Consensus recommendations on training and competing in the heat.
Identifieur interne : 002D85 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002D84; suivant : 002D86Consensus recommendations on training and competing in the heat.
Auteurs : S. Racinais [Qatar] ; J M Alonso [Monaco] ; A J Coutts [Australie] ; A D Flouris [Grèce] ; O. Girard [Suisse] ; J. González-Alonso [Royaume-Uni] ; C. Hausswirth [France] ; O. Jay [Australie] ; J K W. Lee [Singapour] ; N. Mitchell [Royaume-Uni] ; G P Nassis [Qatar] ; L. Nybo [Danemark] ; B M Pluim [Pays-Bas] ; B. Roelands [Belgique] ; M N Sawka [États-Unis] ; J. Wingo [États-Unis] ; J D Périard [Qatar]Source :
- British journal of sports medicine [ 1473-0480 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Acclimatation (physiologie), Basse température, Boissons, Déshydratation (), Exercice de récupération (physiologie), Exercice physique (physiologie), Humains, Médecine du sport (), Performance sportive (physiologie), Régulation de la température corporelle (physiologie), Sports (physiologie), Température élevée, Traitement par apport liquidien (), Troubles dus à la chaleur (), Troubles dus à la chaleur (physiopathologie), Vêtements.
- MESH :
- physiologie : Acclimatation, Exercice de récupération, Exercice physique, Performance sportive, Régulation de la température corporelle, Sports.
- physiopathologie : Troubles dus à la chaleur.
- Basse température, Boissons, Déshydratation, Humains, Médecine du sport, Température élevée, Traitement par apport liquidien, Troubles dus à la chaleur, Vêtements.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Acclimatization (physiology), Athletic Performance (physiology), Beverages, Body Temperature Regulation (physiology), Clothing, Cold Temperature, Cool-Down Exercise (physiology), Dehydration (prevention & control), Exercise (physiology), Fluid Therapy (methods), Heat Stress Disorders (physiopathology), Heat Stress Disorders (prevention & control), Hot Temperature, Humans, Sports (physiology), Sports Medicine (methods).
- MESH :
- methods : Fluid Therapy, Sports Medicine.
- physiology : Acclimatization, Athletic Performance, Body Temperature Regulation, Cool-Down Exercise, Exercise, Sports.
- physiopathology : Heat Stress Disorders.
- prevention & control : Dehydration, Heat Stress Disorders.
- Beverages, Clothing, Cold Temperature, Hot Temperature, Humans.
Abstract
Exercising in the heat induces thermoregulatory and other physiological strain that can lead to impairments in endurance exercise capacity. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide up-to-date recommendations to optimise performance during sporting activities undertaken in hot ambient conditions. The most important intervention one can adopt to reduce physiological strain and optimise performance is to heat acclimatise. Heat acclimatisation should comprise repeated exercise-heat exposures over 1-2 weeks. In addition, athletes should initiate competition and training in a euhydrated state and minimise dehydration during exercise. Following the development of commercial cooling systems (eg, cooling-vest), athletes can implement cooling strategies to facilitate heat loss or increase heat storage capacity before training or competing in the heat. Moreover, event organisers should plan for large shaded areas, along with cooling and rehydration facilities, and schedule events in accordance with minimising the health risks of athletes, especially in mass participation events and during the first hot days of the year. Following the recent examples of the 2008 Olympics and the 2014 FIFA World Cup, sport governing bodies should consider allowing additional (or longer) recovery periods between and during events, for hydration and body cooling opportunities, when competitions are held in the heat.
