Landscape of somatic mutations in 560 breast cancer whole-genome sequences.
Identifieur interne : 001D23 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 001D22; suivant : 001D24Landscape of somatic mutations in 560 breast cancer whole-genome sequences.
Auteurs : Serena Nik-Zainal ; Helen Davies ; Johan Staaf ; Manasa Ramakrishna ; Dominik Glodzik ; Xueqing Zou ; Inigo Martincorena ; Ludmil B. Alexandrov ; Sancha Martin ; David C. Wedge ; Peter Van Loo ; Young Seok Ju ; Marcel Smid ; Arie B. Brinkman ; Sandro Morganella ; Miriam R. Aure ; Ole Christian Lingj Rde ; Anita Langer D ; Markus Ringnér ; Sung-Min Ahn ; Sandrine Boyault ; Jane E. Brock ; Annegien Broeks ; Adam Butler ; Christine Desmedt ; Luc Dirix ; Serge Dronov ; Aquila Fatima ; John A. Foekens ; Moritz Gerstung ; Gerrit K J. Hooijer ; Se Jin Jang ; David R. Jones ; Hyung-Yong Kim ; Tari A. King ; Savitri Krishnamurthy ; Hee Jin Lee ; Jeong-Yeon Lee ; Yilong Li ; Stuart Mclaren ; Andrew Menzies ; Ville Mustonen ; Sarah O'Meara ; Iris Pauporté ; Xavier Pivot ; Colin A. Purdie ; Keiran Raine ; Kamna Ramakrishnan ; F Germán Rodríguez-González ; Gilles Romieu ; Anieta M. Sieuwerts ; Peter T. Simpson ; Rebecca Shepherd ; Lucy Stebbings ; Olafur A. Stefansson ; Jon Teague ; Stefania Tommasi ; Isabelle Treilleux ; Gert G. Van Den Eynden ; Peter Vermeulen ; Anne Vincent-Salomon ; Lucy Yates ; Carlos Caldas ; Laura Van'T Veer ; Andrew Tutt ; Stian Knappskog ; Benita Kiat Tee Tan ; Jos Jonkers ; Ke Borg ; Naoto T. Ueno ; Christos Sotiriou ; Alain Viari ; P Andrew Futreal ; Peter J. Campbell ; Paul N. Span ; Steven Van Laere ; Sunil R. Lakhani ; Jorunn E. Eyfjord ; Alastair M. Thompson ; Ewan Birney ; Hendrik G. Stunnenberg ; Marc J. Van De Vijver ; John W M. Martens ; Anne-Lise B Rresen-Dale ; Andrea L. Richardson ; Gu Kong ; Gilles Thomas ; Michael R. StrattonSource :
- Nature [ 1476-4687 ] ; 2016.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Breast Neoplasms (genetics), Cohort Studies, DNA Mutational Analysis, DNA Replication (genetics), DNA, Neoplasm (genetics), Female, Genes, BRCA1, Genes, BRCA2, Genome, Human (genetics), Genomics, Humans, Male, Mutagenesis, Mutation (genetics), Mutation Rate, Oncogenes (genetics), Recombinational DNA Repair (genetics).
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : DNA, Neoplasm.
- genetics : Breast Neoplasms, DNA Replication, Genome, Human, Mutation, Oncogenes, Recombinational DNA Repair.
- Cohort Studies, DNA Mutational Analysis, Female, Genes, BRCA1, Genes, BRCA2, Genomics, Humans, Male, Mutagenesis, Mutation Rate.
Abstract
We analysed whole-genome sequences of 560 breast cancers to advance understanding of the driver mutations conferring clonal advantage and the mutational processes generating somatic mutations. We found that 93 protein-coding cancer genes carried probable driver mutations. Some non-coding regions exhibited high mutation frequencies, but most have distinctive structural features probably causing elevated mutation rates and do not contain driver mutations. Mutational signature analysis was extended to genome rearrangements and revealed twelve base substitution and six rearrangement signatures. Three rearrangement signatures, characterized by tandem duplications or deletions, appear associated with defective homologous-recombination-based DNA repair: one with deficient BRCA1 function, another with deficient BRCA1 or BRCA2 function, the cause of the third is unknown. This analysis of all classes of somatic mutation across exons, introns and intergenic regions highlights the repertoire of cancer genes and mutational processes operating, and progresses towards a comprehensive account of the somatic genetic basis of breast cancer.
