Flood-Ring Formation and Root Development in Response to Experimental Flooding of Young Quercus robur Trees
Identifieur interne : 000045 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000044; suivant : 000046Flood-Ring Formation and Root Development in Response to Experimental Flooding of Young Quercus robur Trees
Auteurs : Paul Copini [Pays-Bas] ; Jan Den Ouden [Pays-Bas] ; Elisabeth M. R. Robert [Belgique] ; Jacques C. Tardif [Canada] ; Walter A. Loesberg [Pays-Bas] ; Leo Goudzwaard [Pays-Bas] ; Ute Sass-Klaassen [Pays-Bas]Source :
- Frontiers in Plant Science [ 1664-462X ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Spring flooding in riparian forests can cause significant reductions in earlywood-vessel size in submerged stem parts of ring-porous tree species, leading to the presence of ‘flood rings’ that can be used as a proxy to reconstruct past flooding events, potentially over millennia. The mechanism of flood-ring formation and the relation with timing and duration of flooding are still to be elucidated. In this study, we experimentally flooded 4-year-old
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DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00775
PubMed: 27379108
PubMed Central: 4906004
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R." last="Robert">Elisabeth M. R. Robert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Laboratory of Wood Biology and Xylarium, Royal Museum for Central Africa</institution><country>Tervuren, Belgium</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, Vrije Universiteit Brussel</institution><country>Brussels, Belgium</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tardif, Jacques C" sort="Tardif, Jacques C" uniqKey="Tardif J" first="Jacques C." last="Tardif">Jacques C. 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R." last="Robert">Elisabeth M. R. Robert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Laboratory of Wood Biology and Xylarium, Royal Museum for Central Africa</institution><country>Tervuren, Belgium</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, Vrije Universiteit Brussel</institution><country>Brussels, Belgium</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tardif, Jacques C" sort="Tardif, Jacques C" uniqKey="Tardif J" first="Jacques C." last="Tardif">Jacques C. Tardif</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg</institution><country>Winnipeg, Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loesberg, Walter A" sort="Loesberg, Walter A" uniqKey="Loesberg W" first="Walter A." last="Loesberg">Walter A. Loesberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre</institution><country>Wageningen, Netherlands</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goudzwaard, Leo" sort="Goudzwaard, Leo" uniqKey="Goudzwaard L" first="Leo" last="Goudzwaard">Leo Goudzwaard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre</institution><country>Wageningen, Netherlands</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sass Klaassen, Ute" sort="Sass Klaassen, Ute" uniqKey="Sass Klaassen U" first="Ute" last="Sass-Klaassen">Ute Sass-Klaassen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre</institution><country>Wageningen, Netherlands</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in Plant Science</title><idno type="eISSN">1664-462X</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Spring flooding in riparian forests can cause significant reductions in earlywood-vessel size in submerged stem parts of ring-porous tree species, leading to the presence of ‘flood rings’ that can be used as a proxy to reconstruct past flooding events, potentially over millennia. The mechanism of flood-ring formation and the relation with timing and duration of flooding are still to be elucidated. In this study, we experimentally flooded 4-year-old <italic>Quercus robur</italic> trees at three spring phenophases (late bud dormancy, budswell, and internode expansion) and over different flooding durations (2, 4, and 6 weeks) to a stem height of 50 cm. The effect of flooding on root and vessel development was assessed immediately after the flooding treatment and at the end of the growing season. Ring width and earlywood-vessel size and density were measured at 25- and 75-cm stem height and collapsed vessels were recorded. Stem flooding inhibited earlywood-vessel development in flooded stem parts. In addition, flooding upon budswell and internode expansion led to collapsed earlywood vessels below the water level. At the end of the growing season, mean earlywood-vessel size in the flooded stem parts (upon budswell and internode expansion) was always reduced by approximately 50% compared to non-flooded stem parts and 55% compared to control trees. This reduction was already present 2 weeks after flooding and occurred independent of flooding duration. Stem and root flooding were associated with significant root dieback after 4 and 6 weeks and mean radial growth was always reduced with increasing flooding duration. By comparing stem and root flooding, we conclude that flood rings only occur after stem flooding. As earlywood-vessel development was hampered during flooding, a considerable number of narrow earlywood vessels present later in the season, must have been formed after the actual flooding events. Our study indicates that root dieback, together with strongly reduced hydraulic conductivity due to anomalously narrow earlywood vessels in flooded stem parts, contribute to reduced radial growth after flooding events. Our findings support the value of flood rings to reconstruct spring flooding events that occurred prior to instrumental flood records.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aloni, R" uniqKey="Aloni R">R. Aloni</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Astrade, L" uniqKey="Astrade L">L. Astrade</name></author><author><name sortKey="Begin, Y" uniqKey="Begin Y">Y. Bégin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ballesteros Canovas, J A" uniqKey="Ballesteros Canovas J">J. A. Ballesteros-Cánovas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stoffel, M" uniqKey="Stoffel M">M. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Front Plant Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Front Plant Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Plant Sci.</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Frontiers in Plant Science</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1664-462X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Frontiers Media S.A.