Genome-wide analysis of glyoxalase-like gene families in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and their expression profiling in response to downy mildew infection.
Identifieur interne : 000168 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000167; suivant : 000169Genome-wide analysis of glyoxalase-like gene families in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and their expression profiling in response to downy mildew infection.
Auteurs : Tiemei Li ; Xin Cheng ; Yuting Wang ; Xiao Yin ; Zhiqian Li ; Ruiqi Liu ; Guotian Liu ; Yuejin Wang ; Yan XuSource :
- BMC genomics [ 1471-2164 ] ; 2019.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Aldehyde Oxidoreductases (genetics), Disease Resistance (MeSH), Gene Expression Profiling (MeSH), Gene Expression Regulation, Plant (MeSH), Genome, Plant (MeSH), Lactoylglutathione Lyase (genetics), Multigene Family (MeSH), Oomycetes (physiology), Phylogeny (MeSH), Plant Diseases (genetics), Plant Diseases (microbiology), Plant Proteins (genetics), Thiolester Hydrolases (genetics), Vitis (genetics), Vitis (growth & development), Vitis (microbiology).
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : Aldehyde Oxidoreductases, Lactoylglutathione Lyase, Plant Proteins, Thiolester Hydrolases.
- genetics : Plant Diseases, Vitis.
- growth & development : Vitis.
- microbiology : Plant Diseases, Vitis.
- physiology : Oomycetes.
- Disease Resistance, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genome, Plant, Multigene Family, Phylogeny.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The glyoxalase system usually comprises two enzymes, glyoxalase I (GLYI) and glyoxalase II (GLYII). This system converts cytotoxic methylglyoxal (MG) into non-toxic D-lactate in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH) in two enzymatic steps. Recently, a novel type of glyoxalase III (GLYIII) activity has observed in Escherichia coli that can detoxify MG into D-lactate directly, in one step, without a cofactor. Investigation of the glyoxalase enzymes of a number of plant species shows the importance of their roles in response both to abiotic and to biotic stresses. Until now, glyoxalase gene families have been identified in the genomes of four plants, Arabidopsis, Oryza sativa, Glycine max and Medicago truncatula but no similar study has been done with the grapevine Vitis vinifera L.
RESULTS
In this study, four GLYI-like, two GLYII-like and three GLYIII-like genes are identified from the genome database of grape. All these genes were analysed in detail, including their chromosomal locations, phylogenetic relationships, exon-intron distributions, protein domain organisations and the presence of conserved binding sites. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR), the expression profiles of these genes were analysed in different tissues of grape, and also when under infection stress from downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). The study reveals that most VvGLY-like genes had higher expressions in stem, leaf, tendril and ovule but lower expressions in the flower. In addition, most of the VvGLY-like gene members were P. viticola responsive with high expressions 6-12 h and 96-120 h after inoculation. However, VvGLYI-like1 was highly expressed 48 h after inoculation, similar to VvPR1 and VvNPR1 which are involved in the defence response.
CONCLUSIONS
This study identified the GLYI-like, GLYII-like and GLYIII-like full gene families of the grapevine. Based on a phylogenetic analysis and the presence of conserved binding sites, we speculate that these glyoxalase-like genes in grape encode active glyoxalases. Moreover, our study provides a basis for discussing the roles of VvGLYI-like, VvGLYII-like and VvGLYIII-like genes in grape's response to downy mildew infection. Our results shed light on the selection of candidate genes for downy mildew tolerance in grape and lay the foundation for further functional investigations of these glyoxalase genes.
