Nitrate leaching from three afforestation chronosequences on former arable land in Denmark
Identifieur interne : 000E49 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000E48; suivant : 000E50Nitrate leaching from three afforestation chronosequences on former arable land in Denmark
Auteurs : Karin Hansen ; Lars Rosenqvist ; Lars Vesterdal ; Per GundersenSource :
- Global Change Biology [ 1354-1013 ] ; 2007-06.
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- KwdEn :
Abstract
In regions dominated by agricultural activities, nitrogen (N) is recognized as a major pollutant in aquatic environments. In north‐western Europe, afforestation of agricultural land is part of a strategy to improve water quality. In Denmark, former arable land has been afforested during the past 40–50 years. This study evaluated the effect of afforestation of former arable land on nitrate leaching, based on three afforestation chronosequences. Precipitation, canopy throughfall and soil water were collected and soil moisture was monitored at two Danish locations, Vestskoven (nutrient‐rich, medium deposition) and Gejlvang (nutrient‐poor, high deposition). Afforestation was performed using Norway spruce [Picea abies (Karst.) L.] and common oak (Quercus robur L.) at Vestskoven and Norway spruce at Gejlvang. The results suggest that afforestation of former arable land initially leads to lower nitrate leaching than that occurring under the former agricultural land use, and largely below the standard of 50 mg NO−3 L−1 for groundwater to be utilized as drinking water. Nitrate concentrations became almost negligible in forest stands of 5–20 years of age. However, after canopy closure (>20 years) nitrate concentrations below the root zone and nitrate leaching tended to increase. This was attributed to increased N deposition with increasing canopy development and decreased N demand once the most N‐rich biomass compartments had been built up. Nitrate leaching started to increase at a throughfall deposition level of about 10 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Compared with nutrient‐poor sandy soils, nutrient‐rich clayey soils appeared more vulnerable to disturbance of the N cycle and to increased N deposition, leading to N saturation and enhanced nitrate leaching. In approximately the first 35 years after afforestation, nitrate leaching below the root zone was generally higher below oak than below Norway spruce.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01355.x
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ISTEX:38F168E75E9FEB83E1F4E1FF04CEE89EEE75420DLe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Nitrate leaching from three afforestation chronosequences on former arable land in Denmark</title><author><name sortKey="Hansen, Karin" sort="Hansen, Karin" uniqKey="Hansen K" first="Karin" last="Hansen">Karin Hansen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Forest & Landscape Denmark, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK‐2970 Hørsholm, Denmark,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenqvist, Lars" sort="Rosenqvist, Lars" uniqKey="Rosenqvist L" first="Lars" last="Rosenqvist">Lars Rosenqvist</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Forest Soils, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7001, Arrheniusplan 8, SE‐750 07 Uppsala, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vesterdal, Lars" sort="Vesterdal, Lars" uniqKey="Vesterdal L" first="Lars" last="Vesterdal">Lars Vesterdal</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Forest & Landscape Denmark, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK‐2970 Hørsholm, Denmark,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gundersen, Per" sort="Gundersen, Per" uniqKey="Gundersen P" first="Per" last="Gundersen">Per Gundersen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Forest & Landscape Denmark, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK‐2970 Hørsholm, Denmark,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:38F168E75E9FEB83E1F4E1FF04CEE89EEE75420D</idno><date when="2007" year="2007">2007</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01355.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/38F168E75E9FEB83E1F4E1FF04CEE89EEE75420D/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000E49</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000E49</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Nitrate leaching from three afforestation chronosequences on former arable land in Denmark</title><author><name sortKey="Hansen, Karin" sort="Hansen, Karin" uniqKey="Hansen K" first="Karin" last="Hansen">Karin Hansen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Forest & Landscape Denmark, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK‐2970 Hørsholm, Denmark,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenqvist, Lars" sort="Rosenqvist, Lars" uniqKey="Rosenqvist L" first="Lars" last="Rosenqvist">Lars Rosenqvist</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Forest Soils, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7001, Arrheniusplan 8, SE‐750 07 Uppsala, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vesterdal, Lars" sort="Vesterdal, Lars" uniqKey="Vesterdal L" first="Lars" last="Vesterdal">Lars Vesterdal</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Forest & Landscape Denmark, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK‐2970 Hørsholm, Denmark,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gundersen, Per" sort="Gundersen, Per" uniqKey="Gundersen P" first="Per" last="Gundersen">Per Gundersen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Forest & Landscape Denmark, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK‐2970 Hørsholm, Denmark,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Global Change Biology</title><idno type="ISSN">1354-1013</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2486</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2007-06">2007-06</date><biblScope unit="volume">13</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1250">1250</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1264">1264</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1354-1013</idno></series><idno type="istex">38F168E75E9FEB83E1F4E1FF04CEE89EEE75420D</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01355.