Orchid conservation: from theory to practice.
Identifieur interne : 000100 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000099; suivant : 000101Orchid conservation: from theory to practice.
Auteurs : Ryan D. Phillips ; Noushka Reiter ; Rod PeakallSource :
- Annals of botany [ 1095-8290 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- genetics : Orchidaceae.
- Ecosystem, Germination, Mycorrhizae, Pollination.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Given the exceptional diversity of orchids (26 000+ species), improving strategies for the conservation of orchids will benefit a vast number of taxa. Furthermore, with rapidly increasing numbers of endangered orchids and low success rates in orchid conservation translocation programmes worldwide, it is evident that our progress in understanding the biology of orchids is not yet translating into widespread effective conservation.
SCOPE
We highlight unusual aspects of the reproductive biology of orchids that can have important consequences for conservation programmes, such as specialization of pollination systems, low fruit set but high seed production, and the potential for long-distance seed dispersal. Further, we discuss the importance of their reliance on mycorrhizal fungi for germination, including quantifying the incidence of specialized versus generalized mycorrhizal associations in orchids. In light of leading conservation theory and the biology of orchids, we provide recommendations for improving population management and translocation programmes.
CONCLUSIONS
Major gains in orchid conservation can be achieved by incorporating knowledge of ecological interactions, for both generalist and specialist species. For example, habitat management can be tailored to maintain pollinator populations and conservation translocation sites selected based on confirmed availability of pollinators. Similarly, use of efficacious mycorrhizal fungi in propagation will increase the value of ex situ collections and likely increase the success of conservation translocations. Given the low genetic differentiation between populations of many orchids, experimental genetic mixing is an option to increase fitness of small populations, although caution is needed where cytotypes or floral ecotypes are present. Combining demographic data and field experiments will provide knowledge to enhance management and translocation success. Finally, high per-fruit fecundity means that orchids offer powerful but overlooked opportunities to propagate plants for experiments aimed at improving conservation outcomes. Given the predictions of ongoing environmental change, experimental approaches also offer effective ways to build more resilient populations.
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa093
PubMed: 32407498
PubMed Central: PMC7424752
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32407498Le document en format XML
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Phillips</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park, WA, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reiter, Noushka" sort="Reiter, Noushka" uniqKey="Reiter N" first="Noushka" last="Reiter">Noushka Reiter</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Corner of Ballarto Road and Botanic Drive, Cranbourne, VIC, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peakall, Rod" sort="Peakall, Rod" uniqKey="Peakall R" first="Rod" last="Peakall">Rod Peakall</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32407498</idno><idno type="pmid">32407498</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/aob/mcaa093</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7424752</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000100</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000100</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Orchid conservation: from theory to practice.</title><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Ryan D" sort="Phillips, Ryan D" uniqKey="Phillips R" first="Ryan D" last="Phillips">Ryan D. Phillips</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park, WA, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reiter, Noushka" sort="Reiter, Noushka" uniqKey="Reiter N" first="Noushka" last="Reiter">Noushka Reiter</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Corner of Ballarto Road and Botanic Drive, Cranbourne, VIC, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peakall, Rod" sort="Peakall, Rod" uniqKey="Peakall R" first="Rod" last="Peakall">Rod Peakall</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Annals of botany</title><idno type="eISSN">1095-8290</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Ecosystem (MeSH)</term><term>Germination (MeSH)</term><term>Mycorrhizae (MeSH)</term><term>Orchidaceae (genetics)</term><term>Pollination (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Orchidaceae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Ecosystem</term><term>Germination</term><term>Mycorrhizae</term><term>Pollination</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>Given the exceptional diversity of orchids (26 000+ species), improving strategies for the conservation of orchids will benefit a vast number of taxa. Furthermore, with rapidly increasing numbers of endangered orchids and low success rates in orchid conservation translocation programmes worldwide, it is evident that our progress in understanding the biology of orchids is not yet translating into widespread effective conservation.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>SCOPE</b></p><p>We highlight unusual aspects of the reproductive biology of orchids that can have important consequences for conservation programmes, such as specialization of pollination systems, low fruit set but high seed production, and the potential for long-distance seed dispersal. Further, we discuss the importance of their reliance on mycorrhizal fungi for germination, including quantifying the incidence of specialized versus generalized mycorrhizal associations in orchids. In light of leading conservation theory and the biology of orchids, we provide recommendations for improving population management and translocation programmes.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>Major gains in orchid conservation can be achieved by incorporating knowledge of ecological interactions, for both generalist and specialist species. For example, habitat management can be tailored to maintain pollinator populations and conservation translocation sites selected based on confirmed availability of pollinators. Similarly, use of efficacious mycorrhizal fungi in propagation will increase the value of ex situ collections and likely increase the success of conservation translocations. Given the low genetic differentiation between populations of many orchids, experimental genetic mixing is an option to increase fitness of small populations, although caution is needed where cytotypes or floral ecotypes are present. Combining demographic data and field experiments will provide knowledge to enhance management and translocation success. Finally, high per-fruit fecundity means that orchids offer powerful but overlooked opportunities to propagate plants for experiments aimed at improving conservation outcomes. Given the predictions of ongoing environmental change, experimental approaches also offer effective ways to build more resilient populations.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Automated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32407498</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>02</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>02</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1095-8290</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>126</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>13</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Annals of botany</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Ann Bot</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Orchid conservation: from theory to practice.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>345-362</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/aob/mcaa093</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">Given the exceptional diversity of orchids (26 000+ species), improving strategies for the conservation of orchids will benefit a vast number of taxa. Furthermore, with rapidly increasing numbers of endangered orchids and low success rates in orchid conservation translocation programmes worldwide, it is evident that our progress in understanding the biology of orchids is not yet translating into widespread effective conservation.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="SCOPE">We highlight unusual aspects of the reproductive biology of orchids that can have important consequences for conservation programmes, such as specialization of pollination systems, low fruit set but high seed production, and the potential for long-distance seed dispersal. Further, we discuss the importance of their reliance on mycorrhizal fungi for germination, including quantifying the incidence of specialized versus generalized mycorrhizal associations in orchids. In light of leading conservation theory and the biology of orchids, we provide recommendations for improving population management and translocation programmes.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">Major gains in orchid conservation can be achieved by incorporating knowledge of ecological interactions, for both generalist and specialist species. For example, habitat management can be tailored to maintain pollinator populations and conservation translocation sites selected based on confirmed availability of pollinators. Similarly, use of efficacious mycorrhizal fungi in propagation will increase the value of ex situ collections and likely increase the success of conservation translocations. Given the low genetic differentiation between populations of many orchids, experimental genetic mixing is an option to increase fitness of small populations, although caution is needed where cytotypes or floral ecotypes are present. Combining demographic data and field experiments will provide knowledge to enhance management and translocation success. Finally, high per-fruit fecundity means that orchids offer powerful but overlooked opportunities to propagate plants for experiments aimed at improving conservation outcomes. Given the predictions of ongoing environmental change, experimental approaches also offer effective ways to build more resilient populations.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. 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Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Corner of Ballarto Road and Botanic Drive, Cranbourne, VIC, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Peakall</LastName><ForeName>Rod</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Ann Bot</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0372347</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0305-7364</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017753" 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