Mitochondrial genetic diversity, selection and recombination in a canine transmissible cancer.
Identifieur interne : 001F20 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 001F19; suivant : 001F21Mitochondrial genetic diversity, selection and recombination in a canine transmissible cancer.
Auteurs : Andrea Strakova ; Máire Ní Leathlobhair ; Guo-Dong Wang ; Ting-Ting Yin ; Ilona Airikkala-Otter ; Janice L. Allen ; Karen M. Allum ; Leontine Bansse-Issa ; Jocelyn L. Bisson ; Artemio Castillo Domracheva ; Karina F. De Castro ; Anne M. Corrigan ; Hugh R. Cran ; Jane T. Crawford ; Stephen M. Cutter ; Laura Delgadillo Keenan ; Edward M. Donelan ; Ibikunle A. Faramade ; Erika Flores Reynoso ; Eleni Fotopoulou ; Skye N. Fruean ; Fanny Gallardo-Arrieta ; Olga Glebova ; Rodrigo F. H Felin Manrique ; Joaquim Jgp Henriques ; Natalia Ignatenko ; Debbie Koenig ; Marta Lanza-Perea ; Remo Lobetti ; Adriana M. Lopez Quintana ; Thibault Losfelt ; Gabriele Marino ; Inigo Martincorena ; Sim N Martínez Casta Eda ; Mayra F. Martínez-L Pez ; Michael Meyer ; Berna Nakanwagi ; Andrigo B. De Nardi ; Winifred Neunzig ; Sally J. Nixon ; Marsden M. Onsare ; Antonio Ortega-Pacheco ; Maria C. Peleteiro ; Ruth J. Pye ; John F. Reece ; Jose Rojas Gutierrez ; Haleema Sadia ; Sheila K. Schmeling ; Olga Shamanova ; Richard K. Ssuna ; Audrey E. Steenland-Smit ; Alla Svitich ; Ismail Thoya Ngoka ; Bogdan A. Vi Laru ; Anna P. De Vos ; Johan P. De Vos ; Oliver Walkinton ; David C. Wedge ; Alvaro S. Wehrle-Martinez ; Mirjam G. Van Der Wel ; Sophie Ae Widdowson ; Elizabeth P. MurchisonSource :
- eLife [ 2050-084X ] ; 2016.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , chemistry : DNA, Mitochondrial.
- chemical , genetics : DNA, Mitochondrial.
- genetics : Dog Diseases, Mitochondria, Venereal Tumors, Veterinary.
- Animals, Dogs, Genetic Variation, Recombination, Genetic, Selection, Genetic, Sequence Analysis, DNA.
Abstract
Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a clonally transmissible cancer that originated approximately 11,000 years ago and affects dogs worldwide. Despite the clonal origin of the CTVT nuclear genome, CTVT mitochondrial genomes (mtDNAs) have been acquired by periodic capture from transient hosts. We sequenced 449 complete mtDNAs from a global population of CTVTs, and show that mtDNA horizontal transfer has occurred at least five times, delineating five tumour clades whose distributions track two millennia of dog global migration. Negative selection has operated to prevent accumulation of deleterious mutations in captured mtDNA, and recombination has caused occasional mtDNA re-assortment. These findings implicate functional mtDNA as a driver of CTVT global metastatic spread, further highlighting the important role of mtDNA in cancer evolution.
