Evidence of formation of submicrometer water‐soluble organic aerosols at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in summer
Identifieur interne : 000E51 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000E50; suivant : 000E52Evidence of formation of submicrometer water‐soluble organic aerosols at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in summer
Auteurs : Yuzo Miyazaki ; Jinsang Jung ; Pingqing Fu ; Yasuko Mizoguchi ; Katsumi Yamanoi ; Kimitaka KawamuraSource :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2012-10-16.
Abstract
Semicontinuous measurements of submicrometer water‐soluble organic aerosols and particle size distributions were conducted at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in August 2010. Increases in particle number concentration were frequently observed in daytime, accompanied by an increase in the concentrations of water‐soluble organic carbon (WSOC). We found that daily averaged WSOC concentrations positively correlated with gross primary production of CO2 by the forest ecosystem (r2 = 0.63) and ambient temperature during daytime. These relations suggest that the formation of WSOC is closely linked to photosynthetic activity by the forest ecosystem, which depends on both temperature and solar radiation. Off‐line chemical analysis of samples of particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1 μm collected during a 2 day event of elevated WSOC levels suggests that photochemical aging of both α‐ andβ‐pinene and isoprene oxidation products contributes to the particle growth and the WSOC mass. Organic tracers of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) showed distinct diurnal variations with a maximum around noontime, also indicating that higher temperature and light intensity induce emissions of PBAPs. However, their contribution to the submicrometer WSOC mass was likely insignificant. During the day, the concentrations of 3‐methyl‐1,2,3‐butanetricarboxylic acid (3‐MBTCA) showed a strong dependence on temperature, and the ratios of WSOC to particle volume concentration increased with an increase in the concentration ratios of 3‐MBTCA to pinonic acid (PA). This result supports a previous proposal that the 3‐MBTCA/PA ratios in submicrometer particles can be a useful tracer for chemical aging of biogenic secondary organic aerosol from forest vegetation.
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DOI: 10.1029/2012JD018250
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Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, Pingqing" sort="Fu, Pingqing" uniqKey="Fu P" first="Pingqing" last="Fu">Pingqing Fu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Now at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mizoguchi, Yasuko" sort="Mizoguchi, Yasuko" uniqKey="Mizoguchi Y" first="Yasuko" last="Mizoguchi">Yasuko Mizoguchi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yamanoi, Katsumi" sort="Yamanoi, Katsumi" uniqKey="Yamanoi K" first="Katsumi" last="Yamanoi">Katsumi Yamanoi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kawamura, Kimitaka" sort="Kawamura, Kimitaka" uniqKey="Kawamura K" first="Kimitaka" last="Kawamura">Kimitaka Kawamura</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:9D892DFB9EF11470FA11B1F60E9C3F184E63EF2C</idno><date when="2012" year="2012">2012</date><idno type="doi">10.1029/2012JD018250</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/9D892DFB9EF11470FA11B1F60E9C3F184E63EF2C/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000E51</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000E51</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Evidence of formation of submicrometer water‐soluble organic aerosols at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in summer</title><author><name sortKey="Miyazaki, Yuzo" sort="Miyazaki, Yuzo" uniqKey="Miyazaki Y" first="Yuzo" last="Miyazaki">Yuzo Miyazaki</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: yuzom@lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jung, Jinsang" sort="Jung, Jinsang" uniqKey="Jung J" first="Jinsang" last="Jung">Jinsang Jung</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Now at Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, Pingqing" sort="Fu, Pingqing" uniqKey="Fu P" first="Pingqing" last="Fu">Pingqing Fu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Now at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mizoguchi, Yasuko" sort="Mizoguchi, Yasuko" uniqKey="Mizoguchi Y" first="Yasuko" last="Mizoguchi">Yasuko Mizoguchi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yamanoi, Katsumi" sort="Yamanoi, Katsumi" uniqKey="Yamanoi K" first="Katsumi" last="Yamanoi">Katsumi Yamanoi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kawamura, Kimitaka" sort="Kawamura, Kimitaka" uniqKey="Kawamura K" first="Kimitaka" last="Kawamura">Kimitaka Kawamura</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. Geophys. Res.</title><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-2202</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2012-10-16">2012-10-16</date><biblScope unit="volume">117</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">D19</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="/">n/a</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="/">n/a</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></series><idno type="istex">9D892DFB9EF11470FA11B1F60E9C3F184E63EF2C</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2012JD018250</idno><idno type="ArticleID">2012JD018250</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Semicontinuous measurements of submicrometer water‐soluble organic aerosols and particle size distributions were conducted at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in August 2010. Increases in particle number concentration were frequently observed in daytime, accompanied by an increase in the concentrations of water‐soluble organic carbon (WSOC). We found that daily averaged WSOC concentrations positively correlated with gross primary production of CO2 by the forest ecosystem (r2 = 0.63) and ambient temperature during daytime. These relations suggest that the formation of WSOC is closely linked to photosynthetic activity by the forest ecosystem, which depends on both temperature and