A global reference for caesarean section rates (C-Model): a multicountry cross-sectional study.
Identifieur interne : 002248 ( PubMed/Curation ); précédent : 002247; suivant : 002249A global reference for caesarean section rates (C-Model): a multicountry cross-sectional study.
Auteurs : J P Souza [Brésil] ; A P Betran [Suisse] ; A. Dumont [France] ; B. De Mucio [Uruguay] ; C M Gibbs Pickens [États-Unis] ; C. Deneux-Tharaux [France] ; E. Ortiz-Panozo [Mexique] ; E. Sullivan [Australie] ; E. Ota [Japon] ; G. Togoobaatar [Japon] ; G. Carroli [Argentine] ; H. Knight [Royaume-Uni] ; J. Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; J G Cecatti [Brésil] ; J P Vogel [Suisse] ; K. Jayaratne [Sri Lanka] ; M C Leal [Brésil] ; M. Gissler [Finlande] ; N. Morisaki [Japon] ; N. Lack [Allemagne] ; O T Oladapo [Suisse] ; Ö Tunçalp [Suisse] ; P. Lumbiganon [Thaïlande] ; R. Mori [Japon] ; S. Quintana [Brésil] ; A D Costa Passos [Brésil] ; A C Marcolin [Brésil] ; A. Zongo [France] ; B. Blondel [France] ; B. Hernández [États-Unis] ; C J Hogue [États-Unis] ; C. Prunet [France] ; C. Landman [Brésil] ; C. Ochir [Mongolie] ; C. Cuesta [Argentine] ; C. Pileggi-Castro [Brésil] ; D. Walker [États-Unis] ; D. Alves [Brésil] ; E. Abalos [Argentine] ; Ecd Moises [Brésil] ; E M Vieira [Brésil] ; G. Duarte [Brésil] ; G. Perdona [Brésil] ; I. Gurol-Urganci [Royaume-Uni] ; K. Takahiko [Japon] ; L. Moscovici [Brésil] ; L. Campodonico [Argentine] ; L. Oliveira-Ciabati [Brésil] ; M. Laopaiboon [Thaïlande] ; M. Danansuriya [Sri Lanka] ; M. Nakamura-Pereira [Brésil] ; M L Costa [Brésil] ; M R Torloni [Brésil] ; M R Kramer [États-Unis] ; P. Borges [Brésil] ; P B Olkhanud [Mongolie] ; R. Pérez-Cuevas [Mexique] ; S B Agampodi [Sri Lanka] ; S. Mittal [Inde] ; S. Serruya [Uruguay] ; V. Bataglia [Paraguay] ; Z. Li [Australie] ; M. Temmerman [Suisse] ; A M Gülmezoglu [Suisse]Source :
- BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology [ 1471-0528 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- statistics & numerical data : Cesarean Section.
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Internationality, Models, Statistical, Pregnancy, Reference Values.
Abstract
To generate a global reference for caesarean section (CS) rates at health facilities.