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.14552
PubMed: 27185408
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:27185408Le document en format XML
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Allen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities, Darwin, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allum, Karen M" sort="Allum, Karen M" uniqKey="Allum K" first="Karen M" last="Allum">Karen M. Allum</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>World Vets, Fargo, United States.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bansse Issa, Leontine" sort="Bansse Issa, Leontine" uniqKey="Bansse Issa L" first="Leontine" last="Bansse-Issa">Leontine Bansse-Issa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Stichting Dierenbescherming Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bisson, Jocelyn L" sort="Bisson, Jocelyn L" uniqKey="Bisson J" first="Jocelyn L" last="Bisson">Jocelyn L. Bisson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castillo Domracheva, Artemio" sort="Castillo Domracheva, Artemio" uniqKey="Castillo Domracheva A" first="Artemio" last="Castillo Domracheva">Artemio Castillo Domracheva</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Corozal Veterinary Hospital, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Castro, Karina F" sort="De Castro, Karina F" uniqKey="De Castro K" first="Karina F" last="De Castro">Karina F. De Castro</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corrigan, Anne M" sort="Corrigan, Anne M" uniqKey="Corrigan A" first="Anne M" last="Corrigan">Anne M. Corrigan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cran, Hugh R" sort="Cran, Hugh R" uniqKey="Cran H" first="Hugh R" last="Cran">Hugh R. Cran</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Nakuru District Veterinary Scheme Ltd, Nakuru, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crawford, Jane T" sort="Crawford, Jane T" uniqKey="Crawford J" first="Jane T" last="Crawford">Jane T. Crawford</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Medical Centre, Belize City, Belize.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cutter, Stephen M" sort="Cutter, Stephen M" uniqKey="Cutter S" first="Stephen M" last="Cutter">Stephen M. Cutter</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities, Darwin, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delgadillo Keenan, Laura" sort="Delgadillo Keenan, Laura" uniqKey="Delgadillo Keenan L" first="Laura" last="Delgadillo Keenan">Laura Delgadillo Keenan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary clinic Sr. Dog's, Guadalajara, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Donelan, Edward M" sort="Donelan, Edward M" uniqKey="Donelan E" first="Edward M" last="Donelan">Edward M. Donelan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities, Darwin, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faramade, Ibikunle A" sort="Faramade, Ibikunle A" uniqKey="Faramade I" first="Ibikunle A" last="Faramade">Ibikunle A. Faramade</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flores Reynoso, Erika" sort="Flores Reynoso, Erika" uniqKey="Flores Reynoso E" first="Erika" last="Flores Reynoso">Erika Flores Reynoso</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Fund for Animal Welfare, Quintana Roo, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fotopoulou, Eleni" sort="Fotopoulou, Eleni" uniqKey="Fotopoulou E" first="Eleni" last="Fotopoulou">Eleni Fotopoulou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Intermunicipal Stray Animals Care Centre, Perama, Greece.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fruean, Skye N" sort="Fruean, Skye N" uniqKey="Fruean S" first="Skye N" last="Fruean">Skye N. Fruean</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Protection Society of Samoa, Apia, Samoa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallardo Arrieta, Fanny" sort="Gallardo Arrieta, Fanny" uniqKey="Gallardo Arrieta F" first="Fanny" last="Gallardo-Arrieta">Fanny Gallardo-Arrieta</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glebova, Olga" sort="Glebova, Olga" uniqKey="Glebova O" first="Olga" last="Glebova">Olga Glebova</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary clinic BIOCONTROL, Moscow, Russia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="H Felin Manrique, Rodrigo F" sort="H Felin Manrique, Rodrigo F" uniqKey="H Felin Manrique R" first="Rodrigo F" last="H Felin Manrique">Rodrigo F. H Felin Manrique</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary clinic El Roble, Santiago de Chile, Chile.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henriques, Joaquim Jgp" sort="Henriques, Joaquim Jgp" uniqKey="Henriques J" first="Joaquim Jgp" last="Henriques">Joaquim Jgp Henriques</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>OnevetGroup, Centro Veterinário Berna, Lisboa, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ignatenko, Natalia" sort="Ignatenko, Natalia" uniqKey="Ignatenko N" first="Natalia" last="Ignatenko">Natalia Ignatenko</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary clinic Zoovetservis, Kiev, Ukraine.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koenig, Debbie" sort="Koenig, Debbie" uniqKey="Koenig D" first="Debbie" last="Koenig">Debbie Koenig</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>World Vets, Fargo, United States.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lanza Perea, Marta" sort="Lanza Perea, Marta" uniqKey="Lanza Perea M" first="Marta" last="Lanza-Perea">Marta Lanza-Perea</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lobetti, Remo" sort="Lobetti, Remo" uniqKey="Lobetti R" first="Remo" last="Lobetti">Remo Lobetti</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Bryanston Veterinary Hospital, Bryanston, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez Quintana, Adriana M" sort="Lopez Quintana, Adriana M" uniqKey="Lopez Quintana A" first="Adriana M" last="Lopez Quintana">Adriana M. Lopez Quintana</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Clinic Lopez Quintana, Maldonado, Uruguay.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Losfelt, Thibault" sort="Losfelt, Thibault" uniqKey="Losfelt T" first="Thibault" last="Losfelt">Thibault Losfelt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Clinique Veterinaire de Grand Fond, Saint Gilles les Bains, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marino, Gabriele" sort="Marino, Gabriele" uniqKey="Marino G" first="Gabriele" last="Marino">Gabriele Marino</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martincorena, Inigo" sort="Martincorena, Inigo" uniqKey="Martincorena I" first="Inigo" last="Martincorena">Inigo Martincorena</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez Casta Eda, Sim N" sort="Martinez Casta Eda, Sim N" uniqKey="Martinez Casta Eda S" first="Sim N" last="Martínez Casta Eda">Sim N Martínez Casta Eda</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez L Pez, Mayra F" sort="Martinez L Pez, Mayra F" uniqKey="Martinez L Pez M" first="Mayra F" last="Martínez-L Pez">Mayra F. Martínez-L Pez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Michael" sort="Meyer, Michael" uniqKey="Meyer M" first="Michael" last="Meyer">Michael Meyer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Touray & Meyer Vet Clinic, Serrekunda, Gambia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakanwagi, Berna" sort="Nakanwagi, Berna" uniqKey="Nakanwagi B" first="Berna" last="Nakanwagi">Berna Nakanwagi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Kampala Veterinary Surgery, Kampala, Uganda.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Nardi, Andrigo B" sort="De Nardi, Andrigo B" uniqKey="De Nardi A" first="Andrigo B" last="De Nardi">Andrigo B. De Nardi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neunzig, Winifred" sort="Neunzig, Winifred" uniqKey="Neunzig W" first="Winifred" last="Neunzig">Winifred Neunzig</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>World Vets, Fargo, United States.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nixon, Sally J" sort="Nixon, Sally J" uniqKey="Nixon S" first="Sally J" last="Nixon">Sally J. Nixon</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Vets Beyond Borders, The Rocks, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Onsare, Marsden M" sort="Onsare, Marsden M" uniqKey="Onsare M" first="Marsden M" last="Onsare">Marsden M. Onsare</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Aniworld veterinary clinic, Kisumu, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ortega Pacheco, Antonio" sort="Ortega Pacheco, Antonio" uniqKey="Ortega Pacheco A" first="Antonio" last="Ortega-Pacheco">Antonio Ortega-Pacheco</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peleteiro, Maria C" sort="Peleteiro, Maria C" uniqKey="Peleteiro M" first="Maria C" last="Peleteiro">Maria C. Peleteiro</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pye, Ruth J" sort="Pye, Ruth J" uniqKey="Pye R" first="Ruth J" last="Pye">Ruth J. Pye</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Vets Beyond Borders, The Rocks, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reece, John F" sort="Reece, John F" uniqKey="Reece J" first="John F" last="Reece">John F. Reece</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Help in Suffering, Jaipur, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rojas Gutierrez, Jose" sort="Rojas Gutierrez, Jose" uniqKey="Rojas Gutierrez J" first="Jose" last="Rojas Gutierrez">Jose Rojas Gutierrez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary clinic Dr José Rojas, Los Andes, Chile.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sadia, Haleema" sort="Sadia, Haleema" uniqKey="Sadia H" first="Haleema" last="Sadia">Haleema Sadia</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmeling, Sheila K" sort="Schmeling, Sheila K" uniqKey="Schmeling S" first="Sheila K" last="Schmeling">Sheila K. Schmeling</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Corozal Veterinary Clinic, Corozal Town, Belize.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shamanova, Olga" sort="Shamanova, Olga" uniqKey="Shamanova O" first="Olga" last="Shamanova">Olga Shamanova</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary clinic Vetmaster, Ramenskoye, Russia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ssuna, Richard K" sort="Ssuna, Richard K" uniqKey="Ssuna R" first="Richard K" last="Ssuna">Richard K. Ssuna</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Lilongwe Society for Protection and Care of Animals, Lilongwe, Malawi.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steenland Smit, Audrey E" sort="Steenland Smit, Audrey E" uniqKey="Steenland Smit A" first="Audrey E" last="Steenland-Smit">Audrey E. Steenland-Smit</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Stichting Dierenbescherming Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Svitich, Alla" sort="Svitich, Alla" uniqKey="Svitich A" first="Alla" last="Svitich">Alla Svitich</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Hospital of Veterinary Medicine, Dniprodzerzhynsk, Ukraine.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thoya Ngoka, Ismail" sort="Thoya Ngoka, Ismail" uniqKey="Thoya Ngoka I" first="Ismail" last="Thoya Ngoka">Ismail Thoya Ngoka</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Kenya Society for Protection and Care of Animals, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vi Laru, Bogdan A" sort="Vi Laru, Bogdan A" uniqKey="Vi Laru B" first="Bogdan A" last="Vi Laru">Bogdan A. Vi Laru</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Vos, Anna P" sort="De Vos, Anna P" uniqKey="De Vos A" first="Anna P" last="De Vos">Anna P. De Vos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ladybrand Animal Clinic, Ladybrand, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Vos, Johan P" sort="De Vos, Johan P" uniqKey="De Vos J" first="Johan P" last="De Vos">Johan P. De Vos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Oncology Referral Centre De Ottenhorst, Terneuzen, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walkinton, Oliver" sort="Walkinton, Oliver" uniqKey="Walkinton O" first="Oliver" last="Walkinton">Oliver Walkinton</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Vets