Wang, David Q H" uniqKey="Wang D" first="David Q-H" last="Wang">David Q-H Wang</name>
</noCountry>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Bois/explor/OrangerV1/Data/Ncbi/Merge
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001796 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd -nk 001796 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Bois |area= OrangerV1 |flux= Ncbi |étape= Merge |type= RBID |clé= PMC:4123376 |texte= Therapeutic uses of animal biles in traditional Chinese medicine: An ethnopharmacological, biophysical chemical and medicinal review }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:25110425" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a OrangerV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.25. | ![]() |