Circular polarization in the optical afterglow of GRB 121024A.
Identifieur interne : 003806 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 003805; suivant : 003807Circular polarization in the optical afterglow of GRB 121024A.
Auteurs : K. Wiersema ; S. Covino ; K. Toma ; A J Van Der Horst ; K. Varela ; M. Min ; J. Greiner ; R L C. Starling ; N R Tanvir ; R A M J. Wijers ; S. Campana ; P A Curran ; Y. Fan ; J P U. Fynbo ; J. Gorosabel ; A. Gomboc ; D. Götz ; J. Hjorth ; Z P Jin ; S. Kobayashi ; C. Kouveliotou ; C. Mundell ; P T O'Brien ; E. Pian ; A. Rowlinson ; D M Russell ; R. Salvaterra ; S. Di Serego Alighieri ; G. Tagliaferri ; S D Vergani ; J. Elliott ; C. Fari A ; O E Hartoog ; R. Karjalainen ; S. Klose ; F. Knust ; A J Levan ; P. Schady ; V. Sudilovsky ; R. WillingaleSource :
- Nature [ 1476-4687 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are most probably powered by collimated relativistic outflows (jets) from accreting black holes at cosmological distances. Bright afterglows are produced when the outflow collides with the ambient medium. Afterglow polarization directly probes the magnetic properties of the jet when measured minutes after the burst, and it probes the geometric properties of the jet and the ambient medium when measured hours to days after the burst. High values of optical polarization detected minutes after the burst of GRB 120308A indicate the presence of large-scale ordered magnetic fields originating from the central engine (the power source of the GRB). Theoretical models predict low degrees of linear polarization and no circular polarization at late times, when the energy in the original ejecta is quickly transferred to the ambient medium and propagates farther into the medium as a blast wave. Here we report the detection of circularly polarized light in the afterglow of GRB 121024A, measured 0.15 days after the burst. We show that the circular polarization is intrinsic to the afterglow and unlikely to be produced by dust scattering or plasma propagation effects. A possible explanation is to invoke anisotropic (rather than the commonly assumed isotropic) electron pitch-angle distributions, and we suggest that new models are required to produce the complex microphysics of realistic shocks in relativistic jets.
DOI: 10.1038/nature13237
PubMed: 24776800
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:24776800Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Circular polarization in the optical afterglow of GRB 121024A.</title><author><name sortKey="Wiersema, K" sort="Wiersema, K" uniqKey="Wiersema K" first="K" last="Wiersema">K. Wiersema</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Covino, S" sort="Covino, S" uniqKey="Covino S" first="S" last="Covino">S. Covino</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory, via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toma, K" sort="Toma, K" uniqKey="Toma K" first="K" last="Toma">K. Toma</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan [2] Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan [3] Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Horst, A J" sort="Van Der Horst, A J" uniqKey="Van Der Horst A" first="A J" last="Van Der Horst">A J Van Der Horst</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Varela, K" sort="Varela, K" uniqKey="Varela K" first="K" last="Varela">K. Varela</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Min, M" sort="Min, M" uniqKey="Min M" first="M" last="Min">M. Min</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Greiner, J" sort="Greiner, J" uniqKey="Greiner J" first="J" last="Greiner">J. Greiner</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Starling, R L C" sort="Starling, R L C" uniqKey="Starling R" first="R L C" last="Starling">R L C. Starling</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanvir, N R" sort="Tanvir, N R" uniqKey="Tanvir N" first="N R" last="Tanvir">N R Tanvir</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wijers, R A M J" sort="Wijers, R A M J" uniqKey="Wijers R" first="R A M J" last="Wijers">R A M J. Wijers</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campana, S" sort="Campana, S" uniqKey="Campana S" first="S" last="Campana">S. Campana</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory, via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Curran, P A" sort="Curran, P A" uniqKey="Curran P" first="P A" last="Curran">P A Curran</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fan, Y" sort="Fan, Y" uniqKey="Fan Y" first="Y" last="Fan">Y. Fan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fynbo, J P U" sort="Fynbo, J P U" uniqKey="Fynbo J" first="J P U" last="Fynbo">J P U. Fynbo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gorosabel, J" sort="Gorosabel, J" uniqKey="Gorosabel J" first="J" last="Gorosabel">J. Gorosabel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>1] Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain [2] Unidad Asociada Grupo Ciencia Planetarias UPV/EHU-IAA/CSIC, Departamento de Física Aplicada I, ETS Ingeniería, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Alameda de Urquijo s/n, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain [3] Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda de Urquijo 36-5, E-48008 Bilbao, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gomboc, A" sort="Gomboc, A" uniqKey="Gomboc A" first="A" last="Gomboc">A. Gomboc</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gotz, D" sort="Gotz, D" uniqKey="Gotz D" first="D" last="Götz">D. Götz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>AIM (UMR 7158 CEA/DSM-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot) Irfu/Service d'Astrophysique, Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hjorth, J" sort="Hjorth, J" uniqKey="Hjorth J" first="J" last="Hjorth">J. Hjorth</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, Z P" sort="Jin, Z P" uniqKey="Jin Z" first="Z P" last="Jin">Z P Jin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kobayashi, S" sort="Kobayashi, S" uniqKey="Kobayashi S" first="S" last="Kobayashi">S. Kobayashi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Science Park, IC2 Building, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kouveliotou, C" sort="Kouveliotou, C" uniqKey="Kouveliotou C" first="C" last="Kouveliotou">C. Kouveliotou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Space Science Office, ZP12, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35812, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mundell, C" sort="Mundell, C" uniqKey="Mundell C" first="C" last="Mundell">C. Mundell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Science Park, IC2 Building, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Brien, P T" sort="O Brien, P T" uniqKey="O Brien P" first="P T" last="O'Brien">P T O'Brien</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pian, E" sort="Pian, E" uniqKey="Pian E" first="E" last="Pian">E. Pian</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>1] Scuola Normale Superiore, 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy [2] INAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rowlinson, A" sort="Rowlinson, A" uniqKey="Rowlinson A" first="A" last="Rowlinson">A. Rowlinson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Russell, D M" sort="Russell, D M" uniqKey="Russell D" first="D M" last="Russell">D M Russell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>1] Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain [2] Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain [3] New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salvaterra, R" sort="Salvaterra, R" uniqKey="Salvaterra R" first="R" last="Salvaterra">R. Salvaterra</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>INAF/IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Serego Alighieri, S" sort="Di Serego Alighieri, S" uniqKey="Di Serego Alighieri S" first="S" last="Di Serego Alighieri">S. Di Serego Alighieri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tagliaferri, G" sort="Tagliaferri, G" uniqKey="Tagliaferri G" first="G" last="Tagliaferri">G. Tagliaferri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory, via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vergani, S D" sort="Vergani, S D" uniqKey="Vergani S" first="S D" last="Vergani">S D Vergani</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory, via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elliott, J" sort="Elliott, J" uniqKey="Elliott J" first="J" last="Elliott">J. Elliott</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fari A, C" sort="Fari A, C" uniqKey="Fari A C" first="C" last="Fari A">C. Fari A</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado de Correos 321, E-38700 Santa Cruz de la Palma, Canary Islands, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartoog, O E" sort="Hartoog, O E" uniqKey="Hartoog O" first="O E" last="Hartoog">O E Hartoog</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karjalainen, R" sort="Karjalainen, R" uniqKey="Karjalainen R" first="R" last="Karjalainen">R. Karjalainen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado de Correos 321, E-38700 Santa Cruz de la Palma, Canary Islands, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klose, S" sort="Klose, S" uniqKey="Klose S" first="S" last="Klose">S. Klose</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knust, F" sort="Knust, F" uniqKey="Knust F" first="F" last="Knust">F. Knust</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levan, A J" sort="Levan, A J" uniqKey="Levan A" first="A J" last="Levan">A J Levan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schady, P" sort="Schady, P" uniqKey="Schady P" first="P" last="Schady">P. Schady</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sudilovsky, V" sort="Sudilovsky, V" uniqKey="Sudilovsky V" first="V" last="Sudilovsky">V. Sudilovsky</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willingale, R" sort="Willingale, R" uniqKey="Willingale R" first="R" last="Willingale">R. Willingale</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:24776800</idno><idno type="pmid">24776800</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/nature13237</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">003806</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">003806</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Circular polarization in the optical afterglow of GRB 121024A.</title><author><name sortKey="Wiersema, K" sort="Wiersema, K" uniqKey="Wiersema K" first="K" last="Wiersema">K. Wiersema</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Covino, S" sort="Covino, S" uniqKey="Covino S" first="S" last="Covino">S. Covino</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory, via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toma, K" sort="Toma, K" uniqKey="Toma K" first="K" last="Toma">K. Toma</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan [2] Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan [3] Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Horst, A J" sort="Van Der Horst, A J" uniqKey="Van Der Horst A" first="A J" last="Van Der Horst">A J Van Der Horst</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Varela, K" sort="Varela, K" uniqKey="Varela K" first="K" last="Varela">K. Varela</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Min, M" sort="Min, M" uniqKey="Min M" first="M" last="Min">M. Min</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Greiner, J" sort="Greiner, J" uniqKey="Greiner J" first="J" last="Greiner">J. Greiner</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Starling, R L C" sort="Starling, R L C" uniqKey="Starling R" first="R L C" last="Starling">R L C. Starling</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanvir, N R" sort="Tanvir, N R" uniqKey="Tanvir N" first="N R" last="Tanvir">N R Tanvir</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wijers, R A M J" sort="Wijers, R A M J" uniqKey="Wijers R" first="R A M J" last="Wijers">R A M J. Wijers</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campana, S" sort="Campana, S" uniqKey="Campana S" first="S" last="Campana">S. Campana</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory, via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Curran, P A" sort="Curran, P A" uniqKey="Curran P" first="P A" last="Curran">P A Curran</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fan, Y" sort="Fan, Y" uniqKey="Fan Y" first="Y" last="Fan">Y. Fan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fynbo, J P U" sort="Fynbo, J P U" uniqKey="Fynbo J" first="J P U" last="Fynbo">J P U. Fynbo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gorosabel, J" sort="Gorosabel, J" uniqKey="Gorosabel J" first="J" last="Gorosabel">J. Gorosabel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>1] Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain [2] Unidad Asociada Grupo Ciencia Planetarias UPV/EHU-IAA/CSIC, Departamento de Física Aplicada I, ETS Ingeniería, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Alameda de Urquijo s/n, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain [3] Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda de Urquijo 36-5, E-48008 Bilbao, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gomboc, A" sort="Gomboc, A" uniqKey="Gomboc A" first="A" last="Gomboc">A. Gomboc</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gotz, D" sort="Gotz, D" uniqKey="Gotz D" first="D" last="Götz">D. Götz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>AIM (UMR 7158 CEA/DSM-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot) Irfu/Service d'Astrophysique, Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hjorth, J" sort="Hjorth, J" uniqKey="Hjorth J" first="J" last="Hjorth">J. Hjorth</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, Z P" sort="Jin, Z P" uniqKey="Jin Z" first="Z P" last="Jin">Z P Jin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kobayashi, S" sort="Kobayashi, S" uniqKey="Kobayashi S" first="S" last="Kobayashi">S. Kobayashi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Science Park, IC2 Building, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kouveliotou, C" sort="Kouveliotou, C" uniqKey="Kouveliotou C" first="C" last="Kouveliotou">C. Kouveliotou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Space Science Office, ZP12, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35812, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mundell, C" sort="Mundell, C" uniqKey="Mundell C" first="C" last="Mundell">C. Mundell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Science Park, IC2 Building, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Brien, P T" sort="O Brien, P T" uniqKey="O Brien P" first="P T" last="O'Brien">P T O'Brien</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pian, E" sort="Pian, E" uniqKey="Pian E" first="E" last="Pian">E. Pian</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>1] Scuola Normale Superiore, 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy [2] INAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rowlinson, A" sort="Rowlinson, A" uniqKey="Rowlinson A" first="A" last="Rowlinson">A. Rowlinson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Russell, D M" sort="Russell, D M" uniqKey="Russell D" first="D M" last="Russell">D M Russell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>1] Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain [2] Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain [3] New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salvaterra, R" sort="Salvaterra, R" uniqKey="Salvaterra R" first="R" last="Salvaterra">R. Salvaterra</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>INAF/IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Serego Alighieri, S" sort="Di Serego Alighieri, S" uniqKey="Di Serego Alighieri S" first="S" last="Di Serego Alighieri">S. Di Serego Alighieri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tagliaferri, G" sort="Tagliaferri, G" uniqKey="Tagliaferri G" first="G" last="Tagliaferri">G. Tagliaferri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory, via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vergani, S D" sort="Vergani, S D" uniqKey="Vergani S" first="S D" last="Vergani">S D Vergani</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory, via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elliott, J" sort="Elliott, J" uniqKey="Elliott J" first="J" last="Elliott">J. Elliott</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fari A, C" sort="Fari A, C" uniqKey="Fari A C" first="C" last="Fari A">C. Fari A</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado de Correos 321, E-38700 Santa Cruz de la Palma, Canary Islands, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartoog, O E" sort="Hartoog, O E" uniqKey="Hartoog O" first="O E" last="Hartoog">O E