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27379108</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4906004</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fpls.2016.00775</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Plant Science</subject><subj-group><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Flood-Ring Formation and Root Development in Response to Experimental Flooding of Young <italic>Quercus robur</italic> Trees</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Copini</surname><given-names>Paul</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn001"><sup>*</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/245489/overview"></uri></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>den Ouden</surname><given-names>Jan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Robert</surname><given-names>Elisabeth M. R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/139134/overview"></uri></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tardif</surname><given-names>Jacques C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/274500/overview"></uri></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Loesberg</surname><given-names>Walter A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Goudzwaard</surname><given-names>Leo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sass-Klaassen</surname><given-names>Ute</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/246278/overview"></uri></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><sup>1</sup><institution>Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre</institution><country>Wageningen, Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>2</sup><institution>Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre</institution><country>Wageningen, Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>3</sup><institution>Laboratory of Wood Biology and Xylarium, Royal Museum for Central Africa</institution><country>Tervuren, Belgium</country></aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>4</sup><institution>Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, Vrije Universiteit Brussel</institution><country>Brussels, Belgium</country></aff><aff id="aff5"><sup>5</sup><institution>Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg</institution><country>Winnipeg, Canada</country></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by: <italic>Sergio Rossi, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Canada</italic></p></fn><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Reviewed by: <italic>Scott St. George, University of Minnesota, USA; Marina V. Bryukhanova, VN Sukachev, Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia</italic></p></fn><corresp id="fn001">*Correspondence: <italic>Paul Copini, <email xlink:type="simple">paul.copini@wur.nl</email></italic></corresp><fn fn-type="other" id="fn002"><p>This article was submitted to Functional Plant Ecology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>6</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><elocation-id>775</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>11</day><month>3</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>17</day><month>5</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016 Copini, den Ouden, Robert, Tardif, Loesberg, Goudzwaard and Sass-Klaassen.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Copini, den Ouden, Robert, Tardif, Loesberg, Goudzwaard and Sass-Klaassen</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Spring flooding in riparian forests can cause significant reductions in earlywood-vessel size in submerged stem parts of ring-porous tree species, leading to the presence of ‘flood rings’ that can be used as a proxy to reconstruct past flooding events, potentially over millennia. The mechanism of flood-ring formation and the relation with timing and duration of flooding are still to be elucidated. In this study, we experimentally flooded 4-year-old <italic>Quercus robur</italic> trees at three spring phenophases (late bud dormancy, budswell, and internode expansion) and over different flooding durations (2, 4, and 6 weeks) to a stem height of 50 cm. The effect of flooding on root and vessel development was assessed immediately after the flooding treatment and at the end of the growing season. Ring width and earlywood-vessel size and density were measured at 25- and 75-cm stem height and collapsed vessels were recorded. Stem flooding inhibited earlywood-vessel development in flooded stem parts. In addition, flooding upon budswell and internode expansion led to collapsed earlywood vessels below the water level. At the end of the growing season, mean earlywood-vessel size in the flooded stem parts (upon budswell and internode expansion) was always reduced by approximately 50% compared to non-flooded stem parts and 55% compared to control trees. This reduction was already present 2 weeks after flooding and occurred independent of flooding duration. Stem and root flooding were associated with significant root dieback after 4 and 6 weeks and mean radial growth was always reduced with increasing flooding duration. By comparing stem and root flooding, we conclude that flood rings only occur after stem flooding. As earlywood-vessel development was hampered during flooding, a considerable number of narrow earlywood vessels present later in the season, must have been formed after the actual flooding events. Our study indicates that root dieback, together with strongly reduced hydraulic conductivity due to anomalously narrow earlywood vessels in flooded stem parts, contribute to reduced radial growth after flooding events. Our findings support the value of flood rings to reconstruct spring flooding events that occurred prior to instrumental flood records.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>flooding</kwd><kwd>hypoxia</kwd><kwd>leaf phenology</kwd><kwd>pedunculate oak</kwd><kwd><italic>Quercus robur</italic></kwd><kwd>vessel development</kwd><kwd>root development</kwd></kwd-group><counts><fig-count count="5"></fig-count><table-count count="3"></table-count><equation-count count="0"></equation-count><ref-count count="50"></ref-count><page-count count="14"></page-count><word-count count="0"></word-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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