AustralieFrV1, PubMed, Checkpoint, bibRecord, 003578

Frequent mutations in chromatin-remodelling genes in pulmonary carcinoids.

Identifieur interne : 003578 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 003577; suivant : 003579

Frequent mutations in chromatin-remodelling genes in pulmonary carcinoids.

Auteurs : Lynnette Fernandez-Cuesta [Allemagne] ; Martin Peifer [Allemagne] ; Xin Lu [Allemagne] ; Ruping Sun [Allemagne] ; Luka Ozreti [Allemagne] ; Danila Seidal [Allemagne] ; Thomas Zander [Allemagne] ; Frauke Leenders [Allemagne] ; Julie George [Allemagne] ; Christian Müller [Allemagne] ; Ilona Dahmen [Allemagne] ; Berit Pinther [Allemagne] ; Graziella Bosco [Allemagne] ; Kathryn Konrad [Allemagne] ; Janine Altmüller [Allemagne] ; Peter Nürnberg [Allemagne] ; Viktor Achter [Allemagne] ; Ulrich Lang [Allemagne] ; Peter M. Schneider [Allemagne] ; Magdalena Bogus [Allemagne] ; Alex Soltermann [Suisse] ; Odd Terje Brustugun [Norvège] ; Slaug Helland [Norvège] ; Steinar Solberg [Norvège] ; Marius Lund-Iversen [Norvège] ; Sascha Ansén [Allemagne] ; Erich Stoelben [Allemagne] ; Gavin M. Wright [Australie] ; Prudence Russell [Australie] ; Zoe Wainer [Australie] ; Benjamin Solomon [Australie] ; John K. Field [Royaume-Uni] ; Russell Hyde [Royaume-Uni] ; Michael Pa Davies [Royaume-Uni] ; Lukas C. Heukamp [Allemagne] ; Iver Petersen [Allemagne] ; Sven Perner [Allemagne] ; Christine Lovly [États-Unis] ; Federico Cappuzzo [Italie] ; William D. Travis [États-Unis] ; Jürgen Wolf [Allemagne] ; Martin Vingron [Allemagne] ; Elisabeth Brambilla [France] ; Stefan A. Haas [Allemagne] ; Reinhard Buettner [Allemagne] ; Roman K. Thomas [Allemagne]

Source :

Nature communications [ 2041-1723 ] ; 2014.

RBID : pubmed:24670920

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Base Sequence, Carcinoid Tumor (genetics), Carcinoid Tumor (pathology), Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly (genetics), Chromosome Mapping, DNA Copy Number Variations, Exome (genetics), Female, Gene Dosage, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Genome, Human (genetics), Humans, Lung Neoplasms (genetics), Lung Neoplasms (pathology), Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Young Adult.
MESH :
- genetics : Carcinoid Tumor, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly, Exome, Genome, Human, Lung Neoplasms.
- pathology : Carcinoid Tumor, Lung Neoplasms.
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Base Sequence, Chromosome Mapping, DNA Copy Number Variations, Female, Gene Dosage, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Young Adult.

Abstract

Pulmonary carcinoids are rare neuroendocrine tumours of the lung. The molecular alterations underlying the pathogenesis of these tumours have not been systematically studied so far. Here we perform gene copy number analysis (n=54), genome/exome (n=44) and transcriptome (n=69) sequencing of pulmonary carcinoids and observe frequent mutations in chromatin-remodelling genes. Covalent histone modifiers and subunits of the SWI/SNF complex are mutated in 40 and 22.2% of the cases, respectively, with MEN1, PSIP1 and ARID1A being recurrently affected. In contrast to small-cell lung cancer and large-cell neuroendocrine lung tumours, TP53 and RB1 mutations are rare events, suggesting that pulmonary carcinoids are not early progenitor lesions of the highly aggressive lung neuroendocrine tumours but arise through independent cellular mechanisms. These data also suggest that inactivation of chromatin-remodelling genes is sufficient to drive transformation in pulmonary carcinoids.