DOI: 10.1038/nature17676
PubMed: 27135926
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:27135926Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Landscape of somatic mutations in 560 breast cancer whole-genome sequences.</title><author><name sortKey="Nik Zainal, Serena" sort="Nik Zainal, Serena" uniqKey="Nik Zainal S" first="Serena" last="Nik-Zainal">Serena Nik-Zainal</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, Helen" sort="Davies, Helen" uniqKey="Davies H" first="Helen" last="Davies">Helen Davies</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Staaf, Johan" sort="Staaf, Johan" uniqKey="Staaf J" first="Johan" last="Staaf">Johan Staaf</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund SE-223 81, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramakrishna, Manasa" sort="Ramakrishna, Manasa" uniqKey="Ramakrishna M" first="Manasa" last="Ramakrishna">Manasa Ramakrishna</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glodzik, Dominik" sort="Glodzik, Dominik" uniqKey="Glodzik D" first="Dominik" last="Glodzik">Dominik Glodzik</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zou, Xueqing" sort="Zou, Xueqing" uniqKey="Zou X" first="Xueqing" last="Zou">Xueqing Zou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martincorena, Inigo" sort="Martincorena, Inigo" uniqKey="Martincorena I" first="Inigo" last="Martincorena">Inigo Martincorena</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alexandrov, Ludmil B" sort="Alexandrov, Ludmil B" uniqKey="Alexandrov L" first="Ludmil B" last="Alexandrov">Ludmil B. Alexandrov</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Sancha" sort="Martin, Sancha" uniqKey="Martin S" first="Sancha" last="Martin">Sancha Martin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wedge, David C" sort="Wedge, David C" uniqKey="Wedge D" first="David C" last="Wedge">David C. Wedge</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Loo, Peter" sort="Van Loo, Peter" uniqKey="Van Loo P" first="Peter" last="Van Loo">Peter Van Loo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ju, Young Seok" sort="Ju, Young Seok" uniqKey="Ju Y" first="Young Seok" last="Ju">Young Seok Ju</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smid, Marcel" sort="Smid, Marcel" uniqKey="Smid M" first="Marcel" last="Smid">Marcel Smid</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brinkman, Arie B" sort="Brinkman, Arie B" uniqKey="Brinkman A" first="Arie B" last="Brinkman">Arie B. Brinkman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morganella, Sandro" sort="Morganella, Sandro" uniqKey="Morganella S" first="Sandro" last="Morganella">Sandro Morganella</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aure, Miriam R" sort="Aure, Miriam R" uniqKey="Aure M" first="Miriam R" last="Aure">Miriam R. Aure</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo 0310, Norway.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lingj Rde, Ole Christian" sort="Lingj Rde, Ole Christian" uniqKey="Lingj Rde O" first="Ole Christian" last="Lingj Rde">Ole Christian Lingj Rde</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>K. G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0310, Norway.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langer D, Anita" sort="Langer D, Anita" uniqKey="Langer D A" first="Anita" last="Langer D">Anita Langer D</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo 0310, Norway.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ringner, Markus" sort="Ringner, Markus" uniqKey="Ringner M" first="Markus" last="Ringnér">Markus Ringnér</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund SE-223 81, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahn, Sung Min" sort="Ahn, Sung Min" uniqKey="Ahn S" first="Sung-Min" last="Ahn">Sung-Min Ahn</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boyault, Sandrine" sort="Boyault, Sandrine" uniqKey="Boyault S" first="Sandrine" last="Boyault">Sandrine Boyault</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Translational Research Lab, Centre Léon Bérard, 28, rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brock, Jane E" sort="Brock, Jane E" uniqKey="Brock J" first="Jane E" last="Brock">Jane E. Brock</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Broeks, Annegien" sort="Broeks, Annegien" uniqKey="Broeks A" first="Annegien" last="Broeks">Annegien Broeks</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Butler, Adam" sort="Butler, Adam" uniqKey="Butler A" first="Adam" last="Butler">Adam Butler</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Desmedt, Christine" sort="Desmedt, Christine" uniqKey="Desmedt C" first="Christine" last="Desmedt">Christine Desmedt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut Jules Bordet, Bd de Waterloo 121, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dirix, Luc" sort="Dirix, Luc" uniqKey="Dirix L" first="Luc" last="Dirix">Luc Dirix</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Translational Cancer Research Unit, Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dronov, Serge" sort="Dronov, Serge" uniqKey="Dronov S" first="Serge" last="Dronov">Serge Dronov</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fatima, Aquila" sort="Fatima, Aquila" uniqKey="Fatima A" first="Aquila" last="Fatima">Aquila Fatima</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foekens, John A" sort="Foekens, John A" uniqKey="Foekens J" first="John A" last="Foekens">John A. Foekens</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gerstung, Moritz" sort="Gerstung, Moritz" uniqKey="Gerstung M" first="Moritz" last="Gerstung">Moritz Gerstung</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hooijer, Gerrit K J" sort="Hooijer, Gerrit K J" uniqKey="Hooijer G" first="Gerrit K J" last="Hooijer">Gerrit K J. Hooijer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jang, Se Jin" sort="Jang, Se Jin" uniqKey="Jang S" first="Se Jin" last="Jang">Se Jin Jang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Ulsan, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, David R" sort="Jones, David R" uniqKey="Jones D" first="David R" last="Jones">David R. Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Hyung Yong" sort="Kim, Hyung Yong" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Hyung-Yong" last="Kim">Hyung-Yong Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="King, Tari A" sort="King, Tari A" uniqKey="King T" first="Tari A" last="King">Tari A. King</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krishnamurthy, Savitri" sort="Krishnamurthy, Savitri" uniqKey="Krishnamurthy S" first="Savitri" last="Krishnamurthy">Savitri Krishnamurthy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard., Houston, Texas 77030, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Hee Jin" sort="Lee, Hee Jin" uniqKey="Lee H" first="Hee Jin" last="Lee">Hee Jin Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Ulsan, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jeong Yeon" sort="Lee, Jeong Yeon" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jeong-Yeon" last="Lee">Jeong-Yeon Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Yilong" sort="Li, Yilong" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yilong" last="Li">Yilong Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mclaren, Stuart" sort="Mclaren, Stuart" uniqKey="Mclaren S" first="Stuart" last="Mclaren">Stuart Mclaren</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menzies, Andrew" sort="Menzies, Andrew" uniqKey="Menzies A" first="Andrew" last="Menzies">Andrew Menzies</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mustonen, Ville" sort="Mustonen, Ville" uniqKey="Mustonen V" first="Ville" last="Mustonen">Ville Mustonen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Meara, Sarah" sort="O Meara, Sarah" uniqKey="O Meara S" first="Sarah" last="O'Meara">Sarah O'Meara</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pauporte, Iris" sort="Pauporte, Iris" uniqKey="Pauporte I" first="Iris" last="Pauporté">Iris Pauporté</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut National du Cancer, Research Division, Clinical Research Department, 52 avenue Morizet, 92513 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pivot, Xavier" sort="Pivot, Xavier" uniqKey="Pivot X" first="Xavier" last="Pivot">Xavier Pivot</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University Hospital of Minjoz, INSERM UMR 1098, Bd Fleming, Besançon 25000, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Purdie, Colin A" sort="Purdie, Colin A" uniqKey="Purdie C" first="Colin A" last="Purdie">Colin A. Purdie</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Pathology Department, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raine, Keiran" sort="Raine, Keiran" uniqKey="Raine K" first="Keiran" last="Raine">Keiran Raine</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramakrishnan, Kamna" sort="Ramakrishnan, Kamna" uniqKey="Ramakrishnan K" first="Kamna" last="Ramakrishnan">Kamna Ramakrishnan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Gonzalez, F German" sort="Rodriguez Gonzalez, F German" uniqKey="Rodriguez Gonzalez F" first="F Germán" last="Rodríguez-González">F Germán Rodríguez-González</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romieu, Gilles" sort="Romieu, Gilles" uniqKey="Romieu G" first="Gilles" last="Romieu">Gilles Romieu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Oncologie Sénologie, ICM Institut Régional du Cancer, Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sieuwerts, Anieta M" sort="Sieuwerts, Anieta M" uniqKey="Sieuwerts A" first="Anieta M" last="Sieuwerts">Anieta M. Sieuwerts</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simpson, Peter T" sort="Simpson, Peter T" uniqKey="Simpson P" first="Peter T" last="Simpson">Peter T. Simpson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research and School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shepherd, Rebecca" sort="Shepherd, Rebecca" uniqKey="Shepherd R" first="Rebecca" last="Shepherd">Rebecca Shepherd</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stebbings, Lucy" sort="Stebbings, Lucy" uniqKey="Stebbings L" first="Lucy" last="Stebbings">Lucy Stebbings</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stefansson, Olafur A" sort="Stefansson, Olafur A" uniqKey="Stefansson O" first="Olafur A" last="Stefansson">Olafur A. Stefansson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teague, Jon" sort="Teague, Jon" uniqKey="Teague J" first="Jon" last="Teague">Jon Teague</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tommasi, Stefania" sort="Tommasi, Stefania" uniqKey="Tommasi S" first="Stefania" last="Tommasi">Stefania Tommasi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Treilleux, Isabelle" sort="Treilleux, Isabelle" uniqKey="Treilleux I" first="Isabelle" last="Treilleux">Isabelle Treilleux</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon Cédex 08, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Eynden, Gert G" sort="Van Den Eynden, Gert G" uniqKey="Van Den Eynden G" first="Gert G" last="Van Den Eynden">Gert G. Van Den Eynden</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Translational Cancer Research Unit, Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeulen, Peter" sort="Vermeulen, Peter" uniqKey="Vermeulen P" first="Peter" last="Vermeulen">Peter Vermeulen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Translational Cancer Research Unit, Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vincent Salomon, Anne" sort="Vincent Salomon, Anne" uniqKey="Vincent Salomon A" first="Anne" last="Vincent-Salomon">Anne Vincent-Salomon</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Curie, Paris Sciences Lettres University, Department of Pathology and INSERM U934, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yates, Lucy" sort="Yates, Lucy" uniqKey="Yates L" first="Lucy" last="Yates">Lucy Yates</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caldas, Carlos" sort="Caldas, Carlos" uniqKey="Caldas C" first="Carlos" last="Caldas">Carlos Caldas</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van T Veer, Laura" sort="Van T Veer, Laura" uniqKey="Van T Veer L" first="Laura" last="Van'T Veer">Laura Van'T Veer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tutt, Andrew" sort="Tutt, Andrew" uniqKey="Tutt A" first="Andrew" last="Tutt">Andrew Tutt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knappskog, Stian" sort="Knappskog, Stian" uniqKey="Knappskog S" first="Stian" last="Knappskog">Stian Knappskog</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Benita Kiat Tee" sort="Tan, Benita Kiat Tee" uniqKey="Tan B" first="Benita Kiat Tee" last="Tan">Benita Kiat Tee Tan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, 169610, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jonkers, Jos" sort="Jonkers, Jos" uniqKey="Jonkers J" first="Jos" last="Jonkers">Jos Jonkers</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borg, Ke" sort="Borg, Ke" uniqKey="Borg " first=" Ke" last="Borg"> Ke Borg</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund SE-223 81, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ueno, Naoto T" sort="Ueno, Naoto T" uniqKey="Ueno N" first="Naoto T" last="Ueno">Naoto T. Ueno</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard., Houston, Texas 77030, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sotiriou, Christos" sort="Sotiriou, Christos" uniqKey="Sotiriou C" first="Christos" last="Sotiriou">Christos Sotiriou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut Jules Bordet, Bd de Waterloo 121, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viari, Alain" sort="Viari, Alain" uniqKey="Viari A" first="Alain" last="Viari">Alain Viari</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Equipe Erable, INRIA Grenoble-Rhône-Alpes, 655, Avenue de l'Europe, 38330 Montbonnot-Saint Martin, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Futreal, P Andrew" sort="Futreal, P Andrew" uniqKey="Futreal P" first="P Andrew" last="Futreal">P Andrew Futreal</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Peter J" sort="Campbell, Peter J" uniqKey="Campbell P" first="Peter J" last="Campbell">Peter J. Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Span, Paul N" sort="Span, Paul N" uniqKey="Span P" first="Paul N" last="Span">Paul N. Span</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Laere, Steven" sort="Van Laere, Steven" uniqKey="Van Laere S" first="Steven" last="Van Laere">Steven Van Laere</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Translational Cancer Research Unit, Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lakhani, Sunil R" sort="Lakhani, Sunil R" uniqKey="Lakhani S" first="Sunil R" last="Lakhani">Sunil R. Lakhani</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research and School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eyfjord, Jorunn E" sort="Eyfjord, Jorunn E" uniqKey="Eyfjord J" first="Jorunn E" last="Eyfjord">Jorunn E. Eyfjord</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, Alastair M" sort="Thompson, Alastair M" uniqKey="Thompson A" first="Alastair M" last="Thompson">Alastair M. Thompson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Pathology Department, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Birney, Ewan" sort="Birney, Ewan" uniqKey="Birney E" first="Ewan" last="Birney">Ewan Birney</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stunnenberg, Hendrik G" sort="Stunnenberg, Hendrik G" uniqKey="Stunnenberg H" first="Hendrik G" last="Stunnenberg">Hendrik G. Stunnenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van De Vijver, Marc J" sort="Van De Vijver, Marc J" uniqKey="Van De Vijver M" first="Marc J" last="Van De Vijver">Marc J. Van De Vijver</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martens, John W M" sort="Martens, John W M" uniqKey="Martens J" first="John W M" last="Martens">John W M. Martens</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="B Rresen Dale, Anne Lise" sort="B Rresen Dale, Anne Lise" uniqKey="B Rresen Dale A" first="Anne-Lise" last="B Rresen-Dale">Anne-Lise B Rresen-Dale</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo 0310, Norway.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richardson, Andrea L" sort="Richardson, Andrea L" uniqKey="Richardson A" first="Andrea L" last="Richardson">Andrea L. Richardson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kong, Gu" sort="Kong, Gu" uniqKey="Kong G" first="Gu" last="Kong">Gu Kong</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Gilles" sort="Thomas, Gilles" uniqKey="Thomas G" first="Gilles" last="Thomas">Gilles Thomas</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Synergie Lyon Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, Lyon Cedex 08, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stratton, Michael R" sort="Stratton, Michael R" uniqKey="Stratton M" first="Michael R" last="Stratton">Michael R. Stratton</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27135926</idno><idno type="pmid">27135926</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/nature17676</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001D23</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001D23</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Landscape of somatic mutations in 560 breast cancer whole-genome sequences.</title><author><name sortKey="Nik Zainal, Serena" sort="Nik Zainal, Serena" uniqKey="Nik Zainal S" first="Serena" last="Nik-Zainal">Serena Nik-Zainal</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, Helen" sort="Davies, Helen" uniqKey="Davies H" first="Helen" last="Davies">Helen Davies</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Staaf, Johan" sort="Staaf, Johan" uniqKey="Staaf J" first="Johan" last="Staaf">Johan Staaf</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund SE-223 81, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramakrishna, Manasa" sort="Ramakrishna, Manasa" uniqKey="Ramakrishna M" first="Manasa" last="Ramakrishna">Manasa Ramakrishna</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glodzik, Dominik" sort="Glodzik, Dominik" uniqKey="Glodzik D" first="Dominik" last="Glodzik">Dominik Glodzik</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zou, Xueqing" sort="Zou, Xueqing" uniqKey="Zou X" first="Xueqing" last="Zou">Xueqing Zou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martincorena, Inigo" sort="Martincorena, Inigo" uniqKey="Martincorena I" first="Inigo" last="Martincorena">Inigo Martincorena</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alexandrov, Ludmil B" sort="Alexandrov, Ludmil B" uniqKey="Alexandrov L" first="Ludmil B" last="Alexandrov">Ludmil B. Alexandrov</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Sancha" sort="Martin, Sancha" uniqKey="Martin S" first="Sancha" last="Martin">Sancha Martin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wedge, David C" sort="Wedge, David C" uniqKey="Wedge D" first="David C" last="Wedge">David C. Wedge</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Loo, Peter" sort="Van Loo, Peter" uniqKey="Van Loo P" first="Peter" last="Van Loo">Peter Van Loo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ju, Young Seok" sort="Ju, Young Seok" uniqKey="Ju Y" first="Young Seok" last="Ju">Young Seok Ju</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smid, Marcel" sort="Smid, Marcel" uniqKey="Smid M" first="Marcel" last="Smid">Marcel Smid</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brinkman, Arie B" sort="Brinkman, Arie B" uniqKey="Brinkman A" first="Arie B" last="Brinkman">Arie B. Brinkman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morganella, Sandro" sort="Morganella, Sandro" uniqKey="Morganella S" first="Sandro" last="Morganella">Sandro Morganella</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aure, Miriam R" sort="Aure, Miriam R" uniqKey="Aure M" first="Miriam R" last="Aure">Miriam R. Aure</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo 0310, Norway.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lingj Rde, Ole Christian" sort="Lingj Rde, Ole Christian" uniqKey="Lingj Rde O" first="Ole Christian" last="Lingj Rde">Ole Christian Lingj Rde</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>K. G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0310, Norway.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langer D, Anita" sort="Langer D, Anita" uniqKey="Langer D A" first="Anita" last="Langer D">Anita Langer D</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo 0310, Norway.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ringner, Markus" sort="Ringner, Markus" uniqKey="Ringner M" first="Markus" last="Ringnér">Markus Ringnér</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund SE-223 81, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahn, Sung Min" sort="Ahn, Sung Min" uniqKey="Ahn S" first="Sung-Min" last="Ahn">Sung-Min Ahn</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boyault, Sandrine" sort="Boyault, Sandrine" uniqKey="Boyault S" first="Sandrine" last="Boyault">Sandrine Boyault</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Translational Research Lab, Centre Léon Bérard, 28, rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brock, Jane E" sort="Brock, Jane E" uniqKey="Brock J" first="Jane E" last="Brock">Jane E. Brock</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Broeks, Annegien" sort="Broeks, Annegien" uniqKey="Broeks A" first="Annegien" last="Broeks">Annegien Broeks</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Butler, Adam" sort="Butler, Adam" uniqKey="Butler A" first="Adam" last="Butler">Adam Butler</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Desmedt, Christine" sort="Desmedt, Christine" uniqKey="Desmedt C" first="Christine" last="Desmedt">Christine Desmedt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut Jules Bordet, Bd de Waterloo 121, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dirix, Luc" sort="Dirix, Luc" uniqKey="Dirix L" first="Luc" last="Dirix">Luc Dirix</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Translational Cancer Research Unit, Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dronov, Serge" sort="Dronov, Serge" uniqKey="Dronov S" first="Serge" last="Dronov">Serge Dronov</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fatima, Aquila" sort="Fatima, Aquila" uniqKey="Fatima A" first="Aquila" last="Fatima">Aquila Fatima</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foekens, John A" sort="Foekens, John A" uniqKey="Foekens J" first="John A" last="Foekens">John A. Foekens</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gerstung, Moritz" sort="Gerstung, Moritz" uniqKey="Gerstung M" first="Moritz" last="Gerstung">Moritz Gerstung</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hooijer, Gerrit K J" sort="Hooijer, Gerrit K J" uniqKey="Hooijer G" first="Gerrit K J" last="Hooijer">Gerrit K J. Hooijer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jang, Se Jin" sort="Jang, Se Jin" uniqKey="Jang S" first="Se Jin" last="Jang">Se Jin Jang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Ulsan, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, David R" sort="Jones, David R" uniqKey="Jones D" first="David R" last="Jones">David R. Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Hyung Yong" sort="Kim, Hyung Yong" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Hyung-Yong" last="Kim">Hyung-Yong Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="King, Tari A" sort="King, Tari A" uniqKey="King T" first="Tari A" last="King">Tari A. King</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krishnamurthy, Savitri" sort="Krishnamurthy, Savitri" uniqKey="Krishnamurthy S" first="Savitri" last="Krishnamurthy">Savitri Krishnamurthy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard., Houston, Texas 77030, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Hee Jin" sort="Lee, Hee Jin" uniqKey="Lee H" first="Hee Jin" last="Lee">Hee Jin Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Ulsan, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jeong Yeon" sort="Lee, Jeong Yeon" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jeong-Yeon" last="Lee">Jeong-Yeon Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Yilong" sort="Li, Yilong" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yilong" last="Li">Yilong Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mclaren, Stuart" sort="Mclaren, Stuart" uniqKey="Mclaren S" first="Stuart" last="Mclaren">Stuart Mclaren</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menzies, Andrew" sort="Menzies, Andrew" uniqKey="Menzies A" first="Andrew" last="Menzies">Andrew Menzies</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mustonen, Ville" sort="Mustonen, Ville" uniqKey="Mustonen V" first="Ville" last="Mustonen">Ville Mustonen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Meara, Sarah" sort="O Meara, Sarah" uniqKey="O Meara S" first="Sarah" last="O'Meara">Sarah O'Meara</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pauporte, Iris" sort="Pauporte, Iris" uniqKey="Pauporte I" first="Iris" last="Pauporté">Iris Pauporté</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut National du Cancer, Research Division, Clinical Research Department, 52 avenue Morizet, 92513 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pivot, Xavier" sort="Pivot, Xavier" uniqKey="Pivot X" first="Xavier" last="Pivot">Xavier Pivot</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University Hospital of Minjoz, INSERM UMR 1098, Bd Fleming, Besançon 25000, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Purdie, Colin A" sort="Purdie, Colin A" uniqKey="Purdie C" first="Colin A" last="Purdie">Colin A. Purdie</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Pathology Department, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raine, Keiran" sort="Raine, Keiran" uniqKey="Raine K" first="Keiran" last="Raine">Keiran Raine</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramakrishnan, Kamna" sort="Ramakrishnan, Kamna" uniqKey="Ramakrishnan K" first="Kamna" last="Ramakrishnan">Kamna Ramakrishnan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Gonzalez, F German" sort="Rodriguez Gonzalez, F German" uniqKey="Rodriguez Gonzalez F" first="F Germán" last="Rodríguez-González">F Germán Rodríguez-González</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romieu, Gilles" sort="Romieu, Gilles" uniqKey="Romieu G" first="Gilles" last="Romieu">Gilles Romieu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Oncologie Sénologie, ICM Institut Régional du Cancer, Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sieuwerts, Anieta M" sort="Sieuwerts, Anieta M" uniqKey="Sieuwerts A" first="Anieta M" last="Sieuwerts">Anieta M. Sieuwerts</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simpson, Peter T" sort="Simpson, Peter T" uniqKey="Simpson P" first="Peter T" last="Simpson">Peter T. Simpson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research and School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shepherd, Rebecca" sort="Shepherd, Rebecca" uniqKey="Shepherd R" first="Rebecca" last="Shepherd">Rebecca Shepherd</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stebbings, Lucy" sort="Stebbings, Lucy" uniqKey="Stebbings L" first="Lucy" last="Stebbings">Lucy Stebbings</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stefansson, Olafur A" sort="Stefansson, Olafur A" uniqKey="Stefansson O" first="Olafur A" last="Stefansson">Olafur A. Stefansson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teague, Jon" sort="Teague, Jon" uniqKey="Teague J" first="Jon" last="Teague">Jon Teague</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tommasi, Stefania" sort="Tommasi, Stefania" uniqKey="Tommasi S" first="Stefania" last="Tommasi">Stefania Tommasi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Treilleux, Isabelle" sort="Treilleux, Isabelle" uniqKey="Treilleux I" first="Isabelle" last="Treilleux">Isabelle Treilleux</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon Cédex 08, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Eynden, Gert G" sort="Van Den Eynden, Gert G" uniqKey="Van Den Eynden G" first="Gert G" last="Van Den Eynden">Gert G. Van Den Eynden</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Translational Cancer Research Unit, Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeulen, Peter" sort="Vermeulen, Peter" uniqKey="Vermeulen P" first="Peter" last="Vermeulen">Peter Vermeulen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Translational Cancer Research Unit, Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vincent Salomon, Anne" sort="Vincent Salomon, Anne" uniqKey="Vincent Salomon A" first="Anne" last="Vincent-Salomon">Anne Vincent-Salomon</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Curie, Paris Sciences Lettres University, Department of Pathology and INSERM U934, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yates, Lucy" sort="Yates, Lucy" uniqKey="Yates L" first="Lucy" last="Yates">Lucy Yates</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caldas, Carlos" sort="Caldas, Carlos" uniqKey="Caldas C" first="Carlos" last="Caldas">Carlos Caldas</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van T Veer, Laura" sort="Van T Veer, Laura" uniqKey="Van T Veer L" first="Laura" last="Van'T Veer">Laura Van'T Veer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tutt, Andrew" sort="Tutt, Andrew" uniqKey="Tutt A" first="Andrew" last="Tutt">Andrew