solar radiation. Off‐line chemical analysis of samples of particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1 μm collected during a 2 day event of elevated WSOC levels suggests that photochemical aging of both α‐ andβ‐pinene and isoprene oxidation products contributes to the particle growth and the WSOC mass. Organic tracers of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) showed distinct diurnal variations with a maximum around noontime, also indicating that higher temperature and light intensity induce emissions of PBAPs. However, their contribution to the submicrometer WSOC mass was likely insignificant. During the day, the concentrations of 3‐methyl‐1,2,3‐butanetricarboxylic acid (3‐MBTCA) showed a strong dependence on temperature, and the ratios of WSOC to particle volume concentration increased with an increase in the concentration ratios of 3‐MBTCA to pinonic acid (PA). This result supports a previous proposal that the 3‐MBTCA/PA ratios in submicrometer particles can be a useful tracer for chemical aging of biogenic secondary organic aerosol from forest vegetation.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Yuzo Miyazaki</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</json:string><json:string>E-mail: yuzom@lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jinsang Jung</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</json:string><json:string>Now at Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Pingqing Fu</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</json:string><json:string>Now at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Yasuko Mizoguchi</name><affiliations><json:string>Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Katsumi Yamanoi</name><affiliations><json:string>Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Kimitaka Kawamura</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>biogenic organic aerosols</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>decidous forest</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>water‐soluble organic carbon</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>2012JD018250</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><qualityIndicators><score>9.464</score><pdfVersion>1.6</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 792 pts (letter)</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1782</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>8260</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>51225</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>12</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>247</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Evidence of formation of submicrometer water‐soluble organic aerosols at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in summer</title><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>R. 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American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</p></availability><date>2012</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>Tab‐delimited Table 1.</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Evidence of formation of submicrometer water‐soluble organic aerosols at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in summer</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Yuzo</forename><surname>Miyazaki</surname></persName><email>yuzom@lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp</email><affiliation>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Jinsang</forename><surname>Jung</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</affiliation><affiliation>Now at Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Pingqing</forename><surname>Fu</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</affiliation><affiliation>Now at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Yasuko</forename><surname>Mizoguchi</surname></persName><affiliation>Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo, Japan</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Katsumi</forename><surname>Yamanoi</surname></persName><affiliation>Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo, Japan</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Kimitaka</forename><surname>Kawamura</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. Geophys. Res.</title><idno type="pISSN">0148-0227</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-2202</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202d</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2012-10-16"></date><biblScope unit="volume">117</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">D19</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="/">n/a</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="/">n/a</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">9D892DFB9EF11470FA11B1F60E9C3F184E63EF2C</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2012JD018250</idno><idno type="ArticleID">2012JD018250</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2012</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Semicontinuous measurements of submicrometer water‐soluble organic aerosols and particle size distributions were conducted at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in August 2010. Increases in particle number concentration were frequently observed in daytime, accompanied by an increase in the concentrations of water‐soluble organic carbon (WSOC). We found that daily averaged WSOC concentrations positively correlated with gross primary production of CO2 by the forest ecosystem (r2 = 0.63) and ambient temperature during daytime. These relations suggest that the formation of WSOC is closely linked to photosynthetic activity by the forest ecosystem, which depends on both temperature and solar radiation. Off‐line chemical analysis of samples of particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1 μm collected during a 2 day event of elevated WSOC levels suggests that photochemical aging of both α‐ andβ‐pinene and isoprene oxidation products contributes to the particle growth and the WSOC mass. Organic tracers of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) showed distinct diurnal variations with a maximum around noontime, also indicating that higher temperature and light intensity induce emissions of PBAPs. However, their contribution to the submicrometer WSOC mass was likely insignificant. During the day, the concentrations of 3‐methyl‐1,2,3‐butanetricarboxylic acid (3‐MBTCA) showed a strong dependence on temperature, and the ratios of WSOC to particle volume concentration increased with an increase in the concentration ratios of 3‐MBTCA to pinonic acid (PA). This result supports a previous proposal that the 3‐MBTCA/PA ratios in submicrometer particles can be a useful tracer for chemical aging of biogenic secondary organic aerosol from forest vegetation.