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5733-y
PubMed: 31072302
PubMed Central: PMC6509763
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:31072302Le document en format XML
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first="Xin" last="Cheng">Xin Cheng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yuting" sort="Wang, Yuting" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yuting" last="Wang">Yuting Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yin, Xiao" sort="Yin, Xiao" uniqKey="Yin X" first="Xiao" last="Yin">Xiao Yin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Zhiqian" sort="Li, Zhiqian" uniqKey="Li Z" first="Zhiqian" last="Li">Zhiqian Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Ruiqi" sort="Liu, Ruiqi" uniqKey="Liu R" first="Ruiqi" last="Liu">Ruiqi Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Guotian" sort="Liu, Guotian" uniqKey="Liu G" first="Guotian" last="Liu">Guotian Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yuejin" sort="Wang, Yuejin" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yuejin" last="Wang">Yuejin Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Yan" sort="Xu, Yan" uniqKey="Xu Y" first="Yan" last="Xu">Yan Xu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. yan.xu@nwsuaf.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. yan.xu@nwsuaf.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. yan.xu@nwsuaf.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:31072302</idno><idno type="pmid">31072302</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s12864-019-5733-y</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC6509763</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000168</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000168</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Genome-wide analysis of glyoxalase-like gene families in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and their expression profiling in response to downy mildew infection.</title><author><name sortKey="Li, Tiemei" sort="Li, Tiemei" uniqKey="Li T" first="Tiemei" last="Li">Tiemei Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Xin" sort="Cheng, Xin" uniqKey="Cheng X" first="Xin" last="Cheng">Xin Cheng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yuting" sort="Wang, Yuting" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yuting" last="Wang">Yuting Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yin, Xiao" sort="Yin, Xiao" uniqKey="Yin X" first="Xiao" last="Yin">Xiao Yin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Zhiqian" sort="Li, Zhiqian" uniqKey="Li Z" first="Zhiqian" last="Li">Zhiqian Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Ruiqi" sort="Liu, Ruiqi" uniqKey="Liu R" first="Ruiqi" last="Liu">Ruiqi Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Guotian" sort="Liu, Guotian" uniqKey="Liu G" first="Guotian" last="Liu">Guotian Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yuejin" sort="Wang, Yuejin" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yuejin" last="Wang">Yuejin Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Yan" sort="Xu, Yan" uniqKey="Xu Y" first="Yan" last="Xu">Yan Xu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. yan.xu@nwsuaf.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. yan.xu@nwsuaf.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. yan.xu@nwsuaf.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC genomics</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-2164</idno><imprint><date when="2019" type="published">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aldehyde Oxidoreductases (genetics)</term><term>Disease Resistance (MeSH)</term><term>Gene Expression Profiling (MeSH)</term><term>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant (MeSH)</term><term>Genome, Plant (MeSH)</term><term>Lactoylglutathione Lyase (genetics)</term><term>Multigene Family (MeSH)</term><term>Oomycetes (physiology)</term><term>Phylogeny (MeSH)</term><term>Plant Diseases (genetics)</term><term>Plant Diseases (microbiology)</term><term>Plant Proteins (genetics)</term><term>Thiolester Hydrolases (genetics)</term><term>Vitis (genetics)</term><term>Vitis (growth & development)</term><term>Vitis (microbiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Aldehyde Oxidoreductases</term><term>Lactoylglutathione Lyase</term><term>Plant Proteins</term><term>Thiolester Hydrolases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Diseases</term><term>Vitis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="growth & development" xml:lang="en"><term>Vitis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Diseases</term><term>Vitis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Oomycetes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Disease Resistance</term><term>Gene Expression Profiling</term><term>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</term><term>Genome, Plant</term><term>Multigene Family</term><term>Phylogeny</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>The glyoxalase system usually comprises two enzymes, glyoxalase I (GLYI) and glyoxalase II (GLYII). This system converts cytotoxic methylglyoxal (MG) into non-toxic D-lactate in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH) in two enzymatic steps. Recently, a novel type of glyoxalase III (GLYIII) activity has observed in Escherichia coli that can detoxify MG into D-lactate directly, in one step, without a cofactor. Investigation of the glyoxalase enzymes of a number of plant species shows the importance of their roles in response both to abiotic and to biotic stresses. Until now, glyoxalase gene families have been identified in the genomes of four plants, Arabidopsis, Oryza sativa, Glycine max and Medicago truncatula but no similar study has been done with the grapevine Vitis vinifera L.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>In this study, four GLYI-like, two GLYII-like and three GLYIII-like genes are identified from the genome database of grape. All these genes were analysed in detail, including their chromosomal locations, phylogenetic relationships, exon-intron distributions, protein domain organisations and the presence of conserved binding sites. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR), the expression profiles of these genes were analysed in different tissues of grape, and also when under infection stress from downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). The study reveals that most VvGLY-like genes had higher expressions in stem, leaf, tendril and ovule but lower expressions in the flower. In addition, most of the VvGLY-like gene members were P. viticola responsive with high expressions 6-12 h and 96-120 h after inoculation. However, VvGLYI-like1 was highly expressed 48 h after inoculation, similar to VvPR1 and VvNPR1 which are involved in the defence response.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>This study identified the GLYI-like, GLYII-like and GLYIII-like full gene families of the grapevine. Based on a phylogenetic analysis and the presence of conserved binding sites, we speculate that these glyoxalase-like genes in grape encode active glyoxalases. Moreover, our study provides a basis for discussing the roles of VvGLYI-like, VvGLYII-like and VvGLYIII-like genes in grape's response to downy mildew infection. Our results shed light on the selection of candidate genes for downy mildew tolerance in grape and lay the foundation for further functional investigations of these glyoxalase genes.