Tutt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knappskog, Stian" sort="Knappskog, Stian" uniqKey="Knappskog S" first="Stian" last="Knappskog">Stian Knappskog</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Benita Kiat Tee" sort="Tan, Benita Kiat Tee" uniqKey="Tan B" first="Benita Kiat Tee" last="Tan">Benita Kiat Tee Tan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, 169610, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jonkers, Jos" sort="Jonkers, Jos" uniqKey="Jonkers J" first="Jos" last="Jonkers">Jos Jonkers</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borg, Ke" sort="Borg, Ke" uniqKey="Borg " first=" Ke" last="Borg"> Ke Borg</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund SE-223 81, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ueno, Naoto T" sort="Ueno, Naoto T" uniqKey="Ueno N" first="Naoto T" last="Ueno">Naoto T. Ueno</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard., Houston, Texas 77030, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sotiriou, Christos" sort="Sotiriou, Christos" uniqKey="Sotiriou C" first="Christos" last="Sotiriou">Christos Sotiriou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut Jules Bordet, Bd de Waterloo 121, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viari, Alain" sort="Viari, Alain" uniqKey="Viari A" first="Alain" last="Viari">Alain Viari</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Equipe Erable, INRIA Grenoble-Rhône-Alpes, 655, Avenue de l'Europe, 38330 Montbonnot-Saint Martin, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Futreal, P Andrew" sort="Futreal, P Andrew" uniqKey="Futreal P" first="P Andrew" last="Futreal">P Andrew Futreal</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Peter J" sort="Campbell, Peter J" uniqKey="Campbell P" first="Peter J" last="Campbell">Peter J. Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Span, Paul N" sort="Span, Paul N" uniqKey="Span P" first="Paul N" last="Span">Paul N. Span</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Laere, Steven" sort="Van Laere, Steven" uniqKey="Van Laere S" first="Steven" last="Van Laere">Steven Van Laere</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Translational Cancer Research Unit, Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lakhani, Sunil R" sort="Lakhani, Sunil R" uniqKey="Lakhani S" first="Sunil R" last="Lakhani">Sunil R. Lakhani</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research and School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eyfjord, Jorunn E" sort="Eyfjord, Jorunn E" uniqKey="Eyfjord J" first="Jorunn E" last="Eyfjord">Jorunn E. Eyfjord</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, Alastair M" sort="Thompson, Alastair M" uniqKey="Thompson A" first="Alastair M" last="Thompson">Alastair M. Thompson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Pathology Department, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Birney, Ewan" sort="Birney, Ewan" uniqKey="Birney E" first="Ewan" last="Birney">Ewan Birney</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stunnenberg, Hendrik G" sort="Stunnenberg, Hendrik G" uniqKey="Stunnenberg H" first="Hendrik G" last="Stunnenberg">Hendrik G. Stunnenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van De Vijver, Marc J" sort="Van De Vijver, Marc J" uniqKey="Van De Vijver M" first="Marc J" last="Van De Vijver">Marc J. Van De Vijver</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martens, John W M" sort="Martens, John W M" uniqKey="Martens J" first="John W M" last="Martens">John W M. Martens</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="B Rresen Dale, Anne Lise" sort="B Rresen Dale, Anne Lise" uniqKey="B Rresen Dale A" first="Anne-Lise" last="B Rresen-Dale">Anne-Lise B Rresen-Dale</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo 0310, Norway.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richardson, Andrea L" sort="Richardson, Andrea L" uniqKey="Richardson A" first="Andrea L" last="Richardson">Andrea L. Richardson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kong, Gu" sort="Kong, Gu" uniqKey="Kong G" first="Gu" last="Kong">Gu Kong</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Gilles" sort="Thomas, Gilles" uniqKey="Thomas G" first="Gilles" last="Thomas">Gilles Thomas</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Synergie Lyon Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, Lyon Cedex 08, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stratton, Michael R" sort="Stratton, Michael R" uniqKey="Stratton M" first="Michael R" last="Stratton">Michael R. Stratton</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature</title><idno type="eISSN">1476-4687</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Breast Neoplasms (genetics)</term><term>Cohort Studies</term><term>DNA Mutational Analysis</term><term>DNA Replication (genetics)</term><term>DNA, Neoplasm (genetics)</term><term>Female</term><term>Genes, BRCA1</term><term>Genes, BRCA2</term><term>Genome, Human (genetics)</term><term>Genomics</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Mutagenesis</term><term>Mutation (genetics)</term><term>Mutation Rate</term><term>Oncogenes (genetics)</term><term>Recombinational DNA Repair (genetics)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA, Neoplasm</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Breast Neoplasms</term><term>DNA Replication</term><term>Genome, Human</term><term>Mutation</term><term>Oncogenes</term><term>Recombinational DNA Repair</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Cohort Studies</term><term>DNA Mutational Analysis</term><term>Female</term><term>Genes, BRCA1</term><term>Genes, BRCA2</term><term>Genomics</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Mutagenesis</term><term>Mutation Rate</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We analysed whole-genome sequences of 560 breast cancers to advance understanding of the driver mutations conferring clonal advantage and the mutational processes generating somatic mutations. We found that 93 protein-coding cancer genes carried probable driver mutations. Some non-coding regions exhibited high mutation frequencies, but most have distinctive structural features probably causing elevated mutation rates and do not contain driver mutations. Mutational signature analysis was extended to genome rearrangements and revealed twelve base substitution and six rearrangement signatures. Three rearrangement signatures, characterized by tandem duplications or deletions, appear associated with defective homologous-recombination-based DNA repair: one with deficient BRCA1 function, another with deficient BRCA1 or BRCA2 function, the cause of the third is unknown. This analysis of all classes of somatic mutation across exons, introns and intergenic regions highlights the repertoire of cancer genes and mutational processes operating, and progresses towards a comprehensive account of the somatic genetic basis of breast cancer.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27135926</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>02</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>28</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1476-4687</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>534</Volume><Issue>7605</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>02</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Nature</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Nature</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Landscape of somatic mutations in 560 breast cancer whole-genome sequences.