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4518
PubMed: 24670920

Affiliations:

Allemagne, Australie, France, Italie, Norvège, Royaume-Uni, Suisse, États-Unis
Berlin, District de Cologne, Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie, Tennessee
Berlin, Bonn, Cologne

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

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pubmed:24670920

Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Zander, Thomas" sort="Zander, Thomas" uniqKey="Zander T" first="Thomas" last="Zander">Thomas Zander</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Pinther, Berit" sort="Pinther, Berit" uniqKey="Pinther B" first="Berit" last="Pinther">Berit Pinther</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Achter, Viktor" sort="Achter, Viktor" uniqKey="Achter V" first="Viktor" last="Achter">Viktor Achter</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lang, Ulrich" sort="Lang, Ulrich" uniqKey="Lang U" first="Ulrich" last="Lang">Ulrich Lang</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Schneider, Peter M" sort="Schneider, Peter M" uniqKey="Schneider P" first="Peter M" last="Schneider">Peter M. Schneider</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Cologne, 50823 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Bogus, Magdalena" sort="Bogus, Magdalena" uniqKey="Bogus M" first="Magdalena" last="Bogus">Magdalena Bogus</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Cologne, 50823 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Soltermann, Alex" sort="Soltermann, Alex" uniqKey="Soltermann A" first="Alex" last="Soltermann">Alex Soltermann</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brustugun, Odd Terje" sort="Brustugun, Odd Terje" uniqKey="Brustugun O" first="Odd Terje" last="Brustugun">Odd Terje Brustugun</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of clinical medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>N-0424 Oslo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Helland,  Slaug" sort="Helland,  Slaug" uniqKey="Helland  " first=" Slaug" last="Helland"> Slaug Helland</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of clinical medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of clinical medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>N-0424 Oslo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Solberg, Steinar" sort="Solberg, Steinar" uniqKey="Solberg S" first="Steinar" last="Solberg">Steinar Solberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>N-0027 Oslo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lund Iversen, Marius" sort="Lund Iversen, Marius" uniqKey="Lund Iversen M" first="Marius" last="Lund-Iversen">Marius Lund-Iversen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>N-0310 Oslo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ansen, Sascha" sort="Ansen, Sascha" uniqKey="Ansen S" first="Sascha" last="Ansén">Sascha Ansén</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department I of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology Kö ln-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department I of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology Kö ln-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Stoelben, Erich" sort="Stoelben, Erich" uniqKey="Stoelben E" first="Erich" last="Stoelben">Erich Stoelben</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Thoracic Surgery, Lungenklinik Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, 51109 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Thoracic Surgery, Lungenklinik Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, 51109 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wright, Gavin M" sort="Wright, Gavin M" uniqKey="Wright G" first="Gavin M" last="Wright">Gavin M. Wright</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>3065 Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Russell, Prudence" sort="Russell, Prudence" uniqKey="Russell P" first="Prudence" last="Russell">Prudence Russell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>3065 Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wainer, Zoe" sort="Wainer, Zoe" uniqKey="Wainer Z" first="Zoe" last="Wainer">Zoe Wainer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>3065 Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Solomon, Benjamin" sort="Solomon, Benjamin" uniqKey="Solomon B" first="Benjamin" last="Solomon">Benjamin Solomon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3002 Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3002 Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>3002 Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Field, John K" sort="Field, John K" uniqKey="Field J" first="John K" last="Field">John K. Field</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hyde, Russell" sort="Hyde, Russell" uniqKey="Hyde R" first="Russell" last="Hyde">Russell Hyde</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, L3 9TA</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Davies, Michael Pa" sort="Davies, Michael Pa" uniqKey="Davies M" first="Michael Pa" last="Davies">Michael Pa Davies</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, L3 9TA</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heukamp, Lukas C" sort="Heukamp, Lukas C" uniqKey="Heukamp L" first="Lukas C" last="Heukamp">Lukas C. Heukamp</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University Hospital Medical Center, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University Hospital Medical Center, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Petersen, Iver" sort="Petersen, Iver" uniqKey="Petersen I" first="Iver" last="Petersen">Iver Petersen</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Perner, Sven" sort="Perner, Sven" uniqKey="Perner S" first="Sven" last="Perner">Sven Perner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, 