Hartoog</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karjalainen, R" sort="Karjalainen, R" uniqKey="Karjalainen R" first="R" last="Karjalainen">R. Karjalainen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado de Correos 321, E-38700 Santa Cruz de la Palma, Canary Islands, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klose, S" sort="Klose, S" uniqKey="Klose S" first="S" last="Klose">S. Klose</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knust, F" sort="Knust, F" uniqKey="Knust F" first="F" last="Knust">F. Knust</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levan, A J" sort="Levan, A J" uniqKey="Levan A" first="A J" last="Levan">A J Levan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schady, P" sort="Schady, P" uniqKey="Schady P" first="P" last="Schady">P. Schady</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sudilovsky, V" sort="Sudilovsky, V" uniqKey="Sudilovsky V" first="V" last="Sudilovsky">V. Sudilovsky</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willingale, R" sort="Willingale, R" uniqKey="Willingale R" first="R" last="Willingale">R. Willingale</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature</title><idno type="eISSN">1476-4687</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are most probably powered by collimated relativistic outflows (jets) from accreting black holes at cosmological distances. Bright afterglows are produced when the outflow collides with the ambient medium. Afterglow polarization directly probes the magnetic properties of the jet when measured minutes after the burst, and it probes the geometric properties of the jet and the ambient medium when measured hours to days after the burst. High values of optical polarization detected minutes after the burst of GRB 120308A indicate the presence of large-scale ordered magnetic fields originating from the central engine (the power source of the GRB). Theoretical models predict low degrees of linear polarization and no circular polarization at late times, when the energy in the original ejecta is quickly transferred to the ambient medium and propagates farther into the medium as a blast wave. Here we report the detection of circularly polarized light in the afterglow of GRB 121024A, measured 0.15 days after the burst. We show that the circular polarization is intrinsic to the afterglow and unlikely to be produced by dust scattering or plasma propagation effects. A possible explanation is to invoke anisotropic (rather than the commonly assumed isotropic) electron pitch-angle distributions, and we suggest that new models are required to produce the complex microphysics of realistic shocks in relativistic jets.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">24776800</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2014</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>08</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2014</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>24</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1476-4687</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>509</Volume><Issue>7499</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>08</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Nature</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Nature</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Circular polarization in the optical afterglow of GRB 121024A.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>201-4</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/nature13237</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are most probably powered by collimated relativistic outflows (jets) from accreting black holes at cosmological distances. Bright afterglows are produced when the outflow collides with the ambient medium. Afterglow polarization directly probes the magnetic properties of the jet when measured minutes after the burst, and it probes the geometric properties of the jet and the ambient medium when measured hours to days after the burst. High values of optical polarization detected minutes after the burst of GRB 120308A indicate the presence of large-scale ordered magnetic fields originating from the central engine (the power source of the GRB). Theoretical models predict low degrees of linear polarization and no circular polarization at late times, when the energy in the original ejecta is quickly transferred to the ambient medium and propagates farther into the medium as a blast wave. Here we report the detection of circularly polarized light in the afterglow of GRB 121024A, measured 0.15 days after the burst. We show that the circular polarization is intrinsic to the afterglow and unlikely to be produced by dust scattering or plasma propagation effects. A possible explanation is to invoke anisotropic (rather than the commonly assumed isotropic) electron pitch-angle distributions, and we suggest that new models are required to produce the complex microphysics of realistic shocks in relativistic jets.