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">GCB1355</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1354-1013</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>C/N ratio</term><term>Norway spruce</term><term>afforestation</term><term>chronosequence</term><term>common oak</term><term>former arable land</term><term>hydrological modelling</term><term>nitrate leaching</term><term>soil N</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In regions dominated by agricultural activities, nitrogen (N) is recognized as a major pollutant in aquatic environments. In north‐western Europe, afforestation of agricultural land is part of a strategy to improve water quality. In Denmark, former arable land has been afforested during the past 40–50 years. This study evaluated the effect of afforestation of former arable land on nitrate leaching, based on three afforestation chronosequences. Precipitation, canopy throughfall and soil water were collected and soil moisture was monitored at two Danish locations, Vestskoven (nutrient‐rich, medium deposition) and Gejlvang (nutrient‐poor, high deposition). Afforestation was performed using Norway spruce [Picea abies (Karst.) L.] and common oak (Quercus robur L.) at Vestskoven and Norway spruce at Gejlvang. The results suggest that afforestation of former arable land initially leads to lower nitrate leaching than that occurring under the former agricultural land use, and largely below the standard of 50 mg NO−3 L−1 for groundwater to be utilized as drinking water. Nitrate concentrations became almost negligible in forest stands of 5–20 years of age. However, after canopy closure (>20 years) nitrate concentrations below the root zone and nitrate leaching tended to increase. This was attributed to increased N deposition with increasing canopy development and decreased N demand once the most N‐rich biomass compartments had been built up. Nitrate leaching started to increase at a throughfall deposition level of about 10 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Compared with nutrient‐poor sandy soils, nutrient‐rich clayey soils appeared more vulnerable to disturbance of the N cycle and to increased N deposition, leading to N saturation and enhanced nitrate leaching. In approximately the first 35 years after afforestation, nitrate leaching below the root zone was generally higher below oak than below Norway spruce.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>KARIN HANSEN</name><affiliations><json:string>Forest & Landscape Denmark, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK‐2970 Hørsholm, Denmark,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>LARS ROSENQVIST</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Forest Soils, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7001, Arrheniusplan 8, SE‐750 07 Uppsala, Sweden</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>LARS VESTERDAL</name><affiliations><json:string>Forest & Landscape Denmark, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK‐2970 Hørsholm, Denmark,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>PER GUNDERSEN</name><affiliations><json:string>Forest & Landscape Denmark, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK‐2970 Hørsholm, Denmark,</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>afforestation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>chronosequence</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>C/N ratio</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>common oak</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>former arable land</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>hydrological modelling</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>nitrate leaching</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Norway spruce</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>soil N</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>GCB1355</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>In regions dominated by agricultural activities, nitrogen (N) is recognized as a major pollutant in aquatic environments. In north‐western Europe, afforestation of agricultural land is part of a strategy to improve water quality. In Denmark, former arable land has been afforested during the past 40–50 years. This study evaluated the effect of afforestation of former arable land on nitrate leaching, based on three afforestation chronosequences. Precipitation, canopy throughfall and soil water were collected and soil moisture was monitored at two Danish locations, Vestskoven (nutrient‐rich, medium deposition) and Gejlvang (nutrient‐poor, high deposition). Afforestation was performed using Norway spruce [Picea abies (Karst.) L.] and common oak (Quercus robur L.) at Vestskoven and Norway spruce at Gejlvang. The results suggest that afforestation of former arable land initially leads to lower nitrate leaching than that occurring under the former agricultural land use, and largely below the standard of 50 mg NO−3 L−1 for groundwater to be utilized as drinking water. Nitrate concentrations became almost negligible in forest stands of 5–20 years of age. However, after canopy closure (>20 years) nitrate concentrations below the root zone and nitrate leaching tended to increase. This was attributed to increased N deposition with increasing canopy development and decreased N demand once the most N‐rich biomass compartments had been built up. Nitrate leaching started to increase at a throughfall deposition level of about 10 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Compared with nutrient‐poor sandy soils, nutrient‐rich clayey soils appeared more vulnerable to disturbance of the N cycle and to increased N deposition, leading to N saturation and enhanced nitrate leaching. 