53127 Bonn</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lovly, Christine" sort="Lovly, Christine" uniqKey="Lovly C" first="Christine" last="Lovly">Christine Lovly</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN37232, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN37232</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cappuzzo, Federico" sort="Cappuzzo, Federico" uniqKey="Cappuzzo F" first="Federico" last="Cappuzzo">Federico Cappuzzo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Toscano Tumouri, 57100 Livorno, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Toscano Tumouri, 57100 Livorno</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>57100 Livorno</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Travis, William D" sort="Travis, William D" uniqKey="Travis W" first="William D" last="Travis">William D. Travis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>New York 10065</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wolf, Jurgen" sort="Wolf, Jurgen" uniqKey="Wolf J" first="Jürgen" last="Wolf">Jürgen Wolf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne - Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne - Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vingron, Martin" sort="Vingron, Martin" uniqKey="Vingron M" first="Martin" last="Vingron">Martin Vingron</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Computational Molecular Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Computational Molecular Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brambilla, Elisabeth" sort="Brambilla, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Brambilla E" first="Elisabeth" last="Brambilla">Elisabeth Brambilla</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, CHU Grenoble INSERM U823, Institute Albert Bonniot 38043 CS10217 Grenoble, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, CHU Grenoble INSERM U823, Institute Albert Bonniot 38043 CS10217 Grenoble</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>38043 CS10217 Grenoble</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>38043 CS10217 Grenoble</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haas, Stefan A" sort="Haas, Stefan A" uniqKey="Haas S" first="Stefan A" last="Haas">Stefan A. Haas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Computational Molecular Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Computational Molecular Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
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<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buettner, Reinhard" sort="Buettner, Reinhard" uniqKey="Buettner R" first="Reinhard" last="Buettner">Reinhard Buettner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University Hospital Medical Center, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University Hospital Medical Center, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Roman K" sort="Thomas, Roman K" uniqKey="Thomas R" first="Roman K" last="Thomas">Roman K. Thomas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
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</affiliation>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Frequent mutations in chromatin-remodelling genes in pulmonary carcinoids.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Fernandez Cuesta, Lynnette" sort="Fernandez Cuesta, Lynnette" uniqKey="Fernandez Cuesta L" first="Lynnette" last="Fernandez-Cuesta">Lynnette Fernandez-Cuesta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peifer, Martin" sort="Peifer, Martin" uniqKey="Peifer M" first="Martin" last="Peifer">Martin Peifer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lu, Xin" sort="Lu, Xin" uniqKey="Lu X" first="Xin" last="Lu">Xin Lu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sun, Ruping" sort="Sun, Ruping" uniqKey="Sun R" first="Ruping" last="Sun">Ruping Sun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Computational Molecular Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Computational Molecular Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ozreti, Luka" sort="Ozreti, Luka" uniqKey="Ozreti L" first="Luka" last="Ozreti">Luka Ozreti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University Hospital Medical Center, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University Hospital Medical Center, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seidal, Danila" sort="Seidal, Danila" uniqKey="Seidal D" first="Danila" last="Seidal">Danila Seidal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zander, Thomas" sort="Zander, Thomas" uniqKey="Zander T" first="Thomas" last="Zander">Thomas Zander</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leenders, Frauke" sort="Leenders, Frauke" uniqKey="Leenders F" first="Frauke" last="Leenders">Frauke Leenders</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="George, Julie" sort="George, Julie" uniqKey="George J" first="Julie" last="George">Julie George</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller, Christian" sort="Muller, Christian" uniqKey="Muller C" first="Christian" last="Müller">Christian Müller</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dahmen, Ilona" sort="Dahmen, Ilona" uniqKey="Dahmen I" first="Ilona" last="Dahmen">Ilona Dahmen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pinther, Berit" sort="Pinther, Berit" uniqKey="Pinther B" first="Berit" last="Pinther">Berit Pinther</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bosco, Graziella" sort="Bosco, Graziella" uniqKey="Bosco G" first="Graziella" last="Bosco">Graziella Bosco</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Konrad, Kathryn" sort="Konrad, Kathryn" uniqKey="Konrad K" first="Kathryn" last="Konrad">Kathryn Konrad</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931 Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Altmuller, Janine" sort="Altmuller, Janine" uniqKey="Altmuller J" first="Janine" last="Altmüller">Janine Altmüller</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931 Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nurnberg, Peter" sort="Nurnberg, Peter" uniqKey="Nurnberg P" first="Peter" last="Nürnberg">Peter Nürnberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Achter, Viktor" sort="Achter, Viktor" uniqKey="Achter V" first="Viktor" last="Achter">Viktor Achter</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Computing Center, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lang, Ulrich" sort="Lang, Ulrich" uniqKey="Lang U" first="Ulrich" last="Lang">Ulrich Lang</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Computing Center, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
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<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schneider, Peter M" sort="Schneider, Peter M" uniqKey="Schneider P" first="Peter M" last="Schneider">Peter M. Schneider</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Cologne, 50823 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Cologne, 50823 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bogus, Magdalena" sort="Bogus, Magdalena" uniqKey="Bogus M" first="Magdalena" last="Bogus">Magdalena Bogus</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Cologne, 50823 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Cologne, 50823 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Soltermann, Alex" sort="Soltermann, Alex" uniqKey="Soltermann A" first="Alex" last="Soltermann">Alex Soltermann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>8091 Zurich</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brustugun, Odd Terje" sort="Brustugun, Odd Terje" uniqKey="Brustugun O" first="Odd Terje" last="Brustugun">Odd Terje Brustugun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of clinical medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of clinical medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>N-0424 Oslo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Helland,  Slaug" sort="Helland,  Slaug" uniqKey="Helland  " first=" Slaug" last="Helland"> Slaug Helland</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of clinical medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of clinical medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>N-0424 Oslo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Solberg, Steinar" sort="Solberg, Steinar" uniqKey="Solberg S" first="Steinar" last="Solberg">Steinar Solberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>N-0027 Oslo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lund Iversen, Marius" sort="Lund Iversen, Marius" uniqKey="Lund Iversen M" first="Marius" last="Lund-Iversen">Marius Lund-Iversen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>N-0310 Oslo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ansen, Sascha" sort="Ansen, Sascha" uniqKey="Ansen S" first="Sascha" last="Ansén">Sascha Ansén</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department I of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology Kö ln-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department I of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology Kö ln-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stoelben, Erich" sort="Stoelben, Erich" uniqKey="Stoelben E" first="Erich" last="Stoelben">Erich Stoelben</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Thoracic Surgery, Lungenklinik Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, 51109 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Thoracic Surgery, Lungenklinik Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, 51109 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wright, Gavin M" sort="Wright, Gavin M" uniqKey="Wright G" first="Gavin M" last="Wright">Gavin M. Wright</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>3065 Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Russell, Prudence" sort="Russell, Prudence" uniqKey="Russell P" first="Prudence" last="Russell">Prudence Russell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>3065 Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wainer, Zoe" sort="Wainer, Zoe" uniqKey="Wainer Z" first="Zoe" last="Wainer">Zoe Wainer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>3065 Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Solomon, Benjamin" sort="Solomon, Benjamin" uniqKey="Solomon B" first="Benjamin" last="Solomon">Benjamin Solomon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3002 Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3002 Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>3002 Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Field, John K" sort="Field, John K" uniqKey="Field J" first="John K" last="Field">John K. Field</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, L3 9TA</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>L3 9TA</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hyde, Russell" sort="Hyde, Russell" uniqKey="Hyde R" first="Russell" last="Hyde">Russell Hyde</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, L3 9TA</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>L3 9TA</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davies, Michael Pa" sort="Davies, Michael Pa" uniqKey="Davies M" first="Michael Pa" last="Davies">Michael Pa Davies</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, L3 9TA</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>L3 9TA</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heukamp, Lukas C" sort="Heukamp, Lukas C" uniqKey="Heukamp L" first="Lukas C" last="Heukamp">Lukas C. Heukamp</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University Hospital Medical Center, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University Hospital Medical Center, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petersen, Iver" sort="Petersen, Iver" uniqKey="Petersen I" first="Iver" last="Petersen">Iver Petersen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perner, Sven" sort="Perner, Sven" uniqKey="Perner S" first="Sven" last="Perner">Sven Perner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, 53127 Bonn</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lovly, Christine" sort="Lovly, Christine" uniqKey="Lovly C" first="Christine" last="Lovly">Christine Lovly</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN37232, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN37232</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cappuzzo, Federico" sort="Cappuzzo, Federico" uniqKey="Cappuzzo F" first="Federico" last="Cappuzzo">Federico Cappuzzo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Toscano Tumouri, 57100 Livorno, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Toscano Tumouri, 57100 Livorno</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>57100 Livorno</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Travis, William D" sort="Travis, William D" uniqKey="Travis W" first="William D" last="Travis">William D. Travis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>New York 10065</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wolf, Jurgen" sort="Wolf, Jurgen" uniqKey="Wolf J" first="Jürgen" last="Wolf">Jürgen Wolf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne - Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne - Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vingron, Martin" sort="Vingron, Martin" uniqKey="Vingron M" first="Martin" last="Vingron">Martin Vingron</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Computational Molecular Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Computational Molecular Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brambilla, Elisabeth" sort="Brambilla, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Brambilla E" first="Elisabeth" last="Brambilla">Elisabeth Brambilla</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, CHU Grenoble INSERM U823, Institute Albert Bonniot 38043 CS10217 Grenoble, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, CHU Grenoble INSERM U823, Institute Albert Bonniot 38043 CS10217 Grenoble</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>38043 CS10217 Grenoble</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>38043 CS10217 Grenoble</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haas, Stefan A" sort="Haas, Stefan A" uniqKey="Haas S" first="Stefan A" last="Haas">Stefan A. Haas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Computational Molecular Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Computational Molecular Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buettner, Reinhard" sort="Buettner, Reinhard" uniqKey="Buettner R" first="Reinhard" last="Buettner">Reinhard Buettner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University Hospital Medical Center, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University Hospital Medical Center, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Roman K" sort="Thomas, Roman K" uniqKey="Thomas R" first="Roman K" last="Thomas">Roman K. Thomas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
<settlement type="city">Cologne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Nature communications</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2041-1723</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date>
</imprint>
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<term>Adult</term>
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Base Sequence</term>
<term>Carcinoid Tumor (genetics)</term>
<term>Carcinoid Tumor (pathology)</term>
<term>Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly (genetics)</term>
<term>Chromosome Mapping</term>
<term>DNA Copy Number Variations</term>
<term>Exome (genetics)</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Gene Dosage</term>
<term>Gene Expression Profiling</term>
<term>Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic</term>
<term>Genome, Human (genetics)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Lung Neoplasms (genetics)</term>
<term>Lung Neoplasms (pathology)</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Molecular Sequence Data</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term>
<term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term>
<term>Young Adult</term>
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<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Analyse de profil d'expression de gènes</term>
<term>Analyse de séquence d'ADN</term>
<term>Assemblage et désassemblage de la chromatine (génétique)</term>
<term>Cartographie chromosomique</term>
<term>Données de séquences moléculaires</term>
<term>Dosage génique</term>
<term>Exome (génétique)</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
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<term>Humains</term>
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<term>Tumeur carcinoïde (génétique)</term>
<term>Tumeurs du poumon (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Tumeurs du poumon (génétique)</term>
<term>Variations de nombre de copies de segment d'ADN</term>
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<term>Lung Neoplasms</term>
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<term>Tumeur carcinoïde</term>
<term>Tumeurs du poumon</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Carcinoid Tumor</term>
<term>Lung Neoplasms</term>
</keywords>
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<term>Adult</term>
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Base Sequence</term>
<term>Chromosome Mapping</term>
<term>DNA Copy Number Variations</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Gene Dosage</term>
<term>Gene Expression Profiling</term>
<term>Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Molecular Sequence Data</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term>
<term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term>
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<term>Régulation de l'expression des gènes tumoraux</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Pulmonary carcinoids are rare neuroendocrine tumours of the lung. The molecular alterations underlying the pathogenesis of these tumours have not been systematically studied so far. Here we perform gene copy number analysis (n=54), genome/exome (n=44) and transcriptome (n=69) sequencing of pulmonary carcinoids and observe frequent mutations in chromatin-remodelling genes. Covalent histone modifiers and subunits of the SWI/SNF complex are mutated in 40 and 22.2% of the cases, respectively, with MEN1, PSIP1 and ARID1A being recurrently affected. In contrast to small-cell lung cancer and large-cell neuroendocrine lung tumours, TP53 and RB1 mutations are rare events, suggesting that pulmonary carcinoids are not early progenitor lesions of the highly aggressive lung neuroendocrine tumours but arise through independent cellular mechanisms. These data also suggest that inactivation of chromatin-remodelling genes is sufficient to drive transformation in pulmonary carcinoids.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">24670920</PMID>
<DateCreated><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>27</Day>
</DateCreated>
<DateCompleted><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>03</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>18</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2041-1723</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>5</Volume>
<PubDate><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>Mar</Month>
<Day>27</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Nature communications</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Nat Commun</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Frequent mutations in chromatin-remodelling genes in pulmonary carcinoids.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>3518</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/ncomms4518</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>Pulmonary carcinoids are rare neuroendocrine tumours of the lung. The molecular alterations underlying the pathogenesis of these tumours have not been systematically studied so far. Here we perform gene copy number analysis (n=54), genome/exome (n=44) and transcriptome (n=69) sequencing of pulmonary carcinoids and observe frequent mutations in chromatin-remodelling genes. Covalent histone modifiers and subunits of the SWI/SNF complex are mutated in 40 and 22.2% of the cases, respectively, with MEN1, PSIP1 and ARID1A being recurrently affected. In contrast to small-cell lung cancer and large-cell neuroendocrine lung tumours, TP53 and RB1 mutations are rare events, suggesting that pulmonary carcinoids are not early progenitor lesions of the highly aggressive lung neuroendocrine tumours but arise through independent cellular mechanisms. These data also suggest that inactivation of chromatin-remodelling genes is sufficient to drive transformation in pulmonary carcinoids.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y" EqualContrib="Y"><LastName>Fernandez-Cuesta</LastName>
<ForeName>Lynnette</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y" EqualContrib="Y"><LastName>Peifer</LastName>
<ForeName>Martin</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<Initials>X</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Computational Molecular Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, University Hospital Medical Center, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Network Genomic Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne - Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<Initials>I</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931 Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931 Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, University Hospital Medical Center, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, University Hospital Medical Center, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne - Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<Acronym>CA</Acronym>
<Agency>NCI NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
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<Acronym>CA</Acronym>
<Agency>NCI NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
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<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>27</Day>
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<MedlineTA>Nat Commun</MedlineTA>
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<ISSNLinking>2041-1723</ISSNLinking>
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<Day>13</Day>
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<li>Australie</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Italie</li>
<li>Norvège</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>Suisse</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Berlin</li>
<li>District de Cologne</li>
<li>Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</li>
<li>Tennessee</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Berlin</li>
<li>Bonn</li>
<li>Cologne</li>
</settlement>
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<name sortKey="Bogus, Magdalena" sort="Bogus, Magdalena" uniqKey="Bogus M" first="Magdalena" last="Bogus">Magdalena Bogus</name>
<name sortKey="Bosco, Graziella" sort="Bosco, Graziella" uniqKey="Bosco G" first="Graziella" last="Bosco">Graziella Bosco</name>
<name sortKey="Buettner, Reinhard" sort="Buettner, Reinhard" uniqKey="Buettner R" first="Reinhard" last="Buettner">Reinhard Buettner</name>