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13509
PubMed: 26259689
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Dumont</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute for Development, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 216, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute for Development, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 216, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Mucio, B" sort="De Mucio, B" uniqKey="De Mucio B" first="B" last="De Mucio">B. De Mucio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Latin American Center for Perinatology, Women and Reproductive Health, (CLAP/WR), WHO Regional Office for the Americas, Montevideo, Uruguay.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Uruguay</country><wicri:regionArea>Latin American Center for Perinatology, Women and Reproductive Health, (CLAP/WR), WHO Regional Office for the Americas, Montevideo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gibbs Pickens, C M" sort="Gibbs Pickens, C M" uniqKey="Gibbs Pickens C" first="C M" last="Gibbs Pickens">C M Gibbs Pickens</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deneux Tharaux, C" sort="Deneux Tharaux, C" uniqKey="Deneux Tharaux C" first="C" last="Deneux-Tharaux">C. Deneux-Tharaux</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Inserm U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paris Descartes University, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ortiz Panozo, E" sort="Ortiz Panozo, E" uniqKey="Ortiz Panozo E" first="E" last="Ortiz-Panozo">E. 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Ota</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Togoobaatar, G" sort="Togoobaatar, G" uniqKey="Togoobaatar G" first="G" last="Togoobaatar">G. Togoobaatar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carroli, G" sort="Carroli, G" uniqKey="Carroli G" first="G" last="Carroli">G. Carroli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knight, H" sort="Knight, H" uniqKey="Knight H" first="H" last="Knight">H. Knight</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Office for Research and Clinical Audit, Lindsay Stewart R&D Centre, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Office for Research and Clinical Audit, Lindsay Stewart R&D Centre, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, J" sort="Zhang, J" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="J" last="Zhang">J. Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cecatti, J G" sort="Cecatti, J G" uniqKey="Cecatti J" first="J G" last="Cecatti">J G Cecatti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vogel, J P" sort="Vogel, J P" uniqKey="Vogel J" first="J P" last="Vogel">J P Vogel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jayaratne, K" sort="Jayaratne, K" uniqKey="Jayaratne K" first="K" last="Jayaratne">K. Jayaratne</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Sri Lanka</country><wicri:regionArea>Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Colombo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leal, M C" sort="Leal, M C" uniqKey="Leal M" first="M C" last="Leal">M C Leal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gissler, M" sort="Gissler, M" uniqKey="Gissler M" first="M" last="Gissler">M. Gissler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morisaki, N" sort="Morisaki, N" uniqKey="Morisaki N" first="N" last="Morisaki">N. Morisaki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lack, N" sort="Lack, N" uniqKey="Lack N" first="N" last="Lack">N. Lack</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Bayerische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Qualitätssicherung in der Stationären Versorgung (BAQ), Bayerische Krankenhausgesellschaft, Munich, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Bayerische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Qualitätssicherung in der Stationären Versorgung (BAQ), Bayerische Krankenhausgesellschaft, Munich</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oladapo, O T" sort="Oladapo, O T" uniqKey="Oladapo O" first="O T" last="Oladapo">O T Oladapo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuncalp, O" sort="Tuncalp, O" uniqKey="Tuncalp O" first="Ö" last="Tunçalp">Ö Tunçalp</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lumbiganon, P" sort="Lumbiganon, P" uniqKey="Lumbiganon P" first="P" last="Lumbiganon">P. Lumbiganon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mori, R" sort="Mori, R" uniqKey="Mori R" first="R" last="Mori">R. Mori</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quintana, S" sort="Quintana, S" uniqKey="Quintana S" first="S" last="Quintana">S. Quintana</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Costa Passos, A D" sort="Costa Passos, A D" uniqKey="Costa Passos A" first="A D" last="Costa Passos">A D Costa Passos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marcolin, A C" sort="Marcolin, A C" uniqKey="Marcolin A" first="A C" last="Marcolin">A C Marcolin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zongo, A" sort="Zongo, A" uniqKey="Zongo A" first="A" last="Zongo">A. Zongo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute for Development, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 216, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute for Development, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 216, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blondel, B" sort="Blondel, B" uniqKey="Blondel B" first="B" last="Blondel">B. Blondel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Inserm U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paris Descartes University, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez, B" sort="Hernandez, B" uniqKey="Hernandez B" first="B" last="Hernández">B. Hernández</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hogue, C J" sort="Hogue, C J" uniqKey="Hogue C" first="C J" last="Hogue">C J Hogue</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prunet, C" sort="Prunet, C" uniqKey="Prunet C" first="C" last="Prunet">C. Prunet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Inserm U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paris Descartes University, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Landman, C" sort="Landman, C" uniqKey="Landman