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World Health Organization 1998, Geneva, pp.19–80.</title></host></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>13</volume><publisherId><json:string>GCB</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>15</total><last>1264</last><first>1250</first></pages><issn><json:string>1354-1013</json:string></issn><issue>6</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1365-2486</json:string></eissn><title>Global Change Biology</title><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2486</json:string></doi></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>environmental sciences</json:string><json:string>ecology</json:string><json:string>biodiversity conservation</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>natural sciences</json:string><json:string>biology</json:string><json:string>ecology</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2007</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2007</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01355.x</json:string></doi><id>38F168E75E9FEB83E1F4E1FF04CEE89EEE75420D</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/38F168E75E9FEB83E1F4E1FF04CEE89EEE75420D/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/38F168E75E9FEB83E1F4E1FF04CEE89EEE75420D/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/38F168E75E9FEB83E1F4E1FF04CEE89EEE75420D/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Nitrate leaching from three afforestation chronosequences on former arable land in Denmark</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>WILEY</p></availability><date>2007</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Nitrate leaching from three afforestation chronosequences on former arable land in Denmark</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">KARIN</forename><surname>HANSEN</surname></persName><affiliation>Forest & Landscape Denmark, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK‐2970 Hørsholm, Denmark,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">LARS</forename><surname>ROSENQVIST</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Forest Soils, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7001, Arrheniusplan 8, SE‐750 07 Uppsala, Sweden</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">LARS</forename><surname>VESTERDAL</surname></persName><affiliation>Forest & Landscape Denmark, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK‐2970 Hørsholm, Denmark,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">PER</forename><surname>GUNDERSEN</surname></persName><affiliation>Forest & Landscape Denmark, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK‐2970 Hørsholm, Denmark,</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Global Change Biology</title><idno type="pISSN">1354-1013</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2486</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2486</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2007-06"></date><biblScope unit="volume">13</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1250">1250</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1264">1264</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">38F168E75E9FEB83E1F4E1FF04CEE89EEE75420D</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01355.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">GCB1355</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2007</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In regions dominated by agricultural activities, nitrogen (N) is recognized as a major pollutant in aquatic environments. In north‐western Europe, afforestation of agricultural land is part of a strategy to improve water quality. In Denmark, former arable land has been afforested during the past 40–50 years. This study evaluated the effect of afforestation of former arable land on nitrate leaching, based on three afforestation chronosequences. Precipitation, canopy throughfall and soil water were collected and soil moisture was monitored at two Danish locations, Vestskoven (nutrient‐rich, medium deposition) and Gejlvang (nutrient‐poor, high deposition). Afforestation was performed using Norway spruce [Picea abies (Karst.) L.] and common oak (Quercus robur L.) at Vestskoven and Norway spruce at Gejlvang. The results suggest that afforestation of former arable land initially leads to lower nitrate leaching than that occurring under the former agricultural land use, and largely below the standard of 50 mg NO−3 L−1 for groundwater to be utilized as drinking water. Nitrate concentrations became almost negligible in forest stands of 5–20 years of age. However, after canopy closure (>20 years) nitrate concentrations below the root zone and nitrate leaching tended to increase. This was attributed to increased N deposition with increasing canopy development and decreased N demand once the most N‐rich biomass compartments had been built up. Nitrate leaching started to increase at a throughfall deposition level of about 10 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Compared with nutrient‐poor sandy soils, nutrient‐rich clayey soils appeared more vulnerable to disturbance of the N cycle and to increased N deposition, leading to N saturation and enhanced nitrate leaching. In approximately the first 35 years after afforestation, nitrate leaching below the root zone was generally higher below oak than below Norway spruce.