Beyond Borders, The Rocks, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wedge, David C" sort="Wedge, David C" uniqKey="Wedge D" first="David C" last="Wedge">David C. Wedge</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wehrle Martinez, Alvaro S" sort="Wehrle Martinez, Alvaro S" uniqKey="Wehrle Martinez A" first="Alvaro S" last="Wehrle-Martinez">Alvaro S. Wehrle-Martinez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Asuncion, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Wel, Mirjam G" sort="Van Der Wel, Mirjam G" uniqKey="Van Der Wel M" first="Mirjam G" last="Van Der Wel">Mirjam G. Van Der Wel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Anti Cruelty League, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Widdowson, Sophie Ae" sort="Widdowson, Sophie Ae" uniqKey="Widdowson S" first="Sophie Ae" last="Widdowson">Sophie Ae Widdowson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Lilongwe Society for Protection and Care of Animals, Lilongwe, Malawi.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murchison, Elizabeth P" sort="Murchison, Elizabeth P" uniqKey="Murchison E" first="Elizabeth P" last="Murchison">Elizabeth P. Murchison</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27185408</idno><idno type="pmid">27185408</idno><idno type="doi">10.7554/eLife.14552</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001F20</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001F20</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Mitochondrial genetic diversity, selection and recombination in a canine transmissible cancer.</title><author><name sortKey="Strakova, Andrea" sort="Strakova, Andrea" uniqKey="Strakova A" first="Andrea" last="Strakova">Andrea Strakova</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ni Leathlobhair, Maire" sort="Ni Leathlobhair, Maire" uniqKey="Ni Leathlobhair M" first="Máire" last="Ní Leathlobhair">Máire Ní Leathlobhair</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Guo Dong" sort="Wang, Guo Dong" uniqKey="Wang G" first="Guo-Dong" last="Wang">Guo-Dong Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yin, Ting Ting" sort="Yin, Ting Ting" uniqKey="Yin T" first="Ting-Ting" last="Yin">Ting-Ting Yin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Airikkala Otter, Ilona" sort="Airikkala Otter, Ilona" uniqKey="Airikkala Otter I" first="Ilona" last="Airikkala-Otter">Ilona Airikkala-Otter</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Training Center, Worldwide Veterinary Service, Aruvankadu, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allen, Janice L" sort="Allen, Janice L" uniqKey="Allen J" first="Janice L" last="Allen">Janice L. Allen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities, Darwin, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allum, Karen M" sort="Allum, Karen M" uniqKey="Allum K" first="Karen M" last="Allum">Karen M. Allum</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>World Vets, Fargo, United States.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bansse Issa, Leontine" sort="Bansse Issa, Leontine" uniqKey="Bansse Issa L" first="Leontine" last="Bansse-Issa">Leontine Bansse-Issa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Stichting Dierenbescherming Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bisson, Jocelyn L" sort="Bisson, Jocelyn L" uniqKey="Bisson J" first="Jocelyn L" last="Bisson">Jocelyn L. Bisson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castillo Domracheva, Artemio" sort="Castillo Domracheva, Artemio" uniqKey="Castillo Domracheva A" first="Artemio" last="Castillo Domracheva">Artemio Castillo Domracheva</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Corozal Veterinary Hospital, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Castro, Karina F" sort="De Castro, Karina F" uniqKey="De Castro K" first="Karina F" last="De Castro">Karina F. De Castro</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corrigan, Anne M" sort="Corrigan, Anne M" uniqKey="Corrigan A" first="Anne M" last="Corrigan">Anne M. Corrigan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cran, Hugh R" sort="Cran, Hugh R" uniqKey="Cran H" first="Hugh R" last="Cran">Hugh R. Cran</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Nakuru District Veterinary Scheme Ltd, Nakuru, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crawford, Jane T" sort="Crawford, Jane T" uniqKey="Crawford J" first="Jane T" last="Crawford">Jane T. Crawford</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Medical Centre, Belize City, Belize.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cutter, Stephen M" sort="Cutter, Stephen M" uniqKey="Cutter S" first="Stephen M" last="Cutter">Stephen M. Cutter</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities, Darwin, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delgadillo Keenan, Laura" sort="Delgadillo Keenan, Laura" uniqKey="Delgadillo Keenan L" first="Laura" last="Delgadillo Keenan">Laura Delgadillo Keenan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary clinic Sr. Dog's, Guadalajara, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Donelan, Edward M" sort="Donelan, Edward M" uniqKey="Donelan E" first="Edward M" last="Donelan">Edward M. Donelan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities, Darwin, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faramade, Ibikunle A" sort="Faramade, Ibikunle A" uniqKey="Faramade I" first="Ibikunle A" last="Faramade">Ibikunle A. Faramade</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flores Reynoso, Erika" sort="Flores Reynoso, Erika" uniqKey="Flores Reynoso E" first="Erika" last="Flores Reynoso">Erika Flores Reynoso</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Fund for Animal Welfare, Quintana Roo, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fotopoulou, Eleni" sort="Fotopoulou, Eleni" uniqKey="Fotopoulou E" first="Eleni" last="Fotopoulou">Eleni Fotopoulou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Intermunicipal Stray Animals Care Centre, Perama, Greece.