</p></abstract><abstract style="short"><p>Formation of PM1 WSOC is linked to photosynthesis by the forest ecosystem Biogenic SOA significantly contributed to particle growth of PM1 WSOC Alpha‐pinene SOA and WSOC formation depends on temperature in daytime</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>biogenic organic aerosols</term></item><item><term>decidous forest</term></item><item><term>water‐soluble organic carbon</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>index-terms</head><item><term>Aerosol and Clouds</term></item><item><term>ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE</term></item><item><term>Aerosols and particles</term></item><item><term>Biosphere/atmosphere interactions</term></item><item><term>Constituent sources and sinks</term></item><item><term>Troposphere: composition and chemistry</term></item><item><term>Pollution: urban and regional</term></item><item><term>BIOGEOSCIENCES</term></item><item><term>Biosphere/atmosphere interactions</term></item><item><term>GLOBAL CHANGE</term></item><item><term>Atmosphere</term></item><item><term>OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</term></item><item><term>Aerosols</term></item><item><term>PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</term></item><item><term>Aerosols</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Aerosol and Clouds</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2012-06-06">Received</change><change when="2012-08-16">Registration</change><change when="2012-10-16">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/9D892DFB9EF11470FA11B1F60E9C3F184E63EF2C/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:lang="en" xml:id="jgrd18040"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi>10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202d</doi><issn type="print">0148-0227</issn><issn type="electronic">2156-2202</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JGRD"></id><id type="coden" value="JGREA2"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: ATMOSPHERES">Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title><title type="short">J. Geophys. Res.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="190"><doi>10.1002/jgrd.v117.D19</doi><idGroup><id type="focusSection" value="4"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="focusSection" xml:lang="en">Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title></titleGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="117">117</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">D19</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2012-10-16">16 October 2012</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="10" status="forIssue"><doi>10.1029/2012JD018250</doi><idGroup><id type="editorialOffice" value="2012JD018250"></id><id type="society" value="D19213"></id><id type="unit" value="JGRD18040"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="12"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Aerosol and Clouds</title><title type="tocHeading1">Aerosol and Clouds</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">©2012. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2012-06-06"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2012-08-07"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2012-08-16"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2012-10-13"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2012-10-13"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="SPi Global Converter:AGUv5.2_TO_WileyML3Gv1.0.3 version:1.3; WileyML 3G Packaging Tool v1.0" date="2013-03-06"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-30"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.3.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-02-25"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">n/a</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">n/a</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Corresponding author: Yuzo Miyazaki, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita‐19, Nishi‐8, Kita‐ku, Sapporo 060‐0819, Japan. (<email>yuzom@lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp</email>)</correspondenceTo><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/subset/AAC">Aerosol and Clouds</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0300">ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0305">Aerosols and particles</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0315">Biosphere/atmosphere interactions</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0322">Constituent sources and sinks</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0365">Troposphere: composition and chemistry</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0345">Pollution: urban and regional</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">BIOGEOSCIENCES</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0426">Biosphere/atmosphere interactions</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1600">GLOBAL CHANGE</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1610">Atmosphere</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4801">Aerosols</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4900">PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4906">Aerosols</subject></subjectInfo></subjectInfo><selfCitationGroup><citation xml:id="jgrd18040-cit-0000" type="self"><author><familyName>Miyazaki</familyName>, <givenNames>Y.</givenNames></author>, <author><givenNames>J.</givenNames> <familyName>Jung</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>P.</givenNames> <familyName>Fu</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>Y.