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>afforestation</term></item><item><term>chronosequence</term></item><item><term>C/N ratio</term></item><item><term>common oak</term></item><item><term>former arable land</term></item><item><term>hydrological modelling</term></item><item><term>nitrate leaching</term></item><item><term>Norway spruce</term></item><item><term>soil N</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2007-06">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/38F168E75E9FEB83E1F4E1FF04CEE89EEE75420D/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2486</doi><issn type="print">1354-1013</issn><issn type="electronic">1365-2486</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="GCB"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY">Global Change Biology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="06006"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/gcb.2007.13.issue-6</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="13">13</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="6">6</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2007-06">June 2007</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="13" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01355.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="GCB1355"></id><id type="supplier" value="1355"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="15"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Research Papers</title></titleGroup><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2007-03-26"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2007-03-26"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-06"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-25"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-23"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="1250">1250</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="1264">1264</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo> Karin Hansen, tel. +45 35281682, fax +45 35281517, e‐mail: <email normalForm="kiha@life.ku.dk">kiha@life.ku.dk</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:GCB.GCB1355.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received 21 August 2006; revised version received 18 December 2006 and accepted 11 January 2007</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="8"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="1"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="2"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="59"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="10977"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="127"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Nitrate leaching from three afforestation chronosequences on former arable land in Denmark</title><title type="shortAuthors">K. HANSEN <i>et al.</i></title><title type="short">N LEACHING IN AFFORESTATION CHRONOSEQUENCES</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>KARIN</givenNames><familyName>HANSEN</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>LARS</givenNames><familyName>ROSENQVIST</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>LARS</givenNames><familyName>VESTERDAL</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>PER</givenNames><familyName>GUNDERSEN</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="DK"><unparsedAffiliation>Forest & Landscape Denmark, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK‐2970 Hørsholm, Denmark,</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="SE"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Forest Soils, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7001, Arrheniusplan 8, SE‐750 07 Uppsala, Sweden</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">afforestation</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">chronosequence</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">C/N ratio</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">common oak</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">former arable land</keyword><keyword xml:id="k6">hydrological modelling</keyword><keyword xml:id="k7">nitrate leaching</keyword><keyword xml:id="k8">Norway spruce</keyword><keyword xml:id="k9">soil N</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>In regions dominated by agricultural activities, nitrogen (N) is recognized as a major pollutant in aquatic environments. In north‐western Europe, afforestation of agricultural land is part of a strategy to improve water quality. In Denmark, former arable land has been afforested during the past 40–50 years. This study evaluated the effect of afforestation of former arable land on nitrate leaching, based on three afforestation chronosequences. Precipitation, canopy throughfall and soil water were collected and soil moisture was monitored at two Danish locations, Vestskoven (nutrient‐rich, medium deposition) and Gejlvang (nutrient‐poor, high deposition). Afforestation was performed using Norway spruce [<i>Picea abies</i> (Karst.) L.] and common oak (<i>Quercus robur</i> L.) at Vestskoven and Norway spruce at Gejlvang. The results suggest that afforestation of former arable land initially leads to lower nitrate leaching than that occurring under the former agricultural land use, and largely below the standard of 50 mg NO<sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub> L<sup>−1</sup> for groundwater to be