Impact of long-term conventional and organic farming on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Identifieur interne : 003806 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 003805; suivant : 003807Impact of long-term conventional and organic farming on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Auteurs : Fritz Oehl ; Ewald Sieverding ; Paul M Der ; David Dubois ; Kurt Ineichen ; Thomas Boller ; Andres WiemkenSource :
- Oecologia [ 0029-8549 ] ; 2004.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- classification : Mycorrhizae.
- growth & development : Mycorrhizae.
- Agriculture, Humans, Soil Microbiology.
Abstract
Previous work has shown considerably enhanced soil fertility in agroecosystems managed by organic farming as compared to conventional farming. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in nutrient acquisition and soil fertility. The objective of this study was to investigate the diversity of AMF in the context of a long-term study in which replicated field plots, at a single site in Central Europe, had been cultivated for 22 years according to two "organic" and two "conventional" farming systems. In the 23rd year, the field plots, carrying an 18-month-old grass-clover stand, were examined in two ways with respect to AMF diversity. Firstly, AMF spores were isolated and morphologically identified from soil samples. The study revealed that the AMF spore abundance and species diversity was significantly higher in the organic than in the conventional systems. Furthermore, the AMF community differed in the conventional and organic systems: Glomus species were similarly abundant in all systems but spores of Acaulospora and Scutellospora species were more abundant in the organic systems. Secondly, the soils were used to establish AMF-trap cultures using a consortium of Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium pratense and Lolium perenne as host plants. The AMF spore community developing in the trap cultures differed: after 12 months, two species of the Acaulosporaceae (A. paulinae and A. longula) were consistently found to account for a large part of the spore community in the trap cultures from the organic systems but were found rarely in the ones from the conventional systems. The findings show that some AMF species present in natural ecosystems are maintained under organic farming but severely depressed under conventional farming, indicating a potentially severe loss of ecosystem function under conventional farming.
DOI: 10.1007/s00442-003-1458-2
PubMed: 14714172
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in nutrient acquisition and soil fertility. The objective of this study was to investigate the diversity of AMF in the context of a long-term study in which replicated field plots, at a single site in Central Europe, had been cultivated for 22 years according to two "organic" and two "conventional" farming systems. In the 23rd year, the field plots, carrying an 18-month-old grass-clover stand, were examined in two ways with respect to AMF diversity. Firstly, AMF spores were isolated and morphologically identified from soil samples. The study revealed that the AMF spore abundance and species diversity was significantly higher in the organic than in the conventional systems. Furthermore, the AMF community differed in the conventional and organic systems: Glomus species were similarly abundant in all systems but spores of Acaulospora and Scutellospora species were more abundant in the organic systems. Secondly, the soils were used to establish AMF-trap cultures using a consortium of Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium pratense and Lolium perenne as host plants. The AMF spore community developing in the trap cultures differed: after 12 months, two species of the Acaulosporaceae (A. paulinae and A. longula) were consistently found to account for a large part of the spore community in the trap cultures from the organic systems but were found rarely in the ones from the conventional systems. The findings show that some AMF species present in natural ecosystems are maintained under organic farming but severely depressed under conventional farming, indicating a potentially severe loss of ecosystem function under conventional farming.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">14714172</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2004</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>07</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0029-8549</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>138</Volume><Issue>4</Issue><PubDate><Year>2004</Year><Month>Mar</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Oecologia</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Oecologia</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Impact of long-term conventional and organic farming on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>574-83</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>Previous work has shown considerably enhanced soil fertility in agroecosystems managed by organic farming as compared to conventional farming. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in nutrient acquisition and soil fertility. The objective of this study was to investigate the diversity of AMF in the context of a long-term study in which replicated field plots, at a single site in Central Europe, had been cultivated for 22 years according to two "organic" and two "conventional" farming systems. In the 23rd year, the field plots, carrying an 18-month-old grass-clover stand, were examined in two ways with respect to AMF diversity. Firstly, AMF spores were isolated and morphologically identified from soil samples. The study revealed that the AMF spore abundance and species diversity was significantly higher in the organic than in the conventional systems. Furthermore, the AMF community differed in the conventional and organic systems: Glomus species were similarly abundant in all systems but spores of Acaulospora and Scutellospora species were more abundant in the organic systems. Secondly, the soils were used to establish AMF-trap cultures using a consortium of Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium pratense and Lolium perenne as host plants. The AMF spore community developing in the trap cultures differed: after 12 months, two species of the Acaulosporaceae (A. paulinae and A. longula) were consistently found to account for a large part of the spore community in the trap cultures from the organic systems but were found rarely in the ones from the conventional systems. The findings show that some AMF species present in natural ecosystems are maintained under organic farming but severely depressed under conventional farming, indicating a potentially severe loss of ecosystem function under conventional farming.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Oehl</LastName><ForeName>Fritz</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Botanisches Institut, Universität Basel, Hebelstrasse 1, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sieverding</LastName><ForeName>Ewald</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mäder</LastName><ForeName>Paul</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dubois</LastName><ForeName>David</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ineichen</LastName><ForeName>Kurt</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boller</LastName><ForeName>Thomas</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wiemken</LastName><ForeName>Andres</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2004</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>09</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Germany</Country><MedlineTA>Oecologia</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0150372</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0029-8549</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000383" MajorTopicYN="Y">Agriculture</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D038821" MajorTopicYN="N">Mycorrhizae</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000145" MajorTopicYN="Y">classification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000254" MajorTopicYN="Y">growth & development</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012988" MajorTopicYN="Y">Soil Microbiology</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2003</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>04</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2003</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2004</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2004</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2004</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">14714172</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1007/s00442-003-1458-2</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Ecol Appl. 1993 Nov;3(4):749-757</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27759303</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 May;69(5):2816-24</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12732553</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mycorrhiza. 2002 Oct;12(5):225-34</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12375133</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1694-7</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12040197</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nature. 1998 Jul 30;394(6692):431</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9697763</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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