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fruean, Skye N" sort="Fruean, Skye N" uniqKey="Fruean S" first="Skye N" last="Fruean">Skye N. Fruean</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Protection Society of Samoa, Apia, Samoa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallardo Arrieta, Fanny" sort="Gallardo Arrieta, Fanny" uniqKey="Gallardo Arrieta F" first="Fanny" last="Gallardo-Arrieta">Fanny Gallardo-Arrieta</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glebova, Olga" sort="Glebova, Olga" uniqKey="Glebova O" first="Olga" last="Glebova">Olga Glebova</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary clinic BIOCONTROL, Moscow, Russia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="H Felin Manrique, Rodrigo F" sort="H Felin Manrique, Rodrigo F" uniqKey="H Felin Manrique R" first="Rodrigo F" last="H Felin Manrique">Rodrigo F. H Felin Manrique</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary clinic El Roble, Santiago de Chile, Chile.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henriques, Joaquim Jgp" sort="Henriques, Joaquim Jgp" uniqKey="Henriques J" first="Joaquim Jgp" last="Henriques">Joaquim Jgp Henriques</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>OnevetGroup, Centro Veterinário Berna, Lisboa, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ignatenko, Natalia" sort="Ignatenko, Natalia" uniqKey="Ignatenko N" first="Natalia" last="Ignatenko">Natalia Ignatenko</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary clinic Zoovetservis, Kiev, Ukraine.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koenig, Debbie" sort="Koenig, Debbie" uniqKey="Koenig D" first="Debbie" last="Koenig">Debbie Koenig</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>World Vets, Fargo, United States.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lanza Perea, Marta" sort="Lanza Perea, Marta" uniqKey="Lanza Perea M" first="Marta" last="Lanza-Perea">Marta Lanza-Perea</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lobetti, Remo" sort="Lobetti, Remo" uniqKey="Lobetti R" first="Remo" last="Lobetti">Remo Lobetti</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Bryanston Veterinary Hospital, Bryanston, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez Quintana, Adriana M" sort="Lopez Quintana, Adriana M" uniqKey="Lopez Quintana A" first="Adriana M" last="Lopez Quintana">Adriana M. Lopez Quintana</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Clinic Lopez Quintana, Maldonado, Uruguay.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Losfelt, Thibault" sort="Losfelt, Thibault" uniqKey="Losfelt T" first="Thibault" last="Losfelt">Thibault Losfelt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Clinique Veterinaire de Grand Fond, Saint Gilles les Bains, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marino, Gabriele" sort="Marino, Gabriele" uniqKey="Marino G" first="Gabriele" last="Marino">Gabriele Marino</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martincorena, Inigo" sort="Martincorena, Inigo" uniqKey="Martincorena I" first="Inigo" last="Martincorena">Inigo Martincorena</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez Casta Eda, Sim N" sort="Martinez Casta Eda, Sim N" uniqKey="Martinez Casta Eda S" first="Sim N" last="Martínez Casta Eda">Sim N Martínez Casta Eda</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez L Pez, Mayra F" sort="Martinez L Pez, Mayra F" uniqKey="Martinez L Pez M" first="Mayra F" last="Martínez-L Pez">Mayra F. Martínez-L Pez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Michael" sort="Meyer, Michael" uniqKey="Meyer M" first="Michael" last="Meyer">Michael Meyer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Touray & Meyer Vet Clinic, Serrekunda, Gambia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakanwagi, Berna" sort="Nakanwagi, Berna" uniqKey="Nakanwagi B" first="Berna" last="Nakanwagi">Berna Nakanwagi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Kampala Veterinary Surgery, Kampala, Uganda.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Nardi, Andrigo B" sort="De Nardi, Andrigo B" uniqKey="De Nardi A" first="Andrigo B" last="De Nardi">Andrigo B. De Nardi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neunzig, Winifred" sort="Neunzig, Winifred" uniqKey="Neunzig W" first="Winifred" last="Neunzig">Winifred Neunzig</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>World Vets, Fargo, United States.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nixon, Sally J" sort="Nixon, Sally J" uniqKey="Nixon S" first="Sally J" last="Nixon">Sally J. Nixon</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Vets Beyond Borders, The Rocks, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Onsare, Marsden M" sort="Onsare, Marsden M" uniqKey="Onsare M" first="Marsden M" last="Onsare">Marsden M. Onsare</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Aniworld veterinary clinic, Kisumu, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ortega Pacheco, Antonio" sort="Ortega Pacheco, Antonio" uniqKey="Ortega Pacheco A" first="Antonio" last="Ortega-Pacheco">Antonio Ortega-Pacheco</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peleteiro, Maria C" sort="Peleteiro, Maria C" uniqKey="Peleteiro M" first="Maria C" last="Peleteiro">Maria C. Peleteiro</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pye, Ruth J" sort="Pye, Ruth J" uniqKey="Pye R" first="Ruth J" last="Pye">Ruth J. Pye</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Vets Beyond Borders, The Rocks, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reece, John F" sort="Reece, John F" uniqKey="Reece J" first="John F" last="Reece">John F. Reece</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Help in Suffering, Jaipur, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rojas Gutierrez, Jose" sort="Rojas Gutierrez, Jose" uniqKey="Rojas Gutierrez J" first="Jose" last="Rojas Gutierrez">Jose Rojas Gutierrez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary clinic Dr José Rojas, Los Andes, Chile.