C" first="C" last="Landman">C. Landman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ochir, C" sort="Ochir, C" uniqKey="Ochir C" first="C" last="Ochir">C. Ochir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Health Sciences University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mongolie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Health Sciences University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cuesta, C" sort="Cuesta, C" uniqKey="Cuesta C" first="C" last="Cuesta">C. Cuesta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pileggi Castro, C" sort="Pileggi Castro, C" uniqKey="Pileggi Castro C" first="C" last="Pileggi-Castro">C. Pileggi-Castro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>GLIDE Technical Cooperation and Research, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>GLIDE Technical Cooperation and Research, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, D" sort="Walker, D" uniqKey="Walker D" first="D" last="Walker">D. Walker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alves, D" sort="Alves, D" uniqKey="Alves D" first="D" last="Alves">D. Alves</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abalos, E" sort="Abalos, E" uniqKey="Abalos E" first="E" last="Abalos">E. Abalos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moises, Ecd" sort="Moises, Ecd" uniqKey="Moises E" first="Ecd" last="Moises">Ecd Moises</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vieira, E M" sort="Vieira, E M" uniqKey="Vieira E" first="E M" last="Vieira">E M Vieira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duarte, G" sort="Duarte, G" uniqKey="Duarte G" first="G" last="Duarte">G. Duarte</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perdona, G" sort="Perdona, G" uniqKey="Perdona G" first="G" last="Perdona">G. Perdona</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gurol Urganci, I" sort="Gurol Urganci, I" uniqKey="Gurol Urganci I" first="I" last="Gurol-Urganci">I. Gurol-Urganci</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Office for Research and Clinical Audit, Lindsay Stewart R&D Centre, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Office for Research and Clinical Audit, Lindsay Stewart R&D Centre, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takahiko, K" sort="Takahiko, K" uniqKey="Takahiko K" first="K" last="Takahiko">K. Takahiko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moscovici, L" sort="Moscovici, L" uniqKey="Moscovici L" first="L" last="Moscovici">L. Moscovici</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campodonico, L" sort="Campodonico, L" uniqKey="Campodonico L" first="L" last="Campodonico">L. Campodonico</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oliveira Ciabati, L" sort="Oliveira Ciabati, L" uniqKey="Oliveira Ciabati L" first="L" last="Oliveira-Ciabati">L. Oliveira-Ciabati</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laopaiboon, M" sort="Laopaiboon, M" uniqKey="Laopaiboon M" first="M" last="Laopaiboon">M. Laopaiboon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biostatistics and Demography, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biostatistics and Demography, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Danansuriya, M" sort="Danansuriya, M" uniqKey="Danansuriya M" first="M" last="Danansuriya">M. Danansuriya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Sri Lanka</country><wicri:regionArea>Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Colombo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakamura Pereira, M" sort="Nakamura Pereira, M" uniqKey="Nakamura Pereira M" first="M" last="Nakamura-Pereira">M. Nakamura-Pereira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Costa, M L" sort="Costa, M L" uniqKey="Costa M" first="M L" last="Costa">M L Costa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torloni, M R" sort="Torloni, M R" uniqKey="Torloni M" first="M R" last="Torloni">M R Torloni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kramer, M R" sort="Kramer, M R" uniqKey="Kramer M" first="M R" last="Kramer">M R Kramer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borges, P" sort="Borges, P" uniqKey="Borges P" first="P" last="Borges">P. Borges</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olkhanud, P B" sort="Olkhanud, P B" uniqKey="Olkhanud P" first="P B" last="Olkhanud">P B Olkhanud</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Health Sciences University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mongolie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Health Sciences University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perez Cuevas, R" sort="Perez Cuevas, R" uniqKey="Perez Cuevas R" first="R" last="Pérez-Cuevas">R. Pérez-Cuevas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Social Protection and Health Division, Inter-American Development Bank, Mexico City, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Social Protection and Health Division, Inter-American Development Bank, Mexico City</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agampodi, S B" sort="Agampodi, S B" uniqKey="Agampodi S" first="S B" last="Agampodi">S B Agampodi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Sri Lanka</country><wicri:regionArea>Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Colombo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mittal, S" sort="Mittal, S" uniqKey="Mittal S" first="S" last="Mittal">S. Mittal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Serruya, S" sort="Serruya, S" uniqKey="Serruya S" first="S" last="Serruya">S. Serruya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Latin American Center for Perinatology, Women and Reproductive Health, (CLAP/WR), WHO Regional Office for the Americas, Montevideo, Uruguay.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Uruguay</country><wicri:regionArea>Latin American Center for Perinatology, Women and Reproductive Health, (CLAP/WR), WHO Regional Office for the Americas, Montevideo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bataglia, V" sort="Bataglia, V" uniqKey="Bataglia V" first="V" last="Bataglia">V. Bataglia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hospital Nacional de Itauguá, Itauguá, Paraguay.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Paraguay</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Nacional de Itauguá, Itauguá</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Z" sort="Li, Z" uniqKey="Li Z" first="Z" last="Li">Z. Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Temmerman, M" sort="Temmerman, M" uniqKey="Temmerman M" first="M" last="Temmerman">M. Temmerman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gulmezoglu, A M" sort="Gulmezoglu, A M" uniqKey="Gulmezoglu A" first="A M" last="Gülmezoglu">A M Gülmezoglu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26259689</idno><idno type="pmid">26259689</idno><idno type="doi">10.1111/1471-0528.13509</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002274</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002274</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002248</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002248</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">A global reference for caesarean section rates (C-Model): a multicountry cross-sectional study.</title><author><name sortKey="Souza, J P" sort="Souza, J P" uniqKey="Souza J" first="J P" last="Souza">J P Souza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Betran, A P" sort="Betran, A P" uniqKey="Betran A" first="A P" last="Betran">A P Betran</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dumont, A" sort="Dumont, A" uniqKey="Dumont A" first="A" last="Dumont">A. Dumont</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute for Development, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 216, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute for Development, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 216, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Mucio, B" sort="De Mucio, B" uniqKey="De Mucio B" first="B" last="De Mucio">B. De Mucio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Latin American Center for Perinatology, Women and Reproductive Health, (CLAP/WR), WHO Regional Office for the Americas, Montevideo, Uruguay.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Uruguay</country><wicri:regionArea>Latin American Center for Perinatology, Women and Reproductive Health, (CLAP/WR), WHO Regional Office for the Americas, Montevideo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gibbs Pickens, C M" sort="Gibbs Pickens, C M" uniqKey="Gibbs Pickens C" first="C M" last="Gibbs Pickens">C M Gibbs Pickens</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deneux Tharaux, C" sort="Deneux Tharaux, C" uniqKey="Deneux Tharaux C" first="C" last="Deneux-Tharaux">C. Deneux-Tharaux</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Inserm U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paris Descartes University, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ortiz Panozo, E" sort="Ortiz Panozo, E" uniqKey="Ortiz Panozo E" first="E" last="Ortiz-Panozo">E. Ortiz-Panozo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sullivan, E" sort="Sullivan, E" uniqKey="Sullivan E" first="E" last="Sullivan">E. Sullivan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ota, E" sort="Ota, E" uniqKey="Ota E" first="E" last="Ota">E. Ota</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Togoobaatar, G" sort="Togoobaatar, G" uniqKey="Togoobaatar G" first="G" last="Togoobaatar">G. Togoobaatar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carroli, G" sort="Carroli, G" uniqKey="Carroli G" first="G" last="Carroli">G. Carroli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knight, H" sort="Knight, H" uniqKey="Knight H" first="H" last="Knight">H. Knight</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Office for Research and Clinical Audit, Lindsay Stewart R&D Centre, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Office for Research and Clinical Audit, Lindsay Stewart R&D Centre, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, J" sort="Zhang, J" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="J" last="Zhang">J. Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cecatti, J G" sort="Cecatti, J G" uniqKey="Cecatti J" first="J G" last="Cecatti">J G Cecatti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vogel, J P" sort="Vogel, J P" uniqKey="Vogel J" first="J P" last="Vogel">J P Vogel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jayaratne, K" sort="Jayaratne, K" uniqKey="Jayaratne K" first="K" last="Jayaratne">K. Jayaratne</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Sri Lanka</country><wicri:regionArea>Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Colombo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leal, M C" sort="Leal, M C" uniqKey="Leal M" first="M C" last="Leal">M C Leal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gissler, M" sort="Gissler, M" uniqKey="Gissler M" first="M" last="Gissler">M. Gissler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morisaki, N" sort="Morisaki, N" uniqKey="Morisaki N" first="N" last="Morisaki">N. Morisaki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lack, N" sort="Lack, N" uniqKey="Lack N" first="N" last="Lack">N. Lack</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Bayerische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Qualitätssicherung in der Stationären Versorgung (BAQ), Bayerische Krankenhausgesellschaft, Munich, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Bayerische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Qualitätssicherung in der Stationären Versorgung (BAQ), Bayerische Krankenhausgesellschaft, Munich</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oladapo, O T" sort="Oladapo, O T" uniqKey="Oladapo O" first="O T" last="Oladapo">O T Oladapo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuncalp, O" sort="Tuncalp, O" uniqKey="Tuncalp O" first="Ö" last="Tunçalp">Ö Tunçalp</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lumbiganon, P" sort="Lumbiganon, P" uniqKey="Lumbiganon P" first="P" last="Lumbiganon">P. Lumbiganon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mori, R" sort="Mori, R" uniqKey="Mori R" first="R" last="Mori">R. Mori</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quintana, S" sort="Quintana, S" uniqKey="Quintana S" first="S" last="Quintana">S. Quintana</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Costa Passos, A D" sort="Costa Passos, A D" uniqKey="Costa Passos A" first="A D" last="Costa Passos">A D Costa Passos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marcolin, A C" sort="Marcolin, A C" uniqKey="Marcolin A" first="A C" last="Marcolin">A C Marcolin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zongo, A" sort="Zongo, A" uniqKey="Zongo A" first="A" last="Zongo">A. Zongo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute for Development, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 216, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute for Development, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 216, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blondel, B" sort="Blondel, B" uniqKey="Blondel B" first="B" last="Blondel">B. Blondel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Inserm U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paris Descartes University, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez, B" sort="Hernandez, B" uniqKey="Hernandez B" first="B" last="Hernández">B. Hernández</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hogue, C J" sort="Hogue, C J" uniqKey="Hogue C" first="C J" last="Hogue">C J Hogue</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prunet, C" sort="Prunet, C" uniqKey="Prunet C" first="C" last="Prunet">C. Prunet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Inserm U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paris Descartes University, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Landman, C" sort="Landman, C" uniqKey="Landman C" first="C" last="Landman">C. Landman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ochir, C" sort="Ochir, C" uniqKey="Ochir C" first="C" last="Ochir">C. Ochir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Health Sciences University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mongolie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Health Sciences University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cuesta, C" sort="Cuesta, C" uniqKey="Cuesta C" first="C" last="Cuesta">C. Cuesta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pileggi Castro, C" sort="Pileggi Castro, C" uniqKey="Pileggi Castro C" first="C" last="Pileggi-Castro">C. Pileggi-Castro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>GLIDE Technical Cooperation and Research, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>GLIDE Technical Cooperation and Research, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, D" sort="Walker, D" uniqKey="Walker D" first="D" last="Walker">D. Walker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alves, D" sort="Alves, D" uniqKey="Alves D" first="D" last="Alves">D. Alves</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abalos, E" sort="Abalos, E" uniqKey="Abalos E" first="E" last="Abalos">E. Abalos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moises, Ecd" sort="Moises, Ecd" uniqKey="Moises E" first="Ecd" last="Moises">Ecd Moises</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vieira, E M" sort="Vieira, E M" uniqKey="Vieira E" first="E M" last="Vieira">E M Vieira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duarte, G" sort="Duarte, G" uniqKey="Duarte G" first="G" last="Duarte">G. Duarte</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perdona, G" sort="Perdona, G" uniqKey="Perdona G" first="G" last="Perdona">G. Perdona</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gurol Urganci, I" sort="Gurol Urganci, I" uniqKey="Gurol Urganci I" first="I" last="Gurol-Urganci">I. Gurol-Urganci</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Office for Research and Clinical Audit, Lindsay Stewart R&D Centre, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Office for Research and Clinical Audit, Lindsay Stewart R&D Centre, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takahiko, K" sort="Takahiko, K" uniqKey="Takahiko K" first="K" last="Takahiko">K. Takahiko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moscovici, L" sort="Moscovici, L" uniqKey="Moscovici L" first="L" last="Moscovici">L. Moscovici</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campodonico, L" sort="Campodonico, L" uniqKey="Campodonico L" first="L" last="Campodonico">L. Campodonico</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oliveira Ciabati, L" sort="Oliveira Ciabati, L" uniqKey="Oliveira Ciabati L" first="L" last="Oliveira-Ciabati">L. Oliveira-Ciabati</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laopaiboon, M" sort="Laopaiboon, M" uniqKey="Laopaiboon M" first="M" last="Laopaiboon">M. Laopaiboon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biostatistics and Demography, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biostatistics and Demography, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Danansuriya, M" sort="Danansuriya, M" uniqKey="Danansuriya M" first="M" last="Danansuriya">M. Danansuriya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Sri Lanka</country><wicri:regionArea>Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Colombo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakamura Pereira, M" sort="Nakamura Pereira, M" uniqKey="Nakamura Pereira M" first="M" last="Nakamura-Pereira">M. Nakamura-Pereira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Costa, M L" sort="Costa, M L" uniqKey="Costa M" first="M L" last="Costa">M L Costa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torloni, M R" sort="Torloni, M R" uniqKey="Torloni M" first="M R" last="Torloni">M R Torloni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kramer, M R" sort="Kramer, M R" uniqKey="Kramer M" first="M R" last="Kramer">M R Kramer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borges, P" sort="Borges, P" uniqKey="Borges P" first="P" last="Borges">P. Borges</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olkhanud, P B" sort="Olkhanud, P B" uniqKey="Olkhanud P" first="P B" last="Olkhanud">P B Olkhanud</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Health Sciences University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mongolie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Health Sciences University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perez Cuevas, R" sort="Perez Cuevas, R" uniqKey="Perez Cuevas