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wiersema</LastName><ForeName>K</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Covino</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory, via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Toma</LastName><ForeName>K</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan [2] Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan [3] Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van der Horst</LastName><ForeName>A J</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Varela</LastName><ForeName>K</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Min</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Greiner</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Starling</LastName><ForeName>R L C</ForeName><Initials>RL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tanvir</LastName><ForeName>N R</ForeName><Initials>NR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wijers</LastName><ForeName>R A M J</ForeName><Initials>RA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Campana</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory, via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Curran</LastName><ForeName>P A</ForeName><Initials>PA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fan</LastName><ForeName>Y</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fynbo</LastName><ForeName>J P U</ForeName><Initials>JP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gorosabel</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain [2] Unidad Asociada Grupo Ciencia Planetarias UPV/EHU-IAA/CSIC, Departamento de Física Aplicada I, ETS Ingeniería, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Alameda de Urquijo s/n, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain [3] Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda de Urquijo 36-5, E-48008 Bilbao, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gomboc</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Götz</LastName><ForeName>D</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>AIM (UMR 7158 CEA/DSM-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot) Irfu/Service d'Astrophysique, Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hjorth</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jin</LastName><ForeName>Z P</ForeName><Initials>ZP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kobayashi</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Science Park, IC2 Building, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kouveliotou</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Space Science Office, ZP12, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35812, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mundell</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Science Park, IC2 Building, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>O'Brien</LastName><ForeName>P T</ForeName><Initials>PT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pian</LastName><ForeName>E</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Scuola Normale Superiore, 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy [2] INAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rowlinson</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Russell</LastName><ForeName>D M</ForeName><Initials>DM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain [2] Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain [3] New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Salvaterra</LastName><ForeName>R</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INAF/IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>di Serego Alighieri</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tagliaferri</LastName><ForeName>G</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory, via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vergani</LastName><ForeName>S D</ForeName><Initials>SD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory, via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Elliott</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fariña</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado de Correos 321, E-38700 Santa Cruz de la Palma, Canary Islands, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hartoog</LastName><ForeName>O E</ForeName><Initials>OE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karjalainen</LastName><ForeName>R</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado de Correos 321, E-38700 Santa Cruz de la Palma, Canary Islands, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Klose</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Knust</LastName><ForeName>F</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Levan</LastName><ForeName>A J</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schady</LastName><ForeName>P</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sudilovsky</LastName><ForeName>V</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Willingale</LastName><ForeName>R</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2014</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>30</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Nature</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0410462</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0028-0836</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nature. 2003 Nov 13;426(6963):157-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">14614499</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nature. 2013 Dec 5;504(7478):119-21</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24305162</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2013</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>21</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2014</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>04</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2014</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2014</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2014</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24776800</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">nature13237</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/nature13237</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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