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sadia, Haleema" sort="Sadia, Haleema" uniqKey="Sadia H" first="Haleema" last="Sadia">Haleema Sadia</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmeling, Sheila K" sort="Schmeling, Sheila K" uniqKey="Schmeling S" first="Sheila K" last="Schmeling">Sheila K. Schmeling</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Corozal Veterinary Clinic, Corozal Town, Belize.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shamanova, Olga" sort="Shamanova, Olga" uniqKey="Shamanova O" first="Olga" last="Shamanova">Olga Shamanova</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary clinic Vetmaster, Ramenskoye, Russia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ssuna, Richard K" sort="Ssuna, Richard K" uniqKey="Ssuna R" first="Richard K" last="Ssuna">Richard K. Ssuna</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Lilongwe Society for Protection and Care of Animals, Lilongwe, Malawi.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steenland Smit, Audrey E" sort="Steenland Smit, Audrey E" uniqKey="Steenland Smit A" first="Audrey E" last="Steenland-Smit">Audrey E. Steenland-Smit</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Stichting Dierenbescherming Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Svitich, Alla" sort="Svitich, Alla" uniqKey="Svitich A" first="Alla" last="Svitich">Alla Svitich</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Hospital of Veterinary Medicine, Dniprodzerzhynsk, Ukraine.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thoya Ngoka, Ismail" sort="Thoya Ngoka, Ismail" uniqKey="Thoya Ngoka I" first="Ismail" last="Thoya Ngoka">Ismail Thoya Ngoka</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Kenya Society for Protection and Care of Animals, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vi Laru, Bogdan A" sort="Vi Laru, Bogdan A" uniqKey="Vi Laru B" first="Bogdan A" last="Vi Laru">Bogdan A. Vi Laru</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Vos, Anna P" sort="De Vos, Anna P" uniqKey="De Vos A" first="Anna P" last="De Vos">Anna P. De Vos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ladybrand Animal Clinic, Ladybrand, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Vos, Johan P" sort="De Vos, Johan P" uniqKey="De Vos J" first="Johan P" last="De Vos">Johan P. De Vos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Oncology Referral Centre De Ottenhorst, Terneuzen, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walkinton, Oliver" sort="Walkinton, Oliver" uniqKey="Walkinton O" first="Oliver" last="Walkinton">Oliver Walkinton</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Vets Beyond Borders, The Rocks, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wedge, David C" sort="Wedge, David C" uniqKey="Wedge D" first="David C" last="Wedge">David C. Wedge</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wehrle Martinez, Alvaro S" sort="Wehrle Martinez, Alvaro S" uniqKey="Wehrle Martinez A" first="Alvaro S" last="Wehrle-Martinez">Alvaro S. Wehrle-Martinez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Asuncion, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Wel, Mirjam G" sort="Van Der Wel, Mirjam G" uniqKey="Van Der Wel M" first="Mirjam G" last="Van Der Wel">Mirjam G. Van Der Wel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Anti Cruelty League, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Widdowson, Sophie Ae" sort="Widdowson, Sophie Ae" uniqKey="Widdowson S" first="Sophie Ae" last="Widdowson">Sophie Ae Widdowson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Lilongwe Society for Protection and Care of Animals, Lilongwe, Malawi.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murchison, Elizabeth P" sort="Murchison, Elizabeth P" uniqKey="Murchison E" first="Elizabeth P" last="Murchison">Elizabeth P. Murchison</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">eLife</title><idno type="eISSN">2050-084X</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>DNA, Mitochondrial (chemistry)</term><term>DNA, Mitochondrial (genetics)</term><term>Dog Diseases (genetics)</term><term>Dogs</term><term>Genetic Variation</term><term>Mitochondria (genetics)</term><term>Recombination, Genetic</term><term>Selection, Genetic</term><term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term><term>Venereal Tumors, Veterinary (genetics)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA, Mitochondrial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA, Mitochondrial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Dog Diseases</term><term>Mitochondria</term><term>Venereal Tumors, Veterinary</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Dogs</term><term>Genetic Variation</term><term>Recombination, Genetic</term><term>Selection, Genetic</term><term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a clonally transmissible cancer that originated approximately 11,000 years ago and affects dogs worldwide. Despite the clonal origin of the CTVT nuclear genome, CTVT mitochondrial genomes (mtDNAs) have been acquired by periodic capture from transient hosts. We sequenced 449 complete mtDNAs from a global population of CTVTs, and show that mtDNA horizontal transfer has occurred at least five times, delineating five tumour clades whose distributions track two millennia of dog global migration. Negative selection has operated to prevent accumulation of deleterious mutations in captured mtDNA, and recombination has caused occasional mtDNA re-assortment. These findings implicate functional mtDNA as a driver of CTVT global metastatic spread, further highlighting the important role of mtDNA in cancer evolution.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27185408</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>17</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2050-084X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>5</Volume><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>17</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>eLife</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Elife</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Mitochondrial genetic diversity, selection and recombination in a canine transmissible cancer.