R" first="R" last="Pérez-Cuevas">R. Pérez-Cuevas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Social Protection and Health Division, Inter-American Development Bank, Mexico City, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Social Protection and Health Division, Inter-American Development Bank, Mexico City</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agampodi, S B" sort="Agampodi, S B" uniqKey="Agampodi S" first="S B" last="Agampodi">S B Agampodi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Sri Lanka</country><wicri:regionArea>Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Colombo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mittal, S" sort="Mittal, S" uniqKey="Mittal S" first="S" last="Mittal">S. Mittal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Serruya, S" sort="Serruya, S" uniqKey="Serruya S" first="S" last="Serruya">S. Serruya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Latin American Center for Perinatology, Women and Reproductive Health, (CLAP/WR), WHO Regional Office for the Americas, Montevideo, Uruguay.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Uruguay</country><wicri:regionArea>Latin American Center for Perinatology, Women and Reproductive Health, (CLAP/WR), WHO Regional Office for the Americas, Montevideo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bataglia, V" sort="Bataglia, V" uniqKey="Bataglia V" first="V" last="Bataglia">V. Bataglia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hospital Nacional de Itauguá, Itauguá, Paraguay.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Paraguay</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Nacional de Itauguá, Itauguá</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Z" sort="Li, Z" uniqKey="Li Z" first="Z" last="Li">Z. Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Temmerman, M" sort="Temmerman, M" uniqKey="Temmerman M" first="M" last="Temmerman">M. Temmerman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gulmezoglu, A M" sort="Gulmezoglu, A M" uniqKey="Gulmezoglu A" first="A M" last="Gülmezoglu">A M Gülmezoglu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-0528</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Cesarean Section (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Internationality</term><term>Models, Statistical</term><term>Pregnancy</term><term>Reference Values</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Césarienne ()</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Grossesse</term><term>Humains</term><term>Internationalité</term><term>Modèles statistiques</term><term>Valeurs de référence</term><term>Études transversales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Cesarean Section</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Internationality</term><term>Models, Statistical</term><term>Pregnancy</term><term>Reference Values</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Césarienne</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Grossesse</term><term>Humains</term><term>Internationalité</term><term>Modèles statistiques</term><term>Valeurs de référence</term><term>Études transversales</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">To generate a global reference for caesarean section (CS) rates at health facilities.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26259689</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>26</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>02</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>22</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1471-0528</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>123</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Feb</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>BJOG</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>A global reference for caesarean section rates (C-Model): a multicountry cross-sectional study.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>427-36</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1111/1471-0528.13509</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">To generate a global reference for caesarean section (CS) rates at health facilities.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">Cross-sectional study.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="SETTING" NlmCategory="METHODS">Health facilities from 43 countries.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="POPULATION/SAMPLE" NlmCategory="METHODS">Thirty eight thousand three hundred and twenty-four women giving birth from 22 countries for model building and 10,045,875 women giving birth from 43 countries for model testing.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">We hypothesised that mathematical models could determine the relationship between clinical-obstetric characteristics and CS. These models generated probabilities of CS that could be compared with the observed CS rates. We devised a three-step approach to generate the global benchmark of CS rates at health facilities: creation of a multi-country reference population, building mathematical models, and testing these models.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES" NlmCategory="METHODS">Area under the ROC curves, diagnostic odds ratio, expected CS rate, observed CS rate.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">According to the different versions of the model, areas under the ROC curves suggested a good discriminatory capacity of C-Model, with summary estimates ranging from 0.832 to 0.844. The C-Model was able to generate expected CS rates adjusted for the case-mix of the obstetric population. We have also prepared an e-calculator to facilitate use of C-Model (www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/maternal_perinatal_health/c-model/en/).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">This article describes the development of a global reference for CS rates. Based on maternal characteristics, this tool was able to generate an individualised expected CS rate for health facilities or groups of health facilities. With C-Model, obstetric teams, health system managers, health facilities, health insurance companies, and governments can produce a customised reference CS rate for assessing use (and overuse) of CS.