</givenNames> <familyName>Mizoguchi</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>K.</givenNames> <familyName>Yamanoi</familyName></author>, and <author><givenNames>K.</givenNames> <familyName>Kawamura</familyName></author> (<pubYear year="2012">2012</pubYear>), <articleTitle>Evidence of formation of submicrometer water‐soluble organic aerosols at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in summer</articleTitle>, <journalTitle>J. Geophys. Res.</journalTitle>, <vol>117</vol>, D19213, doi:<accessionId ref="info:doi/10.1029/2012JD018250">10.1029/2012JD018250</accessionId>.</citation></selfCitationGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JGRD.JGRD18040.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="wordTotal" number="9000"></count><count type="figureTotal" number="8"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="1"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Evidence of formation of submicrometer water‐soluble organic aerosols at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in summer</title><title type="shortAuthors">MIYAZAKI ET AL.</title><title type="short">WSOC IN A DECIDUOUS FOREST</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="jgrd18040-cr-0001" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jgrd18040-aff-0001" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Yuzo</givenNames><familyName>Miyazaki</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email>yuzom@lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="jgrd18040-cr-0002" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jgrd18040-aff-0001 #jgrd18040-aff-0002"><personName><givenNames>Jinsang</givenNames><familyName>Jung</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="jgrd18040-cr-0003" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jgrd18040-aff-0001 #jgrd18040-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>Pingqing</givenNames><familyName>Fu</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="jgrd18040-cr-0004" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jgrd18040-aff-0004"><personName><givenNames>Yasuko</givenNames><familyName>Mizoguchi</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="jgrd18040-cr-0005" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jgrd18040-aff-0004"><personName><givenNames>Katsumi</givenNames><familyName>Yamanoi</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="jgrd18040-cr-0006" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jgrd18040-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Kimitaka</givenNames><familyName>Kawamura</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="jgrd18040-aff-0001" countryCode="JP" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="jgrd18040-aff-0002" countryCode="KR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Now at Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="jgrd18040-aff-0003" countryCode="CN" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Now at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="jgrd18040-aff-0004" countryCode="JP" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo, Japan</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="jgrd18040-kwd-0001">biogenic organic aerosols</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrd18040-kwd-0002">decidous forest</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrd18040-kwd-0003">water‐soluble organic carbon</keyword></keywordGroup><supportingInformation><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrd18040:jgrd18040-sup-0001-t01"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 1.</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><p xml:id="jgrd18040-para-0001" label="1">Semicontinuous measurements of submicrometer water‐soluble organic aerosols and particle size distributions were conducted at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in August 2010. Increases in particle number concentration were frequently observed in daytime, accompanied by an increase in the concentrations of water‐soluble organic carbon (WSOC). We found that daily averaged WSOC concentrations positively correlated with gross primary production of CO<sub>2</sub> by the forest ecosystem (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.63) and ambient temperature during daytime. These relations suggest that the formation of WSOC is closely linked to photosynthetic activity by the forest ecosystem, which depends on both temperature and solar radiation. Off‐line chemical analysis of samples of particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1 <i>μ</i>m collected during a 2 day event of elevated WSOC levels suggests that photochemical aging of both <i>α</i>‐ and<i>β</i>‐pinene and isoprene oxidation products contributes to the particle growth and the WSOC mass. Organic tracers of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) showed distinct diurnal variations with a maximum around noontime, also indicating that higher temperature and light intensity induce emissions of PBAPs. However, their contribution to the submicrometer WSOC mass was likely insignificant. During the day, the concentrations of 3‐methyl‐1,2,3‐butanetricarboxylic acid (3‐MBTCA) showed a strong dependence on temperature, and the ratios of WSOC to particle volume concentration increased with an increase in the concentration ratios of 3‐MBTCA to pinonic acid (PA). This result supports a previous proposal that the 3‐MBTCA/PA ratios in submicrometer particles can be a useful tracer for chemical aging of biogenic secondary organic aerosol from forest vegetation.</p></abstract><abstract type="short"><title type="main">Key Points</title><p xml:id="jgrd18040-para-0002"><list style="bulleted"><listItem>Formation of PM1 WSOC is linked to photosynthesis by the forest ecosystem</listItem><listItem>Biogenic SOA significantly contributed to particle growth of PM1 WSOC</listItem><listItem>Alpha‐pinene SOA and WSOC formation depends on temperature in daytime</listItem></list></p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Evidence of formation of submicrometer water‐soluble organic aerosols at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in summer</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>WSOC IN A DECIDUOUS FOREST</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Evidence of formation of submicrometer water‐soluble organic aerosols at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in summer</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yuzo</namePart><namePart type="family">Miyazaki</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: yuzom@lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jinsang</namePart><namePart type="family">Jung</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</affiliation><affiliation>Now at Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Pingqing</namePart><namePart type="family">Fu</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</affiliation><affiliation>Now at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yasuko</namePart><namePart type="family">Mizoguchi</namePart><affiliation>Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Katsumi</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamanoi</namePart><affiliation>Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Kimitaka</namePart><namePart type="family">Kawamura</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2012-10-16</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2012-06-06</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2012-08-16</dateValid><edition>Miyazaki, Y., J. Jung, P. Fu, Y. Mizoguchi, K. Yamanoi, and K. Kawamura (2012), Evidence of formation of submicrometer water‐soluble organic aerosols at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in summer, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D19213, doi:10.1029/2012JD018250.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2012</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">8</extent><extent unit="tables">1</extent><extent unit="words">9000</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Semicontinuous measurements of submicrometer water‐soluble organic aerosols and particle size distributions were conducted at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in August 2010. Increases in particle number concentration were frequently observed in daytime, accompanied by an increase in the concentrations of water‐soluble organic carbon (WSOC). We found that daily averaged WSOC concentrations positively correlated with gross primary production of CO2 by the forest ecosystem (r2 = 0.63) and ambient temperature during daytime. These relations suggest that the formation of WSOC is closely linked to photosynthetic activity by the forest ecosystem, which depends on both temperature and solar radiation. Off‐line chemical analysis of samples of particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1 μm collected during a 2 day event of elevated WSOC levels suggests that photochemical aging of both α‐ andβ‐pinene and isoprene oxidation products contributes to the particle growth and the WSOC mass. Organic tracers of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) showed distinct diurnal variations with a maximum around noontime, also indicating that higher temperature and light intensity induce emissions of PBAPs. However, their contribution to the submicrometer WSOC mass was likely insignificant. During the day, the concentrations of 3‐methyl‐1,2,3‐butanetricarboxylic acid (3‐MBTCA) showed a strong dependence on temperature, and the ratios of WSOC to particle volume concentration increased with an increase in the concentration ratios of 3‐MBTCA to pinonic acid (PA). This result supports a previous proposal that the 3‐MBTCA/PA ratios in submicrometer particles can be a useful tracer for chemical aging of biogenic secondary organic aerosol from forest vegetation.</abstract><abstract type="short">Formation of PM1 WSOC is linked to photosynthesis by the forest ecosystem Biogenic SOA significantly contributed to particle growth of PM1 WSOC Alpha‐pinene SOA and WSOC formation depends on temperature in daytime</abstract><note type="additional physical form">Tab‐delimited Table 1.</note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>biogenic organic aerosols</topic><topic>decidous forest</topic><topic>water‐soluble organic carbon</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Geophys. Res.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>index-terms</genre><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/subset/AAC">Aerosol and Clouds</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0300">ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0305">Aerosols and particles</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0315">Biosphere/atmosphere interactions</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0322">Constituent sources and sinks</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0365">Troposphere: composition and chemistry</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0345">Pollution: urban and regional</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">BIOGEOSCIENCES</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0426">Biosphere/atmosphere interactions</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1600">GLOBAL CHANGE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1610">Atmosphere</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4801">Aerosols</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4900">PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4906">Aerosols</topic></subject><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Aerosol and Clouds</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0148-0227</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">2156-2202</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202d</identifier><identifier type="CODEN">JGREA2</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JGRD</identifier><part><date>2012</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>117</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>D19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>n/a</start><end>n/a</end><total>12</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">9D892DFB9EF11470FA11B1F60E9C3F184E63EF2C</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1029/2012JD018250</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">2012JD018250</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©2012. 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