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.7554/eLife.14552</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">e14552</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a clonally transmissible cancer that originated approximately 11,000 years ago and affects dogs worldwide. Despite the clonal origin of the CTVT nuclear genome, CTVT mitochondrial genomes (mtDNAs) have been acquired by periodic capture from transient hosts. We sequenced 449 complete mtDNAs from a global population of CTVTs, and show that mtDNA horizontal transfer has occurred at least five times, delineating five tumour clades whose distributions track two millennia of dog global migration. Negative selection has operated to prevent accumulation of deleterious mutations in captured mtDNA, and recombination has caused occasional mtDNA re-assortment. These findings implicate functional mtDNA as a driver of CTVT global metastatic spread, further highlighting the important role of mtDNA in cancer evolution.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Strakova</LastName><ForeName>Andrea</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ní Leathlobhair</LastName><ForeName>Máire</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Guo-Dong</ForeName><Initials>GD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yin</LastName><ForeName>Ting-Ting</ForeName><Initials>TT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Airikkala-Otter</LastName><ForeName>Ilona</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Training Center, Worldwide Veterinary Service, Aruvankadu, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Allen</LastName><ForeName>Janice L</ForeName><Initials>JL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities, Darwin, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Allum</LastName><ForeName>Karen M</ForeName><Initials>KM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>World Vets, Fargo, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bansse-Issa</LastName><ForeName>Leontine</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Stichting Dierenbescherming Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bisson</LastName><ForeName>Jocelyn L</ForeName><Initials>JL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Castillo Domracheva</LastName><ForeName>Artemio</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Corozal Veterinary Hospital, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Castro</LastName><ForeName>Karina F</ForeName><Initials>KF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Corrigan</LastName><ForeName>Anne M</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cran</LastName><ForeName>Hugh R</ForeName><Initials>HR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Nakuru District Veterinary Scheme Ltd, Nakuru, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Crawford</LastName><ForeName>Jane T</ForeName><Initials>JT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Medical Centre, Belize City, Belize.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cutter</LastName><ForeName>Stephen M</ForeName><Initials>SM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities, Darwin, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Delgadillo Keenan</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinary clinic Sr. Dog's, Guadalajara, Mexico.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Donelan</LastName><ForeName>Edward M</ForeName><Initials>EM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities, Darwin, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Faramade</LastName><ForeName>Ibikunle A</ForeName><Initials>IA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Flores Reynoso</LastName><ForeName>Erika</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Fund for Animal Welfare, Quintana Roo, Mexico.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fotopoulou</LastName><ForeName>Eleni</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intermunicipal Stray Animals Care Centre, Perama, Greece.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fruean</LastName><ForeName>Skye N</ForeName><Initials>SN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Protection Society of Samoa, Apia, Samoa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gallardo-Arrieta</LastName><ForeName>Fanny</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Glebova</LastName><ForeName>Olga</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinary clinic BIOCONTROL, Moscow, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Häfelin Manrique</LastName><ForeName>Rodrigo F</ForeName><Initials>RF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinary clinic El Roble, Santiago de Chile, Chile.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Henriques</LastName><ForeName>Joaquim Jgp</ForeName><Initials>JJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>OnevetGroup, Centro Veterinário Berna, Lisboa, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ignatenko</LastName><ForeName>Natalia</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinary clinic Zoovetservis, Kiev, Ukraine.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koenig</LastName><ForeName>Debbie</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>World Vets, Fargo, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lanza-Perea</LastName><ForeName>Marta</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lobetti</LastName><ForeName>Remo</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Bryanston Veterinary Hospital, Bryanston, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lopez Quintana</LastName><ForeName>Adriana M</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinary Clinic Lopez Quintana, Maldonado, Uruguay.