utilized as drinking water. Nitrate concentrations became almost negligible in forest stands of 5–20 years of age. However, after canopy closure (>20 years) nitrate concentrations below the root zone and nitrate leaching tended to increase. This was attributed to increased N deposition with increasing canopy development and decreased N demand once the most N‐rich biomass compartments had been built up. Nitrate leaching started to increase at a throughfall deposition level of about 10 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>. Compared with nutrient‐poor sandy soils, nutrient‐rich clayey soils appeared more vulnerable to disturbance of the N cycle and to increased N deposition, leading to N saturation and enhanced nitrate leaching. In approximately the first 35 years after afforestation, nitrate leaching below the root zone was generally higher below oak than below Norway spruce.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Nitrate leaching from three afforestation chronosequences on former arable land in Denmark</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>N LEACHING IN AFFORESTATION CHRONOSEQUENCES</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Nitrate leaching from three afforestation chronosequences on former arable land in Denmark</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KARIN</namePart><namePart type="family">HANSEN</namePart><affiliation>Forest & Landscape Denmark, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK‐2970 Hørsholm, Denmark,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LARS</namePart><namePart type="family">ROSENQVIST</namePart><affiliation>Department of Forest Soils, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7001, Arrheniusplan 8, SE‐750 07 Uppsala, Sweden</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LARS</namePart><namePart type="family">VESTERDAL</namePart><affiliation>Forest & Landscape Denmark, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK‐2970 Hørsholm, Denmark,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PER</namePart><namePart type="family">GUNDERSEN</namePart><affiliation>Forest & Landscape Denmark, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK‐2970 Hørsholm, Denmark,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2007-06</dateIssued><edition>Received 21 August 2006; revised version received 18 December 2006 and accepted 11 January 2007</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2007</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">8</extent><extent unit="tables">1</extent><extent unit="formulas">2</extent><extent unit="references">59</extent><extent unit="words">10977</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">In regions dominated by agricultural activities, nitrogen (N) is recognized as a major pollutant in aquatic environments. In north‐western Europe, afforestation of agricultural land is part of a strategy to improve water quality. In Denmark, former arable land has been afforested during the past 40–50 years. This study evaluated the effect of afforestation of former arable land on nitrate leaching, based on three afforestation chronosequences. Precipitation, canopy throughfall and soil water were collected and soil moisture was monitored at two Danish locations, Vestskoven (nutrient‐rich, medium deposition) and Gejlvang (nutrient‐poor, high deposition). Afforestation was performed using Norway spruce [Picea abies (Karst.) L.] and common oak (Quercus robur L.) at Vestskoven and Norway spruce at Gejlvang. The results suggest that afforestation of former arable land initially leads to lower nitrate leaching than that occurring under the former agricultural land use, and largely below the standard of 50 mg NO−3 L−1 for groundwater to be utilized as drinking water. Nitrate concentrations became almost negligible in forest stands of 5–20 years of age. However, after canopy closure (>20 years) nitrate concentrations below the root zone and nitrate leaching tended to increase. This was attributed to increased N deposition with increasing canopy development and decreased N demand once the most N‐rich biomass compartments had been built up. Nitrate leaching started to increase at a throughfall deposition level of about 10 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Compared with nutrient‐poor sandy soils, nutrient‐rich clayey soils appeared more vulnerable to disturbance of the N cycle and to increased N deposition, leading to N saturation and enhanced nitrate leaching. In approximately the first 35 years after afforestation, nitrate leaching below the root zone was generally higher below oak than below Norway spruce.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>afforestation</topic><topic>chronosequence</topic><topic>C/N ratio</topic><topic>common oak</topic><topic>former arable land</topic><topic>hydrological modelling</topic><topic>nitrate leaching</topic><topic>Norway spruce</topic><topic>soil N</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Global Change Biology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1354-1013</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1365-2486</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2486</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">GCB</identifier><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>13</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1250</start><end>1264</end><total>15</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">38F168E75E9FEB83E1F4E1FF04CEE89EEE75420D</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01355.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">GCB1355</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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