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094915
PubMed: 26069301
Affiliations:
- Australie, Belgique, Danemark, France, Grèce, Monaco, Pays-Bas, Qatar, Royaume-Uni, Singapour, Suisse, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Canton de Vaud, Grand Manchester, Géorgie (États-Unis), Hovedstaden, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Île-de-France
- Bruxelles, Copenhague, Lausanne, Manchester, Paris, Sydney
- Université de Sydney, Université nationale de Singapour
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Racinais</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Qatar</country><wicri:regionArea>Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Doha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alonso, J M" sort="Alonso, J M" uniqKey="Alonso J" first="J M" last="Alonso">J M Alonso</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sports Medicine Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar Medical and Anti-doping Commission, International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), Montecarlo, Monaco.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Monaco</country><wicri:regionArea>Sports Medicine Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar Medical and Anti-doping Commission, International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), Montecarlo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Montecarlo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coutts, A J" sort="Coutts, A J" uniqKey="Coutts A" first="A J" last="Coutts">A J Coutts</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology Sydney (UTS)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Technology Sydney (UTS)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flouris, A D" sort="Flouris, A D" uniqKey="Flouris A" first="A D" last="Flouris">A D Flouris</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Trikala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Girard, O" sort="Girard, O" uniqKey="Girard O" first="O" last="Girard">O. Girard</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Alonso, J" sort="Gonzalez Alonso, J" uniqKey="Gonzalez Alonso J" first="J" last="González-Alonso">J. González-Alonso</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Uxbridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hausswirth, C" sort="Hausswirth, C" uniqKey="Hausswirth C" first="C" last="Hausswirth">C. Hausswirth</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Research Department, Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Department, Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jay, O" sort="Jay, O" uniqKey="Jay O" first="O" last="Jay">O. Jay</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Sydney</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, J K W" sort="Lee, J K W" uniqKey="Lee J" first="J K W" last="Lee">J K W. Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, N" sort="Mitchell, N" uniqKey="Mitchell N" first="N" last="Mitchell">N. Mitchell</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>British Cycling and 'Sky Pro Cycling', National Cycling Centre, Manchester, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>British Cycling and 'Sky Pro Cycling', National Cycling Centre, Manchester</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Manchester</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Manchester</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nassis, G P" sort="Nassis, G P" uniqKey="Nassis G" first="G P" last="Nassis">G P Nassis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Sports Medicine Programme, Excellence in Football Project, Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Qatar</country><wicri:regionArea>National Sports Medicine Programme, Excellence in Football Project, Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Doha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nybo, L" sort="Nybo, L" uniqKey="Nybo L" first="L" last="Nybo">L. Nybo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, Section of Human Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, Section of Human Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pluim, B M" sort="Pluim, B M" uniqKey="Pluim B" first="B M" last="Pluim">B M Pluim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Department, Royal Netherlands Lawn Tennis Association (KNLTB), Amersfoort, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Department, Royal Netherlands Lawn Tennis Association (KNLTB), Amersfoort</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Amersfoort</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roelands, B" sort="Roelands, B" uniqKey="Roelands B" first="B" last="Roelands">B. Roelands</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawka, M N" sort="Sawka, M N" uniqKey="Sawka M" first="M N" last="Sawka">M N Sawka</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>School of Applied Physiology, College of Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Applied Physiology, College of Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wingo, J" sort="Wingo, J" uniqKey="Wingo J" first="J" last="Wingo">J. Wingo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tuscaloosa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Periard, J D" sort="Periard, J D" uniqKey="Periard J" first="J D" last="Périard">J D Périard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Qatar</country><wicri:regionArea>Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Doha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26069301</idno><idno type="pmid">26069301</idno><idno type="doi">10.1136/bjsports-2015-094915</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002968</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002968</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002899</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002899</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">002899</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">002899</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Consensus recommendations on training and competing in the heat.</title><author><name sortKey="Racinais, S" sort="Racinais, S" uniqKey="Racinais S" first="S" last="Racinais">S. Racinais</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Qatar</country><wicri:regionArea>Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Doha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alonso, J M" sort="Alonso, J M" uniqKey="Alonso J" first="J M" last="Alonso">J M Alonso</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sports Medicine Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar Medical and Anti-doping Commission, International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), Montecarlo, Monaco.