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Losfelt</LastName><ForeName>Thibault</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinique Veterinaire de Grand Fond, Saint Gilles les Bains, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marino</LastName><ForeName>Gabriele</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martincorena</LastName><ForeName>Inigo</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martínez Castañeda</LastName><ForeName>Simón</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martínez-López</LastName><ForeName>Mayra F</ForeName><Initials>MF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Meyer</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Touray & Meyer Vet Clinic, Serrekunda, Gambia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nakanwagi</LastName><ForeName>Berna</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Kampala Veterinary Surgery, Kampala, Uganda.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>De Nardi</LastName><ForeName>Andrigo B</ForeName><Initials>AB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Neunzig</LastName><ForeName>Winifred</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>World Vets, Fargo, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nixon</LastName><ForeName>Sally J</ForeName><Initials>SJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vets Beyond Borders, The Rocks, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Onsare</LastName><ForeName>Marsden M</ForeName><Initials>MM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Aniworld veterinary clinic, Kisumu, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ortega-Pacheco</LastName><ForeName>Antonio</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Mexico.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Peleteiro</LastName><ForeName>Maria C</ForeName><Initials>MC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pye</LastName><ForeName>Ruth J</ForeName><Initials>RJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vets Beyond Borders, The Rocks, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Reece</LastName><ForeName>John F</ForeName><Initials>JF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Help in Suffering, Jaipur, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rojas Gutierrez</LastName><ForeName>Jose</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinary clinic Dr José Rojas, Los Andes, Chile.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sadia</LastName><ForeName>Haleema</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schmeling</LastName><ForeName>Sheila K</ForeName><Initials>SK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Corozal Veterinary Clinic, Corozal Town, Belize.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shamanova</LastName><ForeName>Olga</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinary clinic Vetmaster, Ramenskoye, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ssuna</LastName><ForeName>Richard K</ForeName><Initials>RK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Lilongwe Society for Protection and Care of Animals, Lilongwe, Malawi.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Steenland-Smit</LastName><ForeName>Audrey E</ForeName><Initials>AE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Stichting Dierenbescherming Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Svitich</LastName><ForeName>Alla</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Hospital of Veterinary Medicine, Dniprodzerzhynsk, Ukraine.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thoya Ngoka</LastName><ForeName>Ismail</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Kenya Society for Protection and Care of Animals, Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vițălaru</LastName><ForeName>Bogdan A</ForeName><Initials>BA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Vos</LastName><ForeName>Anna P</ForeName><Initials>AP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ladybrand Animal Clinic, Ladybrand, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Vos</LastName><ForeName>Johan P</ForeName><Initials>JP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinary Oncology Referral Centre De Ottenhorst, Terneuzen, Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Walkinton</LastName><ForeName>Oliver</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vets Beyond Borders, The Rocks, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wedge</LastName><ForeName>David C</ForeName><Initials>DC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wehrle-Martinez</LastName><ForeName>Alvaro S</ForeName><Initials>AS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Asuncion, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van der Wel</LastName><ForeName>Mirjam G</ForeName><Initials>MG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Anti Cruelty League, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Widdowson</LastName><ForeName>Sophie Ae</ForeName><Initials>SA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Lilongwe Society for Protection and Care of Animals, Lilongwe, Malawi.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Murchison</LastName><ForeName>Elizabeth P</ForeName><Initials>EP</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7462-8907</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate 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UI="D017422" MajorTopicYN="N">Sequence Analysis, DNA</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014685" MajorTopicYN="N">Venereal Tumors, Veterinary</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherID Source="NLM">PMC4869914</OtherID><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Dog</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">cancer biology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">canine transmissible venereal tumour</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">evolutionary biology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">genomics</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">mitochondria</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">transmissible cancer</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2016</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>19</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2016</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>08</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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