<name sortKey="Dahmen, Ilona" sort="Dahmen, Ilona" uniqKey="Dahmen I" first="Ilona" last="Dahmen">Ilona Dahmen</name>
<name sortKey="George, Julie" sort="George, Julie" uniqKey="George J" first="Julie" last="George">Julie George</name>
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<name sortKey="Lu, Xin" sort="Lu, Xin" uniqKey="Lu X" first="Xin" last="Lu">Xin Lu</name>
<name sortKey="Muller, Christian" sort="Muller, Christian" uniqKey="Muller C" first="Christian" last="Müller">Christian Müller</name>
<name sortKey="Nurnberg, Peter" sort="Nurnberg, Peter" uniqKey="Nurnberg P" first="Peter" last="Nürnberg">Peter Nürnberg</name>
<name sortKey="Ozreti, Luka" sort="Ozreti, Luka" uniqKey="Ozreti L" first="Luka" last="Ozreti">Luka Ozreti</name>
<name sortKey="Peifer, Martin" sort="Peifer, Martin" uniqKey="Peifer M" first="Martin" last="Peifer">Martin Peifer</name>
<name sortKey="Perner, Sven" sort="Perner, Sven" uniqKey="Perner S" first="Sven" last="Perner">Sven Perner</name>
<name sortKey="Petersen, Iver" sort="Petersen, Iver" uniqKey="Petersen I" first="Iver" last="Petersen">Iver Petersen</name>
<name sortKey="Pinther, Berit" sort="Pinther, Berit" uniqKey="Pinther B" first="Berit" last="Pinther">Berit Pinther</name>
<name sortKey="Schneider, Peter M" sort="Schneider, Peter M" uniqKey="Schneider P" first="Peter M" last="Schneider">Peter M. Schneider</name>
<name sortKey="Seidal, Danila" sort="Seidal, Danila" uniqKey="Seidal D" first="Danila" last="Seidal">Danila Seidal</name>
<name sortKey="Stoelben, Erich" sort="Stoelben, Erich" uniqKey="Stoelben E" first="Erich" last="Stoelben">Erich Stoelben</name>
<name sortKey="Sun, Ruping" sort="Sun, Ruping" uniqKey="Sun R" first="Ruping" last="Sun">Ruping Sun</name>
<name sortKey="Thomas, Roman K" sort="Thomas, Roman K" uniqKey="Thomas R" first="Roman K" last="Thomas">Roman K. Thomas</name>
<name sortKey="Vingron, Martin" sort="Vingron, Martin" uniqKey="Vingron M" first="Martin" last="Vingron">Martin Vingron</name>
<name sortKey="Wolf, Jurgen" sort="Wolf, Jurgen" uniqKey="Wolf J" first="Jürgen" last="Wolf">Jürgen Wolf</name>
<name sortKey="Zander, Thomas" sort="Zander, Thomas" uniqKey="Zander T" first="Thomas" last="Zander">Thomas Zander</name>
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<country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Soltermann, Alex" sort="Soltermann, Alex" uniqKey="Soltermann A" first="Alex" last="Soltermann">Alex Soltermann</name>
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<country name="Norvège"><noRegion><name sortKey="Brustugun, Odd Terje" sort="Brustugun, Odd Terje" uniqKey="Brustugun O" first="Odd Terje" last="Brustugun">Odd Terje Brustugun</name>
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<name sortKey="Helland,  Slaug" sort="Helland,  Slaug" uniqKey="Helland  " first=" Slaug" last="Helland"> Slaug Helland</name>
<name sortKey="Lund Iversen, Marius" sort="Lund Iversen, Marius" uniqKey="Lund Iversen M" first="Marius" last="Lund-Iversen">Marius Lund-Iversen</name>
<name sortKey="Solberg, Steinar" sort="Solberg, Steinar" uniqKey="Solberg S" first="Steinar" last="Solberg">Steinar Solberg</name>
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<country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wright, Gavin M" sort="Wright, Gavin M" uniqKey="Wright G" first="Gavin M" last="Wright">Gavin M. Wright</name>
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<name sortKey="Russell, Prudence" sort="Russell, Prudence" uniqKey="Russell P" first="Prudence" last="Russell">Prudence Russell</name>
<name sortKey="Solomon, Benjamin" sort="Solomon, Benjamin" uniqKey="Solomon B" first="Benjamin" last="Solomon">Benjamin Solomon</name>
<name sortKey="Wainer, Zoe" sort="Wainer, Zoe" uniqKey="Wainer Z" first="Zoe" last="Wainer">Zoe Wainer</name>
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<country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Field, John K" sort="Field, John K" uniqKey="Field J" first="John K" last="Field">John K. Field</name>
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<name sortKey="Davies, Michael Pa" sort="Davies, Michael Pa" uniqKey="Davies M" first="Michael Pa" last="Davies">Michael Pa Davies</name>
<name sortKey="Hyde, Russell" sort="Hyde, Russell" uniqKey="Hyde R" first="Russell" last="Hyde">Russell Hyde</name>
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<country name="États-Unis"><region name="Tennessee"><name sortKey="Lovly, Christine" sort="Lovly, Christine" uniqKey="Lovly C" first="Christine" last="Lovly">Christine Lovly</name>
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<name sortKey="Travis, William D" sort="Travis, William D" uniqKey="Travis W" first="William D" last="Travis">William D. Travis</name>
</country>
<country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Cappuzzo, Federico" sort="Cappuzzo, Federico" uniqKey="Cappuzzo F" first="Federico" last="Cappuzzo">Federico Cappuzzo</name>
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</country>
<country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Brambilla, Elisabeth" sort="Brambilla, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Brambilla E" first="Elisabeth" last="Brambilla">Elisabeth Brambilla</name>
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</country>
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</affiliations>
</record>

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	Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie
	Attention, ce site est en cours de développement ! Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts. Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

Frequent mutations in chromatin-remodelling genes in pulmonary carcinoids.

Frequent mutations in chromatin-remodelling genes in pulmonary carcinoids.

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