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">31072302</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2019</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>12</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>25</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1471-2164</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>20</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2019</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>09</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>BMC genomics</Title><ISOAbbreviation>BMC Genomics</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Genome-wide analysis of glyoxalase-like gene families in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and their expression profiling in response to downy mildew infection.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>362</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s12864-019-5733-y</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">The glyoxalase system usually comprises two enzymes, glyoxalase I (GLYI) and glyoxalase II (GLYII). This system converts cytotoxic methylglyoxal (MG) into non-toxic D-lactate in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH) in two enzymatic steps. Recently, a novel type of glyoxalase III (GLYIII) activity has observed in Escherichia coli that can detoxify MG into D-lactate directly, in one step, without a cofactor. Investigation of the glyoxalase enzymes of a number of plant species shows the importance of their roles in response both to abiotic and to biotic stresses. Until now, glyoxalase gene families have been identified in the genomes of four plants, Arabidopsis, Oryza sativa, Glycine max and Medicago truncatula but no similar study has been done with the grapevine Vitis vinifera L.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">In this study, four GLYI-like, two GLYII-like and three GLYIII-like genes are identified from the genome database of grape. All these genes were analysed in detail, including their chromosomal locations, phylogenetic relationships, exon-intron distributions, protein domain organisations and the presence of conserved binding sites. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR), the expression profiles of these genes were analysed in different tissues of grape, and also when under infection stress from downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). The study reveals that most VvGLY-like genes had higher expressions in stem, leaf, tendril and ovule but lower expressions in the flower. In addition, most of the VvGLY-like gene members were P. viticola responsive with high expressions 6-12 h and 96-120 h after inoculation. However, VvGLYI-like1 was highly expressed 48 h after inoculation, similar to VvPR1 and VvNPR1 which are involved in the defence response.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">This study identified the GLYI-like, GLYII-like and GLYIII-like full gene families of the grapevine. Based on a phylogenetic analysis and the presence of conserved binding sites, we speculate that these glyoxalase-like genes in grape encode active glyoxalases. Moreover, our study provides a basis for discussing the roles of VvGLYI-like, VvGLYII-like and VvGLYIII-like genes in grape's response to downy mildew infection. Our results shed light on the selection of candidate genes for downy mildew tolerance in grape and lay the foundation for further functional investigations of these glyoxalase genes.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Tiemei</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cheng</LastName><ForeName>Xin</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Yuting</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yin</LastName><ForeName>Xiao</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Zhiqian</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Ruiqi</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Guotian</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Yuejin</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xu</LastName><ForeName>Yan</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. yan.xu@nwsuaf.edu.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. yan.xu@nwsuaf.edu.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. yan.xu@nwsuaf.edu.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>Grant No. 31471844</GrantID><Agency>the National Natural Science Foundation of China</Agency><Country></Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>2008YFD1000300</GrantID><Agency>National Key Research and Development Program of China</Agency><Country></Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2019</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>09</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>BMC Genomics</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>100965258</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1471-2164</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D010940">Plant Proteins</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 1.2.-</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000445">Aldehyde Oxidoreductases</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 1.2.-</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C091855">glyoxalase III</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.1.2.-</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D013869">Thiolester Hydrolases</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.1.2.6</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C021381">hydroxyacylglutathione 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MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005810" MajorTopicYN="Y">Multigene Family</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009868" MajorTopicYN="N">Oomycetes</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010802" MajorTopicYN="N">Phylogeny</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010935" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Diseases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="Y">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010940" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Proteins</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013869" MajorTopicYN="N">Thiolester Hydrolases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D027843" MajorTopicYN="N">Vitis</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000254" MajorTopicYN="N">growth & development</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Downy mildew</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Glyoxalase</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Grapevine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Methylglyoxal</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">qRT-PCR</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2018</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2019</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>24</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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