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="TWEETABLE ABSTRACT" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">The C-Model provides a customized benchmark for caesarean section rates in health facilities and systems.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2015 World Health Organization; licensed by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Souza</LastName><ForeName>J P</ForeName><Initials>JP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Betran</LastName><ForeName>A P</ForeName><Initials>AP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dumont</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Institute for Development, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 216, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Mucio</LastName><ForeName>B</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Latin American Center for Perinatology, Women and Reproductive Health, (CLAP/WR), WHO Regional Office for the Americas, Montevideo, Uruguay.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gibbs Pickens</LastName><ForeName>C M</ForeName><Initials>CM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Deneux-Tharaux</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Inserm U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ortiz-Panozo</LastName><ForeName>E</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sullivan</LastName><ForeName>E</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ota</LastName><ForeName>E</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Togoobaatar</LastName><ForeName>G</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carroli</LastName><ForeName>G</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario, Argentina.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Knight</LastName><ForeName>H</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Office for Research and Clinical Audit, Lindsay Stewart R&D Centre, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cecatti</LastName><ForeName>J G</ForeName><Initials>JG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vogel</LastName><ForeName>J P</ForeName><Initials>JP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jayaratne</LastName><ForeName>K</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Leal</LastName><ForeName>M C</ForeName><Initials>MC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gissler</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 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Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Quintana</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Costa Passos</LastName><ForeName>A D</ForeName><Initials>AD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marcolin</LastName><ForeName>A C</ForeName><Initials>AC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zongo</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Institute for Development, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 216, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Direction de la santé de la famille, Ministère de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Blondel</LastName><ForeName>B</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Inserm U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hernández</LastName><ForeName>B</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author 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USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alves</LastName><ForeName>D</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abalos</LastName><ForeName>E</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario, Argentina.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moises</LastName><ForeName>Ecd</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vieira</LastName><ForeName>E M</ForeName><Initials>EM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto 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ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Danansuriya</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nakamura-Pereira</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Costa</LastName><ForeName>M L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Torloni</LastName><ForeName>M R</ForeName><Initials>MR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo Federal University, São 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Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>001</GrantID><Agency>World Health Organization</Agency><Country>International</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>T32 HD052460</GrantID><Acronym>HD</Acronym><Agency>NICHD NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016448">Multicenter Study</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2015</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>10</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>BJOG</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>100935741</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1470-0328</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>AIM</CitationSubset><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>BJOG. 2016 Feb;123(3):437</RefSource><PMID Version="1">26412795</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Perinat Med. 2008;36(2):110-4</RefSource><PMID Version="1">18211257</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Crit Care. 2005 Feb;9(1):112-8</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15693993</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Lancet. 1985 Aug 24;2(8452):436-7</RefSource><PMID Version="1">2863457</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Intensive 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Version="1">24720614</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>BJOG. 2016 Feb;123(3):427-36</RefSource><PMID Version="1">26259689</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002585" MajorTopicYN="N">Cesarean Section</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="Y">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003430" MajorTopicYN="N">Cross-Sectional Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D038622" MajorTopicYN="N">Internationality</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015233" 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