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>47-54</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/nature17676</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>We analysed whole-genome sequences of 560 breast cancers to advance understanding of the driver mutations conferring clonal advantage and the mutational processes generating somatic mutations. We found that 93 protein-coding cancer genes carried probable driver mutations. Some non-coding regions exhibited high mutation frequencies, but most have distinctive structural features probably causing elevated mutation rates and do not contain driver mutations. Mutational signature analysis was extended to genome rearrangements and revealed twelve base substitution and six rearrangement signatures. Three rearrangement signatures, characterized by tandem duplications or deletions, appear associated with defective homologous-recombination-based DNA repair: one with deficient BRCA1 function, another with deficient BRCA1 or BRCA2 function, the cause of the third is unknown. This analysis of all classes of somatic mutation across exons, introns and intergenic regions highlights the repertoire of cancer genes and mutational processes operating, and progresses towards a comprehensive account of the somatic genetic basis of breast cancer.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nik-Zainal</LastName><ForeName>Serena</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 9NB, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Davies</LastName><ForeName>Helen</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Staaf</LastName><ForeName>Johan</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund SE-223 81, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ramakrishna</LastName><ForeName>Manasa</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Glodzik</LastName><ForeName>Dominik</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zou</LastName><ForeName>Xueqing</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martincorena</LastName><ForeName>Inigo</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alexandrov</LastName><ForeName>Ludmil B</ForeName><Initials>LB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Theoretical Biology and Biophysics (T-6), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, New Mexico, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martin</LastName><ForeName>Sancha</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wedge</LastName><ForeName>David C</ForeName><Initials>DC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Van Loo</LastName><ForeName>Peter</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ju</LastName><ForeName>Young Seok</ForeName><Initials>YS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Smid</LastName><ForeName>Marcel</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brinkman</LastName><ForeName>Arie B</ForeName><Initials>AB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Morganella</LastName><ForeName>Sandro</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aure</LastName><ForeName>Miriam R</ForeName><Initials>MR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo 0310, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>K. G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0310, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lingjærde</LastName><ForeName>Ole Christian</ForeName><Initials>OC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>K. G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0310, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Computer Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Langerød</LastName><ForeName>Anita</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo 0310, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>K. G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0310, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ringnér</LastName><ForeName>Markus</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund SE-223 81, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ahn</LastName><ForeName>Sung-Min</ForeName><Initials>SM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boyault</LastName><ForeName>Sandrine</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Translational Research Lab, Centre Léon Bérard, 28, rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brock</LastName><ForeName>Jane E</ForeName><Initials>JE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Broeks</LastName><ForeName>Annegien</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Butler</LastName><ForeName>Adam</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Desmedt</LastName><ForeName>Christine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut Jules Bordet, Bd de Waterloo 121, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dirix</LastName><ForeName>Luc</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Translational Cancer Research Unit, Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dronov</LastName><ForeName>Serge</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fatima</LastName><ForeName>Aquila</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Foekens</LastName><ForeName>John A</ForeName><Initials>JA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gerstung</LastName><ForeName>Moritz</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hooijer</LastName><ForeName>Gerrit K J</ForeName><Initials>GK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jang</LastName><ForeName>Se Jin</ForeName><Initials>SJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Ulsan, South Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jones</LastName><ForeName>David R</ForeName><Initials>DR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kim</LastName><ForeName>Hyung-Yong</ForeName><Initials>HY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>King</LastName><ForeName>Tari A</ForeName><Initials>TA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Krishnamurthy</LastName><ForeName>Savitri</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard., Houston, Texas 77030, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName><ForeName>Hee Jin</ForeName><Initials>HJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Ulsan, South Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName><ForeName>Jeong-Yeon</ForeName><Initials>JY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Yilong</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McLaren</LastName><ForeName>Stuart</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Menzies</LastName><ForeName>Andrew</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mustonen</LastName><ForeName>Ville</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>O'Meara</LastName><ForeName>Sarah</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pauporté</LastName><ForeName>Iris</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut National du Cancer, Research Division, Clinical Research Department, 52 avenue Morizet, 92513 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pivot</LastName><ForeName>Xavier</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Hospital of Minjoz, INSERM UMR 1098, Bd Fleming, Besançon 25000, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Purdie</LastName><ForeName>Colin A</ForeName><Initials>CA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pathology Department, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raine</LastName><ForeName>Keiran</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ramakrishnan</LastName><ForeName>Kamna</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rodríguez-González</LastName><ForeName>F Germán</ForeName><Initials>FG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Romieu</LastName><ForeName>Gilles</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Oncologie Sénologie, ICM Institut Régional du Cancer, Montpellier, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sieuwerts</LastName><ForeName>Anieta M</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Simpson</LastName><ForeName>Peter T</ForeName><Initials>PT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research and School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shepherd</LastName><ForeName>Rebecca</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stebbings</LastName><ForeName>Lucy</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stefansson</LastName><ForeName>Olafur A</ForeName><Initials>OA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Teague</LastName><ForeName>Jon</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tommasi</LastName><ForeName>Stefania</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Treilleux</LastName><ForeName>Isabelle</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon Cédex 08, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Van den Eynden</LastName><ForeName>Gert G</ForeName><Initials>GG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Translational Cancer Research Unit, Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vermeulen</LastName><ForeName>Peter</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Translational Cancer Research Unit, Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vincent-Salomon</LastName><ForeName>Anne</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Curie, Paris Sciences Lettres University, Department of Pathology and INSERM U934, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yates</LastName><ForeName>Lucy</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Caldas</LastName><ForeName>Carlos</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van't Veer</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tutt</LastName><ForeName>Andrew</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Knappskog</LastName><ForeName>Stian</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tan</LastName><ForeName>Benita Kiat Tee</ForeName><Initials>BK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, 169610, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, 169608, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jonkers</LastName><ForeName>Jos</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Borg</LastName><ForeName>Åke</ForeName><Initials>Å</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund SE-223 81, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ueno</LastName><ForeName>Naoto T</ForeName><Initials>NT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard., Houston, Texas 77030, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sotiriou</LastName><ForeName>Christos</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut Jules Bordet, Bd de Waterloo 121, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Viari</LastName><ForeName>Alain</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Equipe Erable, INRIA Grenoble-Rhône-Alpes, 655, Avenue de l'Europe, 38330 Montbonnot-Saint Martin, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Synergie Lyon Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, Lyon Cedex 08, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Futreal</LastName><ForeName>P Andrew</ForeName><Initials>PA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Campbell</LastName><ForeName>Peter J</ForeName><Initials>PJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Span</LastName><ForeName>Paul N</ForeName><Initials>PN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Van Laere</LastName><ForeName>Steven</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Translational Cancer Research Unit, Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lakhani</LastName><ForeName>Sunil R</ForeName><Initials>SR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research and School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eyfjord</LastName><ForeName>Jorunn E</ForeName><Initials>JE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thompson</LastName><ForeName>Alastair M</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pathology Department, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Birney</LastName><ForeName>Ewan</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stunnenberg</LastName><ForeName>Hendrik G</ForeName><Initials>HG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van de Vijver</LastName><ForeName>Marc J</ForeName><Initials>MJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martens</LastName><ForeName>John W M</ForeName><Initials>JW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Børresen-Dale</LastName><ForeName>Anne-Lise</ForeName><Initials>AL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo 0310, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>K. G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0310, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Richardson</LastName><ForeName>Andrea L</ForeName><Initials>AL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kong</LastName><ForeName>Gu</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thomas</LastName><ForeName>Gilles</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Synergie Lyon Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, Lyon Cedex 08, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stratton</LastName><ForeName>Michael R</ForeName><Initials>MR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>077012/Z/05/Z</GrantID><Agency>Wellcome Trust</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>322737</GrantID><Agency>European Research Council</Agency><Country>International</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>P50 CA168504</GrantID><Acronym>CA</Acronym><Agency>NCI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>P30 CA008748</GrantID><Acronym>CA</Acronym><Agency>NCI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>P50 CA168504-02</GrantID><Acronym>CA</Acronym><Agency>NCI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>WT100183MA</GrantID><Agency>Wellcome Trust</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>098051</GrantID><Agency>Wellcome Trust</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>100183</GrantID><Agency>Wellcome Trust</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><Agency>Cancer Research UK</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><Agency>Chief Scientist Office</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>077012</GrantID><Agency>Wellcome Trust</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>088177</GrantID><Agency>Wellcome Trust</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType><PublicationType 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