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Monaco</country><wicri:regionArea>Sports Medicine Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar Medical and Anti-doping Commission, International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), Montecarlo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Montecarlo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coutts, A J" sort="Coutts, A J" uniqKey="Coutts A" first="A J" last="Coutts">A J Coutts</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology Sydney (UTS)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Technology Sydney (UTS)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flouris, A D" sort="Flouris, A D" uniqKey="Flouris A" first="A D" last="Flouris">A D Flouris</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Trikala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Girard, O" sort="Girard, O" uniqKey="Girard O" first="O" last="Girard">O. Girard</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Alonso, J" sort="Gonzalez Alonso, J" uniqKey="Gonzalez Alonso J" first="J" last="González-Alonso">J. González-Alonso</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Uxbridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hausswirth, C" sort="Hausswirth, C" uniqKey="Hausswirth C" first="C" last="Hausswirth">C. Hausswirth</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Research Department, Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Department, Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jay, O" sort="Jay, O" uniqKey="Jay O" first="O" last="Jay">O. Jay</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Sydney</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, J K W" sort="Lee, J K W" uniqKey="Lee J" first="J K W" last="Lee">J K W. Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, N" sort="Mitchell, N" uniqKey="Mitchell N" first="N" last="Mitchell">N. Mitchell</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>British Cycling and 'Sky Pro Cycling', National Cycling Centre, Manchester, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>British Cycling and 'Sky Pro Cycling', National Cycling Centre, Manchester</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Manchester</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Manchester</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nassis, G P" sort="Nassis, G P" uniqKey="Nassis G" first="G P" last="Nassis">G P Nassis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Sports Medicine Programme, Excellence in Football Project, Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Qatar</country><wicri:regionArea>National Sports Medicine Programme, Excellence in Football Project, Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Doha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nybo, L" sort="Nybo, L" uniqKey="Nybo L" first="L" last="Nybo">L. Nybo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, Section of Human Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, Section of Human Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pluim, B M" sort="Pluim, B M" uniqKey="Pluim B" first="B M" last="Pluim">B M Pluim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Department, Royal Netherlands Lawn Tennis Association (KNLTB), Amersfoort, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Department, Royal Netherlands Lawn Tennis Association (KNLTB), Amersfoort</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Amersfoort</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roelands, B" sort="Roelands, B" uniqKey="Roelands B" first="B" last="Roelands">B. Roelands</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawka, M N" sort="Sawka, M N" uniqKey="Sawka M" first="M N" last="Sawka">M N Sawka</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>School of Applied Physiology, College of Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Applied Physiology, College of Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wingo, J" sort="Wingo, J" uniqKey="Wingo J" first="J" last="Wingo">J. Wingo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tuscaloosa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Periard, J D" sort="Periard, J D" uniqKey="Periard J" first="J D" last="Périard">J D Périard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Qatar</country><wicri:regionArea>Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Doha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">British journal of sports medicine</title><idno type="eISSN">1473-0480</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Acclimatization (physiology)</term><term>Athletic Performance (physiology)</term><term>Beverages</term><term>Body Temperature Regulation (physiology)</term><term>Clothing</term><term>Cold Temperature</term><term>Cool-Down Exercise (physiology)</term><term>Dehydration (prevention & control)</term><term>Exercise (physiology)</term><term>Fluid Therapy (methods)</term><term>Heat Stress Disorders (physiopathology)</term><term>Heat Stress Disorders (prevention & control)</term><term>Hot Temperature</term><term>Humans</term><term>Sports (physiology)</term><term>Sports Medicine (methods)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acclimatation (physiologie)</term><term>Basse température</term><term>Boissons</term><term>Déshydratation ()</term><term>Exercice de récupération (physiologie)</term><term>Exercice physique (physiologie)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Médecine du sport ()</term><term>Performance sportive (physiologie)</term><term>Régulation de la température corporelle (physiologie)</term><term>Sports (physiologie)</term><term>Température élevée</term><term>Traitement par apport liquidien ()</term><term>Troubles dus à la chaleur ()</term><term>Troubles dus à la chaleur (physiopathologie)</term><term>Vêtements</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Fluid Therapy</term><term>Sports Medicine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acclimatation</term><term>Exercice de récupération</term><term>Exercice physique</term><term>Performance sportive</term><term>Régulation de la température corporelle</term><term>Sports</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Acclimatization</term><term>Athletic Performance</term><term>Body Temperature Regulation</term><term>Cool-Down Exercise</term><term>Exercise</term><term>Sports</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Troubles dus à la chaleur</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Heat Stress Disorders</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Dehydration</term><term>Heat Stress Disorders</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Beverages</term><term>Clothing</term><term>Cold Temperature</term><term>Hot Temperature</term><term>Humans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Basse température</term><term>Boissons</term><term>Déshydratation</term><term>Humains</term><term>Médecine du sport</term><term>Température élevée</term><term>Traitement par apport liquidien</term><term>Troubles dus à la chaleur</term><term>Vêtements</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Exercising in the heat induces thermoregulatory and other physiological strain that can lead to impairments in endurance exercise capacity. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide up-to-date recommendations to optimise performance during sporting activities undertaken in hot ambient conditions. The most important intervention one can adopt to reduce physiological strain and optimise performance is to heat acclimatise. Heat acclimatisation should comprise repeated exercise-heat exposures over 1-2 weeks. In addition, athletes should initiate competition and training in a euhydrated state and minimise dehydration during exercise. Following the development of commercial cooling systems (eg, cooling-vest), athletes can implement cooling strategies to facilitate heat loss or increase heat storage capacity before training or competing in the heat. Moreover, event organisers should plan for large shaded areas, along with cooling and rehydration facilities, and schedule events in accordance with minimising the health risks of athletes, especially in mass participation events and during the first hot days of the year. Following the recent examples of the 2008 Olympics and the 2014 FIFA World Cup, sport governing bodies should consider allowing additional (or longer) recovery periods between and during events, for hydration and body cooling opportunities, when competitions are held in the heat.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26069301</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2015</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>02</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>23</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1473-0480</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>49</Volume><Issue>18</Issue><PubDate><Year>2015</Year><Month>Sep</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>British journal of sports medicine</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Br J Sports Med</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Consensus recommendations on training and competing in the heat.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1164-73</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1136/bjsports-2015-094915</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Exercising in the heat induces thermoregulatory and other physiological strain that can lead to impairments in endurance exercise capacity. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide up-to-date recommendations to optimise performance during sporting activities undertaken in hot ambient conditions. The most important intervention one can adopt to reduce physiological strain and optimise performance is to heat acclimatise. Heat acclimatisation should comprise repeated exercise-heat exposures over 1-2 weeks. In addition, athletes should initiate competition and training in a euhydrated state and minimise dehydration during exercise. Following the development of commercial cooling systems (eg, cooling-vest), athletes can implement cooling strategies to facilitate heat loss or increase heat storage capacity before training or competing in the heat. Moreover, event organisers should plan for large shaded areas, along with cooling and rehydration facilities, and schedule events in accordance with minimising the health risks of athletes, especially in mass participation events and during the first hot days of the year. Following the recent examples of the 2008 Olympics and the 2014 FIFA World Cup, sport governing bodies should consider allowing additional (or longer) recovery periods between and during events, for hydration and body cooling opportunities, when competitions are held in the heat.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Racinais</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alonso</LastName><ForeName>J M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sports Medicine Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar Medical and Anti-doping Commission, International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), Montecarlo, Monaco.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Coutts</LastName><ForeName>A J</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Flouris</LastName><ForeName>A D</ForeName><Initials>AD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Girard</LastName><ForeName>O</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>González-Alonso</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hausswirth</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Department, Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jay</LastName><ForeName>O</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName><ForeName>J K W</ForeName><Initials>JK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mitchell</LastName><ForeName>N</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>British Cycling and 'Sky Pro Cycling', National Cycling Centre, Manchester, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nassis</LastName><ForeName>G P</ForeName><Initials>GP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Sports Medicine Programme, Excellence in Football Project, Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nybo</LastName><ForeName>L</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, Section of Human Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pluim</LastName><ForeName>B M</ForeName><Initials>BM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medical Department, Royal Netherlands Lawn Tennis Association (KNLTB), Amersfoort, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roelands</LastName><ForeName>B</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Human Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sawka</LastName><ForeName>M N</ForeName><Initials>MN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Applied Physiology, College of Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wingo</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Périard</LastName><ForeName>J D</ForeName><Initials>JD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016446">Consensus Development Conference</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2015</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>11</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Br J Sports Med</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0432520</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0306-3674</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Br J Sports Med. 2015 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|area= AustralieFrV1
|flux= PubMed
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:26069301
|texte= Consensus recommendations on training and competing in the heat.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:26069301" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |