Molecular Surveillance Identifies Multiple Transmissions of Typhoid in West Africa.
Identifieur interne : 001A46 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001A45; suivant : 001A47Molecular Surveillance Identifies Multiple Transmissions of Typhoid in West Africa.
Auteurs : Vanessa K. Wong [Royaume-Uni] ; Kathryn E. Holt [Australie] ; Chinyere Okoro [Royaume-Uni] ; Stephen Baker [Viêt Nam] ; Derek J. Pickard [Royaume-Uni] ; Florian Marks [Corée du Sud] ; Andrew J. Page [Royaume-Uni] ; Grace Olanipekun [Nigeria] ; Huda Munir [Nigeria] ; Roxanne Alter [États-Unis] ; Paul D. Fey [États-Unis] ; Nicholas A. Feasey [Royaume-Uni] ; Francois-Xavier Weill [France] ; Simon Le Hello [France] ; Peter J. Hart [Royaume-Uni] ; Samuel Kariuki [Royaume-Uni] ; Robert F. Breiman [Kenya] ; Melita A. Gordon [Royaume-Uni] ; Robert S. Heyderman [Malawi] ; Jan Jacobs [Belgique] ; Octavie Lunguya ; Chisomo Msefula [Royaume-Uni] ; Calman A. Maclennan [Royaume-Uni] ; Karen H. Keddy [Afrique du Sud] ; Anthony M. Smith [Afrique du Sud] ; Robert S. Onsare [Kenya] ; Elizabeth De Pinna [Royaume-Uni] ; Satheesh Nair [Royaume-Uni] ; Ben Amos [Tanzanie] ; Gordon Dougan [Royaume-Uni] ; Stephen Obaro [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS neglected tropical diseases [ 1935-2735 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
The burden of typhoid in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries has been difficult to estimate, in part, due to suboptimal laboratory diagnostics. However, surveillance blood cultures at two sites in Nigeria have identified typhoid associated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) as an important cause of bacteremia in children.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004781
PubMed: 27657909
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Australie, Belgique, Corée du Sud, France, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Royaume-Uni, Tanzanie, Viêt Nam, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Gauteng, Grand Londres, Midlands de l'Ouest, Nebraska, Région capitale de Séoul, Victoria (État), Île-de-France
- Birmingham, Johannesbourg, Londres, Melbourne, Paris, Séoul
- University College de Londres, Université de Birmingham, Université de Melbourne, Université du Witwatersrand
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:27657909Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Molecular Surveillance Identifies Multiple Transmissions of Typhoid in West Africa.</title><author><name sortKey="Wong, Vanessa K" sort="Wong, Vanessa K" uniqKey="Wong V" first="Vanessa K" last="Wong">Vanessa K. Wong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holt, Kathryn E" sort="Holt, Kathryn E" uniqKey="Holt K" first="Kathryn E" last="Holt">Kathryn E. Holt</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okoro, Chinyere" sort="Okoro, Chinyere" uniqKey="Okoro C" first="Chinyere" last="Okoro">Chinyere Okoro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baker, Stephen" sort="Baker, Stephen" uniqKey="Baker S" first="Stephen" last="Baker">Stephen Baker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Viêt Nam</country><wicri:regionArea>The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ho Chi Minh City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pickard, Derek J" sort="Pickard, Derek J" uniqKey="Pickard D" first="Derek J" last="Pickard">Derek J. Pickard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marks, Florian" sort="Marks, Florian" uniqKey="Marks F" first="Florian" last="Marks">Florian Marks</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>International Vaccine Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Kwanak, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>International Vaccine Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Kwanak, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Page, Andrew J" sort="Page, Andrew J" uniqKey="Page A" first="Andrew J" last="Page">Andrew J. Page</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olanipekun, Grace" sort="Olanipekun, Grace" uniqKey="Olanipekun G" first="Grace" last="Olanipekun">Grace Olanipekun</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Abuja</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munir, Huda" sort="Munir, Huda" uniqKey="Munir H" first="Huda" last="Munir">Huda Munir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kano</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alter, Roxanne" sort="Alter, Roxanne" uniqKey="Alter R" first="Roxanne" last="Alter">Roxanne Alter</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Nebraska</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fey, Paul D" sort="Fey, Paul D" uniqKey="Fey P" first="Paul D" last="Fey">Paul D. Fey</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Nebraska</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feasey, Nicholas A" sort="Feasey, Nicholas A" uniqKey="Feasey N" first="Nicholas A" last="Feasey">Nicholas A. Feasey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weill, Francois Xavier" sort="Weill, Francois Xavier" uniqKey="Weill F" first="Francois-Xavier" last="Weill">Francois-Xavier Weill</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Hello, Simon" sort="Le Hello, Simon" uniqKey="Le Hello S" first="Simon" last="Le Hello">Simon Le Hello</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hart, Peter J" sort="Hart, Peter J" uniqKey="Hart P" first="Peter J" last="Hart">Peter J. Hart</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Midlands de l'Ouest</region><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Birmingham</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kariuki, Samuel" sort="Kariuki, Samuel" uniqKey="Kariuki S" first="Samuel" last="Kariuki">Samuel Kariuki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Breiman, Robert F" sort="Breiman, Robert F" uniqKey="Breiman R" first="Robert F" last="Breiman">Robert F. Breiman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gordon, Melita A" sort="Gordon, Melita A" uniqKey="Gordon M" first="Melita A" last="Gordon">Melita A. Gordon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Liverpool</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heyderman, Robert S" sort="Heyderman, Robert S" uniqKey="Heyderman R" first="Robert S" last="Heyderman">Robert S. Heyderman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome-Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Chichiri, Blantyre, Malawi.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Malawi</country><wicri:regionArea>Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome-Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Chichiri, Blantyre</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Blantyre</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Jan" sort="Jacobs, Jan" uniqKey="Jacobs J" first="Jan" last="Jacobs">Jan Jacobs</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Antwerp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lunguya, Octavie" sort="Lunguya, Octavie" uniqKey="Lunguya O" first="Octavie" last="Lunguya">Octavie Lunguya</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Institute for Biomedical Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Democratic Republic of the Congo</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Msefula, Chisomo" sort="Msefula, Chisomo" uniqKey="Msefula C" first="Chisomo" last="Msefula">Chisomo Msefula</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maclennan, Calman A" sort="Maclennan, Calman A" uniqKey="Maclennan C" first="Calman A" last="Maclennan">Calman A. Maclennan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keddy, Karen H" sort="Keddy, Karen H" uniqKey="Keddy K" first="Karen H" last="Keddy">Karen H. Keddy</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division in the National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division in the National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Anthony M" sort="Smith, Anthony M" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Anthony M" last="Smith">Anthony M. Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division in the National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division in the National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Onsare, Robert S" sort="Onsare, Robert S" uniqKey="Onsare R" first="Robert S" last="Onsare">Robert S. Onsare</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Pinna, Elizabeth" sort="De Pinna, Elizabeth" uniqKey="De Pinna E" first="Elizabeth" last="De Pinna">Elizabeth De Pinna</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Salmonella Reference Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Salmonella Reference Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nair, Satheesh" sort="Nair, Satheesh" uniqKey="Nair S" first="Satheesh" last="Nair">Satheesh Nair</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Salmonella Reference Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Salmonella Reference Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amos, Ben" sort="Amos, Ben" uniqKey="Amos B" first="Ben" last="Amos">Ben Amos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>St Augustine's Hospital, Muheza, Tanzania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>St Augustine's Hospital, Muheza</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Muheza</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dougan, Gordon" sort="Dougan, Gordon" uniqKey="Dougan G" first="Gordon" last="Dougan">Gordon Dougan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obaro, Stephen" sort="Obaro, Stephen" uniqKey="Obaro S" first="Stephen" last="Obaro">Stephen Obaro</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Nebraska</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27657909</idno><idno type="pmid">27657909</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pntd.0004781</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001863</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001863</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">001840</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">001840</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">001840</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">001840</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Molecular Surveillance Identifies Multiple Transmissions of Typhoid in West Africa.</title><author><name sortKey="Wong, Vanessa K" sort="Wong, Vanessa K" uniqKey="Wong V" first="Vanessa K" last="Wong">Vanessa K. Wong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holt, Kathryn E" sort="Holt, Kathryn E" uniqKey="Holt K" first="Kathryn E" last="Holt">Kathryn E. Holt</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okoro, Chinyere" sort="Okoro, Chinyere" uniqKey="Okoro C" first="Chinyere" last="Okoro">Chinyere Okoro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baker, Stephen" sort="Baker, Stephen" uniqKey="Baker S" first="Stephen" last="Baker">Stephen Baker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Viêt Nam</country><wicri:regionArea>The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ho Chi Minh City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pickard, Derek J" sort="Pickard, Derek J" uniqKey="Pickard D" first="Derek J" last="Pickard">Derek J. Pickard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marks, Florian" sort="Marks, Florian" uniqKey="Marks F" first="Florian" last="Marks">Florian Marks</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>International Vaccine Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Kwanak, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>International Vaccine Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Kwanak, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Page, Andrew J" sort="Page, Andrew J" uniqKey="Page A" first="Andrew J" last="Page">Andrew J. Page</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olanipekun, Grace" sort="Olanipekun, Grace" uniqKey="Olanipekun G" first="Grace" last="Olanipekun">Grace Olanipekun</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Abuja</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munir, Huda" sort="Munir, Huda" uniqKey="Munir H" first="Huda" last="Munir">Huda Munir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kano</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alter, Roxanne" sort="Alter, Roxanne" uniqKey="Alter R" first="Roxanne" last="Alter">Roxanne Alter</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Nebraska</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fey, Paul D" sort="Fey, Paul D" uniqKey="Fey P" first="Paul D" last="Fey">Paul D. Fey</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Nebraska</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feasey, Nicholas A" sort="Feasey, Nicholas A" uniqKey="Feasey N" first="Nicholas A" last="Feasey">Nicholas A. Feasey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weill, Francois Xavier" sort="Weill, Francois Xavier" uniqKey="Weill F" first="Francois-Xavier" last="Weill">Francois-Xavier Weill</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Hello, Simon" sort="Le Hello, Simon" uniqKey="Le Hello S" first="Simon" last="Le Hello">Simon Le Hello</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hart, Peter J" sort="Hart, Peter J" uniqKey="Hart P" first="Peter J" last="Hart">Peter J. Hart</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Midlands de l'Ouest</region><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Birmingham</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kariuki, Samuel" sort="Kariuki, Samuel" uniqKey="Kariuki S" first="Samuel" last="Kariuki">Samuel Kariuki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Breiman, Robert F" sort="Breiman, Robert F" uniqKey="Breiman R" first="Robert F" last="Breiman">Robert F. Breiman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gordon, Melita A" sort="Gordon, Melita A" uniqKey="Gordon M" first="Melita A" last="Gordon">Melita A. Gordon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Liverpool</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heyderman, Robert S" sort="Heyderman, Robert S" uniqKey="Heyderman R" first="Robert S" last="Heyderman">Robert S. Heyderman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome-Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Chichiri, Blantyre, Malawi.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Malawi</country><wicri:regionArea>Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome-Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Chichiri, Blantyre</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Blantyre</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Jan" sort="Jacobs, Jan" uniqKey="Jacobs J" first="Jan" last="Jacobs">Jan Jacobs</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Antwerp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lunguya, Octavie" sort="Lunguya, Octavie" uniqKey="Lunguya O" first="Octavie" last="Lunguya">Octavie Lunguya</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Institute for Biomedical Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Democratic Republic of the Congo</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Msefula, Chisomo" sort="Msefula, Chisomo" uniqKey="Msefula C" first="Chisomo" last="Msefula">Chisomo Msefula</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maclennan, Calman A" sort="Maclennan, Calman A" uniqKey="Maclennan C" first="Calman A" last="Maclennan">Calman A. Maclennan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keddy, Karen H" sort="Keddy, Karen H" uniqKey="Keddy K" first="Karen H" last="Keddy">Karen H. Keddy</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division in the National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division in the National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Anthony M" sort="Smith, Anthony M" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Anthony M" last="Smith">Anthony M. Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division in the National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division in the National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Onsare, Robert S" sort="Onsare, Robert S" uniqKey="Onsare R" first="Robert S" last="Onsare">Robert S. Onsare</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Pinna, Elizabeth" sort="De Pinna, Elizabeth" uniqKey="De Pinna E" first="Elizabeth" last="De Pinna">Elizabeth De Pinna</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Salmonella Reference Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Salmonella Reference Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nair, Satheesh" sort="Nair, Satheesh" uniqKey="Nair S" first="Satheesh" last="Nair">Satheesh Nair</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Salmonella Reference Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Salmonella Reference Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amos, Ben" sort="Amos, Ben" uniqKey="Amos B" first="Ben" last="Amos">Ben Amos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>St Augustine's Hospital, Muheza, Tanzania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>St Augustine's Hospital, Muheza</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Muheza</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dougan, Gordon" sort="Dougan, Gordon" uniqKey="Dougan G" first="Gordon" last="Dougan">Gordon Dougan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obaro, Stephen" sort="Obaro, Stephen" uniqKey="Obaro S" first="Stephen" last="Obaro">Stephen Obaro</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Nebraska</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS neglected tropical diseases</title><idno type="eISSN">1935-2735</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The burden of typhoid in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries has been difficult to estimate, in part, due to suboptimal laboratory diagnostics. However, surveillance blood cultures at two sites in Nigeria have identified typhoid associated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) as an important cause of bacteremia in children.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27657909</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>22</Day></DateCreated><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>24</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1935-2735</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>10</Volume><Issue>9</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Sep</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Molecular Surveillance Identifies Multiple Transmissions of Typhoid in West Africa.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e0004781</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pntd.0004781</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">The burden of typhoid in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries has been difficult to estimate, in part, due to suboptimal laboratory diagnostics. However, surveillance blood cultures at two sites in Nigeria have identified typhoid associated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) as an important cause of bacteremia in children.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">A total of 128 S. Typhi isolates from these studies in Nigeria were whole-genome sequenced, and the resulting data was used to place these Nigerian isolates into a worldwide context based on their phylogeny and carriage of molecular determinants of antibiotic resistance.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Several distinct S. Typhi genotypes were identified in Nigeria that were related to other clusters of S. Typhi isolates from north, west and central regions of Africa. The rapidly expanding S. Typhi clade 4.3.1 (H58) previously associated with multiple antimicrobial resistances in Asia and in east, central and southern Africa, was not detected in this study. However, antimicrobial resistance was common amongst the Nigerian isolates and was associated with several plasmids, including the IncHI1 plasmid commonly associated with S. Typhi.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">These data indicate that typhoid in Nigeria was established through multiple independent introductions into the country, with evidence of regional spread. MDR typhoid appears to be evolving independently of the haplotype H58 found in other typhoid endemic countries. This study highlights an urgent need for routine surveillance to monitor the epidemiology of typhoid and evolution of antimicrobial resistance within the bacterial population as a means to facilitate public health interventions to reduce the substantial morbidity and mortality of typhoid.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>International Typhoid Consortium</CollectiveName></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wong</LastName><ForeName>Vanessa K</ForeName><Initials>VK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Holt</LastName><ForeName>Kathryn E</ForeName><Initials>KE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Okoro</LastName><ForeName>Chinyere</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Baker</LastName><ForeName>Stephen</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pickard</LastName><ForeName>Derek J</ForeName><Initials>DJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marks</LastName><ForeName>Florian</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Vaccine Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Kwanak, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Page</LastName><ForeName>Andrew J</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Olanipekun</LastName><ForeName>Grace</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Munir</LastName><ForeName>Huda</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alter</LastName><ForeName>Roxanne</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fey</LastName><ForeName>Paul D</ForeName><Initials>PD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Feasey</LastName><ForeName>Nicholas A</ForeName><Initials>NA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Weill</LastName><ForeName>Francois-Xavier</ForeName><Initials>FX</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Le Hello</LastName><ForeName>Simon</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hart</LastName><ForeName>Peter J</ForeName><Initials>PJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kariuki</LastName><ForeName>Samuel</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Breiman</LastName><ForeName>Robert F</ForeName><Initials>RF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Emory Global Health Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gordon</LastName><ForeName>Melita A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome-Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Chichiri, Blantyre, Malawi.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Heyderman</LastName><ForeName>Robert S</ForeName><Initials>RS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome-Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Chichiri, Blantyre, Malawi.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jacobs</LastName><ForeName>Jan</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lunguya</LastName><ForeName>Octavie</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Institute for Biomedical Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Hospital of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Msefula</LastName><ForeName>Chisomo</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>MacLennan</LastName><ForeName>Calman A</ForeName><Initials>CA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Keddy</LastName><ForeName>Karen H</ForeName><Initials>KH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division in the National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Smith</LastName><ForeName>Anthony M</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division in the National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Onsare</LastName><ForeName>Robert S</ForeName><Initials>RS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>De Pinna</LastName><ForeName>Elizabeth</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Salmonella Reference Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nair</LastName><ForeName>Satheesh</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Salmonella Reference Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Amos</LastName><ForeName>Ben</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>St Augustine's Hospital, Muheza, Tanzania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dougan</LastName><ForeName>Gordon</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Obaro</LastName><ForeName>Stephen</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Bingham University, Karu, Nassarawa State, Nigeria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2016</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>22</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101291488</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1935-2727</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Bioinformatics. 2006 Nov 1;22(21):2688-90</RefSource><PMID Version="1">16928733</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nat Genet. 2008 Aug;40(8):987-93</RefSource><PMID Version="1">18660809</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Biomed Inform. 2009 Apr;42(2):377-81</RefSource><PMID Version="1">18929686</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Jul;5(7):e1245</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21811646</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Clin Microbiol. 2004 Jun;42(6):2581-6</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15184437</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Pak J Biol Sci. 2011 Feb 15;14(4):293-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21870632</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Oct;45(10):3323-34</RefSource><PMID Version="1">17634307</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Drugs. 1993;45 Suppl 3:8-14</RefSource><PMID Version="1">7689456</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Bioinformatics. 2009 Aug 15;25(16):2078-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19505943</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Feb;49(2):862-3</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15673791</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Jul;58(7):3895-903</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24777092</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006 Aug;25(8):700-5</RefSource><PMID Version="1">16874169</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>N Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 6;352(1):39-47</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15635111</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Bull World Health Organ. 2004 May;82(5):346-53</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15298225</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nat Genet. 2015 Jun;47(6):632-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25961941</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Oct;48(10):4012-5</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15388468</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>BMC Infect Dis. 2014 Dec 20;14:3859</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25526763</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Oct;2(10):e570-80</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25304633</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1301-4</RefSource><PMID Version="1">17124322</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Genome Med. 2014 Nov 20;6(11):90</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25422674</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(1):212-20</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24145532</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Feb 18;43(3):e15</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25414349</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jul;39(Web Server issue):W475-8</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21470960</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Jan 15;50(2):241-6</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20014951</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Science. 2011 Jan 28;331(6016):430-4</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21273480</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>BMC Infect Dis. 2011 May 19;11:137</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21595963</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 28;347(22):1770-82</RefSource><PMID Version="1">12456854</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Nov 1;61 Suppl 4:S325-31</RefSource><PMID Version="1">26449948</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Int Q Community Health Educ. 2011-2012;32(3):219-31</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23353563</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Bioinformatics. 2007 Jan 1;23(1):127-8</RefSource><PMID Version="1">17050570</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nature. 2001 Oct 25;413(6858):848-52</RefSource><PMID Version="1">11677608</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Aug;65(8):1631-41</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20511368</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><CoiStatement>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2016</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>19</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2016</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>25</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27657909</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC5033494</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1371/journal.pntd.0004781</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">PNTD-D-16-00463</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>Australie</li><li>Belgique</li><li>Corée du Sud</li><li>France</li><li>Kenya</li><li>Malawi</li><li>Nigeria</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Tanzanie</li><li>Viêt Nam</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Gauteng</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Midlands de l'Ouest</li><li>Nebraska</li><li>Région capitale de Séoul</li><li>Victoria (État)</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Birmingham</li><li>Johannesbourg</li><li>Londres</li><li>Melbourne</li><li>Paris</li><li>Séoul</li></settlement><orgName><li>University College de Londres</li><li>Université de Birmingham</li><li>Université de Melbourne</li><li>Université du Witwatersrand</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Lunguya, Octavie" sort="Lunguya, Octavie" uniqKey="Lunguya O" first="Octavie" last="Lunguya">Octavie Lunguya</name></noCountry><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wong, Vanessa K" sort="Wong, Vanessa K" uniqKey="Wong V" first="Vanessa K" last="Wong">Vanessa K. Wong</name></noRegion><name sortKey="De Pinna, Elizabeth" sort="De Pinna, Elizabeth" uniqKey="De Pinna E" first="Elizabeth" last="De Pinna">Elizabeth De Pinna</name><name sortKey="Dougan, Gordon" sort="Dougan, Gordon" uniqKey="Dougan G" first="Gordon" last="Dougan">Gordon Dougan</name><name sortKey="Feasey, Nicholas A" sort="Feasey, Nicholas A" uniqKey="Feasey N" first="Nicholas A" last="Feasey">Nicholas A. Feasey</name><name sortKey="Gordon, Melita A" sort="Gordon, Melita A" uniqKey="Gordon M" first="Melita A" last="Gordon">Melita A. Gordon</name><name sortKey="Hart, Peter J" sort="Hart, Peter J" uniqKey="Hart P" first="Peter J" last="Hart">Peter J. Hart</name><name sortKey="Kariuki, Samuel" sort="Kariuki, Samuel" uniqKey="Kariuki S" first="Samuel" last="Kariuki">Samuel Kariuki</name><name sortKey="Maclennan, Calman A" sort="Maclennan, Calman A" uniqKey="Maclennan C" first="Calman A" last="Maclennan">Calman A. Maclennan</name><name sortKey="Msefula, Chisomo" sort="Msefula, Chisomo" uniqKey="Msefula C" first="Chisomo" last="Msefula">Chisomo Msefula</name><name sortKey="Nair, Satheesh" sort="Nair, Satheesh" uniqKey="Nair S" first="Satheesh" last="Nair">Satheesh Nair</name><name sortKey="Okoro, Chinyere" sort="Okoro, Chinyere" uniqKey="Okoro C" first="Chinyere" last="Okoro">Chinyere Okoro</name><name sortKey="Page, Andrew J" sort="Page, Andrew J" uniqKey="Page A" first="Andrew J" last="Page">Andrew J. Page</name><name sortKey="Pickard, Derek J" sort="Pickard, Derek J" uniqKey="Pickard D" first="Derek J" last="Pickard">Derek J. Pickard</name></country><country name="Australie"><region name="Victoria (État)"><name sortKey="Holt, Kathryn E" sort="Holt, Kathryn E" uniqKey="Holt K" first="Kathryn E" last="Holt">Kathryn E. Holt</name></region></country><country name="Viêt Nam"><noRegion><name sortKey="Baker, Stephen" sort="Baker, Stephen" uniqKey="Baker S" first="Stephen" last="Baker">Stephen Baker</name></noRegion></country><country name="Corée du Sud"><region name="Région capitale de Séoul"><name sortKey="Marks, Florian" sort="Marks, Florian" uniqKey="Marks F" first="Florian" last="Marks">Florian Marks</name></region></country><country name="Nigeria"><noRegion><name sortKey="Olanipekun, Grace" sort="Olanipekun, Grace" uniqKey="Olanipekun G" first="Grace" last="Olanipekun">Grace Olanipekun</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Munir, Huda" sort="Munir, Huda" uniqKey="Munir H" first="Huda" last="Munir">Huda Munir</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Nebraska"><name sortKey="Alter, Roxanne" sort="Alter, Roxanne" uniqKey="Alter R" first="Roxanne" last="Alter">Roxanne Alter</name></region><name sortKey="Fey, Paul D" sort="Fey, Paul D" uniqKey="Fey P" first="Paul D" last="Fey">Paul D. Fey</name><name sortKey="Obaro, Stephen" sort="Obaro, Stephen" uniqKey="Obaro S" first="Stephen" last="Obaro">Stephen Obaro</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Weill, Francois Xavier" sort="Weill, Francois Xavier" uniqKey="Weill F" first="Francois-Xavier" last="Weill">Francois-Xavier Weill</name></region><name sortKey="Le Hello, Simon" sort="Le Hello, Simon" uniqKey="Le Hello S" first="Simon" last="Le Hello">Simon Le Hello</name></country><country name="Kenya"><noRegion><name sortKey="Breiman, Robert F" sort="Breiman, Robert F" uniqKey="Breiman R" first="Robert F" last="Breiman">Robert F. Breiman</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Onsare, Robert S" sort="Onsare, Robert S" uniqKey="Onsare R" first="Robert S" last="Onsare">Robert S. Onsare</name></country><country name="Malawi"><noRegion><name sortKey="Heyderman, Robert S" sort="Heyderman, Robert S" uniqKey="Heyderman R" first="Robert S" last="Heyderman">Robert S. Heyderman</name></noRegion></country><country name="Belgique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Jacobs, Jan" sort="Jacobs, Jan" uniqKey="Jacobs J" first="Jan" last="Jacobs">Jan Jacobs</name></noRegion></country><country name="Afrique du Sud"><region name="Gauteng"><name sortKey="Keddy, Karen H" sort="Keddy, Karen H" uniqKey="Keddy K" first="Karen H" last="Keddy">Karen H. Keddy</name></region><name sortKey="Smith, Anthony M" sort="Smith, Anthony M" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Anthony M" last="Smith">Anthony M. Smith</name></country><country name="Tanzanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Amos, Ben" sort="Amos, Ben" uniqKey="Amos B" first="Ben" last="Amos">Ben Amos</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001A46 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 001A46 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Asie
|area= AustralieFrV1
|flux= PubMed
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:27657909
|texte= Molecular Surveillance Identifies Multiple Transmissions of Typhoid in West Africa.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:27657909" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |